催化湿式氧化3-甲基吡啶农药废水的研究

以过渡金属Cu为主要活性组分,与过渡金属Mn复合,研制出催化湿式氧化法(CWO)处理含3-甲基吡啶农药废水的复合金属氧化物催化剂。结果表明,新制备的复合催化剂氧化活性显著提高,并有效地抑制铜的溶出。通过对氧气分压、反应温度和废水pH 等工艺条件的考察,催化湿式氧化法处理含3-甲基吡啶农药废水的适宜工艺条件为：190 ℃,氧分压1.60 MPa,pH＝8.28。在此条件下,用自制催化剂处理初始质量浓度为15 430 mg·L^－1的废水,在120 min 内,废水COD去除率达到92%,说明可生化性能良好。     

非均相湿式过氧化氢氧化H-酸废水的研究

为研究催化剂对湿式过氧化氢氧化印染废水效果的影响,采用共沉淀法制备了TiO2-CeO2催化剂,并用浸渍法制备了不同铁负载量的Fe/TiO2-CeO2系列催化剂。以过氧化氢湿式催化氧化法处理COD=10 125 mg/L的H-酸模拟印染废水,结果表明:以TiO2-CeO2催化剂处理水样,当催化剂质量浓度为4 g/L,n(Ti)∶n(Ce)=9∶1,水样初始pH=5,反应温度80℃,反应时间2 h,COD去除率达44.3%;以Fe/TiO2-CeO2处理水样,当催化剂质量浓度为4 g/L,n(Ti)∶n(Ce)=9∶1,w(Fe)=2.0%,在水样初始pH=5,反应温度100℃,反应时间1.5 h的条件下,COD去除率可达86.9%。     

水解法制备β-FeOOH纳米粒子及其在废水处理方面的应用

高浓度有机废水具有极大危害,湿式催化氧化法(CWO)是如今常用的方法。本文简单的介绍了湿式催化氧化法的机理及其潜在价值和未来应用。实验结果表明:Fe OOH纳米催化剂的量、H_2O_2浓度、pH值,反应时间都对COD的值有很大影响。我们对新疆独山子炼油厂的汽油碱渣废水进行了研究,确定了由预处理和湿式催化氧化法组成的最佳处理工艺。通过实验得到处理该废水的最佳工艺条件:催化剂的用量为0.05将10000 mg/L的COD值可被降到1000 mg/L。     

催化湿式氧化处理农药废水的研究

利用担载型双金属活性组分催化剂，考察了反应温度、压力、进料空速和V（空气）：V（H2O）（体积比）等反应条件对催化湿式氧化处理某农药废水效果的影响。对于该种废水，在4．2MPa，245℃，空速为2．0h^-1，V（空气）：V（H2O）＝300的反应条件下，废水的COD去除率可达到91．3％。经处理后废水的BOD5／COD＞0．5，说明其可生化性能良好。     

WAO和CWAO工艺预处理制药废水的实验研究

采用湿式氧化（WAO）和催化湿式氧化（CWAO）工艺对制药废水进行预处理，考察温度，反应时间，初始氧分压，pH对COD去除率的影响。在反应温度260℃、初始氧分压2 MPa、反应时间2 h的条件下，采用WAO工艺的废水COD去除率达到74.1%,B/C由0.22提高到0.45，生化性显著改善。CWAO工艺通过添加5 g催化剂，COD去除率为91.3%，有效提高了湿式氧化法的处理效果。     

催化湿式氧化预处理H酸生产废水

采用催化湿式空气氧化-生物接触氧化组合工艺处理H酸生产废水,经小试考察,确定催化湿式氧化最佳操作条件为:反应温度为260℃,反应压力为6.0 MPa,催化剂添加量为1 g/L。在上述条件下,H酸生产废水COD去除率60%,脱色率80%,催化湿式氧化预处理后废水生化可行性显著提高,经组合工艺处理有利于达标排放。     

催化湿式二氧化氯氧化法的研究

通过浸渍法制备了包含四类主活性组分的负载型催化剂,用于二氧化氯催化湿式氧化(CWCDO)处理印染废水、有机农药废水.由实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,结果表明,四元组合MnO2-CuO-CeO2-V2O5(质量比为2:4:1:1)催化剂性能较好,反应在常温常压下,维持pH为3.0～5.0,反应时间为30 min时,COD的去除率大于85%,色度去除率大于90%.     

三氯吡啶生产废水处理工艺研究

采用催化湿式氧化-生化组合工艺处理三氯吡啶生产废水,经小试考察,确定催化湿式氧化工艺最佳操作条件为:反应温度为250℃,反应压力为5.0MPa,催化剂投加量为1000mg/L。在上述条件下,三氯吡啶废水有机氮转化率80%,COD去除率60%,催化湿式氧化预处理后废水可生化性显著提高,经催化湿式氧化-生化组合工艺处理有利于达标排放。     

CuO催化臭氧氧化深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用粉末CuO作为催化剂,对生化处理后的低浓度垃圾渗滤液进行催化臭氧氧化深度处理.探讨了反应时间、催化剂投量、温度、pH、起始CODCr及氯离子含量对渗滤液有机污染物去除的影响.在进水COD.为350 mg/L,色度为1 000 PCU的条件下,氧化反应120 min后CODCr、TOC及UV254的去除率能够达到70%～80%,色度的去除率几乎达到100%.试验结果得出,在常温条件下,CuO催化臭氧氧化法深度处理低浓度垃圾渗滤液的最佳反应时间为120 min,CuO最佳投量为0.5 s/L,反应最佳pH为6～8.     

催化湿式氧化法和厌氧发酵法联用处理异佛尔酮废水

分别以沉淀法、共沸蒸馏法和高温老化法制备ZrO₂载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Ru/ZrO₂催化剂,用于催化湿式氧化法处理异佛尔酮废水。研究了反应温度、催化剂用量及反应时间对异佛尔酮废水乙酸浓度、COD去除率、TOC去除率及废水可生化性的影响。废水经催化湿式氧化处理的中间产物主要为乙酸,可由产甲烷菌转化为甲烷。结果表明,提高反应温度、增加催化剂用量及延长反应时间均可提高异佛尔酮废水COD去除率、TOC去除率及废水可生化性。在270 ℃、氧分压2.5 MPa和催化剂用量9 g·L^－1条件下,超过180 min异佛尔酮废水COD及TOC去除率分别可达90.4%和84.9%。在270 ℃、氧分压2.5 MPa和催化剂用量1 g·L^－1反应条件下,120 min时异佛尔酮废水乙酸浓度最大,为5 582.98 mg·L^－1。催化湿式氧化处理后出水利用产甲烷菌进行厌氧发酵,反应9天产甲烷体积达到最大值820 mL。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.