大尺寸Ce:Lu1.6Y0.4SiO5闪烁晶体的生长和光谱特性

采用中频感应提拉法生长出尺寸为φ60mm×110mm的Ce:Lu1.6Y0.4SiO5(LYSO)晶体,与LSO晶体相比,LYSO晶体的优势是提高了晶体质量、降低了熔点和原料成本等.在室温下测试了LYSO晶体的透过光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱,结果表明Y的加入使LSO晶体的吸收边向短波方向偏移. Ce3+的4f1→5d1跃迁吸收导致紫外区产生三个吸收带.发射光谱具有Ce3+典型的双峰特征,经Gaussian多峰值拟合,双峰395nm和418nm归属于Cel发光中心,而435nm的发光峰与Ce2发光中心有关.     

掺铈硅酸镥(Lu2SiO5:Ce)晶体的生长与闪烁性能

用Czochralsky方法和铱坩埚感应加热技术生长出了尺寸为φ35mm×40mm的掺铈硅酸镥(LSO:Ce)闪烁晶体.透射光谱表明,由于铈离子的掺入,使晶体的吸收边由纯LSO晶体的195nm红移至380nm.LSO:Ce晶体的紫外激发波长按强度递减的顺序依次为380、333、319和216nm,其光发射为带状谱,波长覆盖范围从390nm至560nm.X射线激发的发射谱具有典型的双峰特征,峰值波长为393nm和.426nm.这些特征与Ce3+离子基态能级4f1因自旋-轨道耦合而产生的两个分裂能级和Ce+离子在LSO晶体中占据两个不同的结晶学格位有关.     

掺铈硅酸镥(Lu2SiO5:Ce)晶体的生长与闪烁性能

用Czochralsky方法和铱坩埚感应加热技术生长出了尺寸为φ35mm×40mm的掺铈硅酸镥(LSO:Ce)闪烁晶体.透射光谱表明,由于铈离子的掺入,使晶体的吸收边由纯LSO晶体的195nm红移至380nm.LSO:Ce晶体的紫外激发波长按强度递减的顺序依次为380、333、319和216nm,其光发射为带状谱,波长覆盖范围从390nm至560nm.X射线激发的发射谱具有典型的双峰特征,峰值波长为393nm和.426nm.这些特征与Ce³⁺离子基态能级⁴f₁因自旋-轨道耦合而产生的两个分裂能级和Ce⁺离子在LSO晶体中占据两个不同的结晶学格位有关.     

高质量自调Q激光晶体Cr4+,Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12的生长

用固相合成、共沉淀等方法合成了Cr4+,Nd3+GGG晶体的单相多晶材料.讨论了共沉淀法和固相合成法合成GGG单相的技术参数.用合成的单相多晶原料生长了高质量的Cr4+,Nd3+GGG单晶.通过测晶体的光谱性质发现Cr4+,Nd3+GGG晶体在400nm和520nm附近存在Cr3+离子的强的吸收峰.在808nm附近存在Nd3+离子宽的吸收带,能与InGa二极管激光有效的耦合;在1100附近有Cr4+的较强的吸收带,可实现对Nd3+的自调Q输出.Cr4+,Nd3+GGG晶体的荧光光谱与NdGGG晶体的一样,发光中心也位于1062nm,但其强度约为NdGGG的1/5～1/6.Cr4+,Nd3+GGG晶体是一种非常有潜力的自调Q激光晶体,可以实现大功率激光器的小型化和全固化.     

KBaPO4:Tb3+材料制备及其发光特性

采用高温固相法合成了KBaPO4:Tb3+绿色发光荧光粉,并研究了材料的发光性质.KBaPO4:Tb3+材料呈多峰发射,发射峰位于437、490、545、586和622 nm,分别对应Tb3+的5D3→7F4和5D4→7FJ=6,5,4,3跃迁发射,主峰为545 nm;监测545 nm发射峰,所得激发光谱由4f 7-5d1的宽带吸收(200～330 nm)和4f-4f电子吸收(330～400 nm)组成,主峰为380 nm.研究了Tb3+掺杂浓度,电荷补偿剂Li+、Na+、K+和Cl-,及敏化剂Ce3+对KBaPO4:Tb3+材料发射强度的影响.结果显示,调节激活剂浓度、添加电荷补偿剂或敏化剂均可在很大程度上提高材料的发射强度.上述结果表明KBaPO4:Tb3+材料是一种很好的近紫外光激发型高效绿色发光荧光粉.     

Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃的制备及发光性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂的CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃材料,并用荧光分光光度计和CIE色度坐标对其发光性能进行了研究。发射光谱表明,在374nm激发下,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃的发射光谱中同时观测到了红橙光、蓝光和绿光的发射带,这些发射带的混合实现了白光发射。此外,在Sm2O3和Tb4O7含量不变的情况下,随着CeO2含量的减小,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂发光玻璃的发光颜色在白光区逐渐由蓝光区附近过渡到黄光区附近。     

Cs2LiYCl6:Ce闪烁晶体的光学及闪烁性能

用坩埚下降法生长得到Cs₂LiY _0.95Cl₆: 5%Ce(CYLC)闪烁晶体, 通过X射线衍射分析证明Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce的晶体结构属于钾冰晶石结构, 并与理论计算结果基本吻合。在吸收光谱中观测到源于Ce³⁺离子从4f向5d_1~5电子跃迁的吸收峰和自陷激子吸收峰。X射线和紫外激发和发射光谱测试表明, 位于300 nm的发光属于Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce晶体的本征芯价发光, 321 nm的发光归因于自陷激子发光, 350~450 nm范围的发光属于Ce³⁺离子5d-4f 跃迁发光。在³⁷Cs源伽马射线激发下, CYLC晶体的能量分辨率达到8.1%, 衰减时间分别为58 ns和580 ns。综上所述可知, Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce晶体将是一种在中子和伽马射线分辨领域具有广泛应用前景的闪烁晶体。     

Ce:YAG晶体色心和缺陷的伽马射线辐照研究

利用伽玛射线研究了Ce3+:Y3Als O12晶体的辐照色心缺陷,比较了采用提拉法和温梯法生长的Ce3+;Y3Al5O12晶体中产生的不同色心缺陷,并利用吸收光谱、激发发射光谱和退火等方法分析了晶体中235nm和370nm色心吸收带的形成原因,指出晶体中的235nm吸收带由F+色心引起.进一步分析了YAG晶体的辐照,证实了370hm色心的来源,表明370nm吸收带与F-类色心相关.     

Ce∶YAG晶体色心和缺陷的伽马射线辐照研究

利用伽玛射线研究了Ce3+∶Y3Al5O12晶体的辐照色心缺陷,比较了采用提拉法和温梯法生长的Ce3+∶Y3Al5O12晶体中产生的不同色心缺陷,并利用吸收光谱、激发发射光谱和退火等方法分析了晶体中235nm和370nm色心吸收带的形成原因,指出晶体中的235nm吸收带由F+色心引起。进一步分析了YAG晶体的辐照,证实了370nm色心的来源,表明370nm吸收带与F-类色心相关。     

甘氨酸燃烧法合成Sr2CeO4及其发光性质研究

为制备具有优良性能的蓝色荧光粉,首次采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法合成了Sr2CeO4,利用热重-差热分析仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜等技术对其形成过程、物相结构、形貌粒度、发光性质进行了研究.结果表明:燃烧后的前驱物经800℃焙烧已有目标产物Sr2CeO4生成,1100℃时可得到较纯正交晶系的Sr2CeO4相.颗粒的形貌为不规则球形,平均粒径在80 nm左右.发光性质研究表明:Sr2CeO4荧光粉的激发光谱是宽带双峰结构,此宽带属于Ce4+的电荷迁移带,两个峰分别位于305 nm和348 nm,后者为主峰.用348 nm紫外光激发样品,发出明亮的蓝光,其发射光谱也是一个宽带,最大峰位于470 nm,此峰属于Ce4+的f→t1g跃迁.发光强度在800~1100℃随温度升高而增强.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.