燃料电池及其在冷热电联供系统中的应用

分析了燃料电池的原理和主要特点，认为磷酸燃料电池(PAFC)是目前技术最成熟、商业化程度最高的民用燃料电池；焙融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)、固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)和质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是最有希望的商业化的燃料电池，以上燃料电池以热电联户方式运行时总效率可达80%以上，又环境污染小。简要介绍了燃料电池的冷热电联供系统的流程及工程应用。     

固体电解质燃料电池

当今世界“能源危机”已逐渐为人们所重视。人们的注意力已集中到如何更有效地利用现有的能源上。用燃料电池把化学能直接转化为电能就是这方面的突出例子。近年来,在试图使燃料电池商品化方面做努力。下面着重介绍第3代燃料电池——固体电解质燃料电池的开发等。 1.固体电解质燃料电池及其特点固体电解质燃料电池是在磷酸型、熔融碳酸盐型燃料电池的基础上发展起来的第3代高     

布局燃料电池空压机业务潍柴动力宣布成立一家新合资公司

近日,潍柴动力股份有限公司官网发布公告称,公司正式宣布与瑞士 FISCHER Spindle Group Ltd("瑞士飞速集团")进行战略合作,投资入股其燃料电池空压机业务,并在中国设立合资公司,共同打造成为全球领先的燃料电池空压机提供商. 据悉,燃料电池空压机被誉为燃料电池动力系统的"肺",其性能将直接影响燃料电池动力系统的运行指标,也是成本最高的核心零部件之一,目前是我国氢燃料电池发动机发展的短板.     

第四代发电技术——新型燃料电池

本文介绍了燃料电池的工作原理和技术特点，对燃料电池的应用前景进行了初步分析，使人们对燃料电池有一个粗浅的认识。     

前景灿烂的燃料电池

介绍燃料电池的发展简况和4种有发展前途的燃料电池(磷酸燃料电池、质子交换隔膜燃料电池、熔碳燃料电池、固态氧化物燃料电池)。     

影响SOFC-GT系统热电比的参数模拟分析

随着燃料电池的发展,燃料电池应用领域将越来越广。固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)作为高温燃料电池,可以在提供电能的同时对外提供热能。本文以SOFC/GT系统的热电比(对外提供的热能和电能的比)为主要研究对象,通过建立平板型固体氧化物燃料电池系统、燃气轮机等部件的计算模型,计算出不同参数对燃料电池热电比的影响。计算结果表明通过改变电流密度、入口温度和压力等参数,能对系统热电比进行调整。     

燃料电池在民用建筑中的应用

为响应国家能源革命,搭载新能源利用的分布式能源技术在建筑领域迅速崛起。燃料电池在汽车领域已经得到大面积推广,在建筑领域的应用还未得到重视。不少发达国家已将燃料电池运用于居住建筑领域,通过国外应用经验可知,微型热电联产设备在市场上有良好的推广空间。通过对燃料电池发展现状进行分析,总结燃料电池发展情况与不足,为后续燃料电池在民用建筑的研究提供参考。     

燃料电池关键技术的发展趋势

叙述燃料电池的组成原理和结构材料以及该技术的开发意义和应用前景，讨论贵金属电极催化剂在燃料电池中的作用，并着重介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池的开发进展。     

天然气预重整固体氧化物燃料电池性能模拟

建立了预重整器和直接内部重整固体氧化物燃料电池电堆的数学模型,验证了电堆模型的有效性.应用Matlab软件实现了对天然气预重整固体氧化物燃料电池的模拟,对重整温度、重整耗热量和重整氢气产生量进行了研究,重整器的最佳操作温度为800 ℃.通过对部分预重整比率与燃料电池电堆性能关系的研究,建议在直接内部重整燃料电池材料允许的条件下,采用较低的预重整比率.部分预重整与直接内部重整固体氧化物燃料电池的良好结合有利于提高整个燃料电池系统的性能.     

燃料电池的特点与应用前景

介绍了燃料电池的工作原理和技术特点,分析了燃料电池的应用领域及市场前景。     

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in an immobilized cell airlift bioreactor

An "immobilized cell airlift bioreactor", was used for the aerobic bioremediation of simulated diesel fuel contaminated groundwater and tested with p-xylene and naphthalene in batch and continuous regimes. The innovative design of the experiments consists of two stages. At the first stage "immobilized soil bioreactor" (ISBR) was used to develop an efficient microbial consortium from the indigenous microorganisms, which exist in diesel fuel contaminated soil. The concept of ISBR relies on the entrapment of the soil particles into the pores of a semi-permeable membrane, which divides the bioreactor into two aerated and non-aerated portions. The second stage involves inoculating the "immobilized cell air lift bioreactor" with the cultivated microbial consortia of the first stage. Immobilized cell airlift bioreactor has the same configuration as ISBR except that in this bioreactor instead of soil, microorganisms were immobilized on the fibers of the membrane. The performance of a 0.83 L immobilized cell airlift bioreactor was investigated at various retention time (0.5-6 h) and concentrations of p-xylene (15, 40 and 77 mg/L) and naphthalene (8, 15 and 22 mg/L) in the continuous operation. In the batch regime, 0.9L bioreactor was operated at various biodegradation times (15-135 min) and concentrations of p-xylene (13.6, 44.9 and 67.5 mg/L) and naphthalene (1.5 and 3.8 mg/L). Under the conditions of the complete biodegradation of p-xylene and naphthalene, the obtained volumetric biodegradation rates at biomass density of 720 mg/L were 15 and 16 mg/L h, respectively.     

Electrochemical conversion of switchgrass and poplar in molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cell

One way of sustaining fuel cell technology is using renewable and sustainable energy means provided by biomass. This article explores switchgrass and poplar in a molten carbonate electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell. It investigates their electrochemical conversions and provides results of power density, current density, open circuit voltage (OCV) and other parameters. The biomasses were pyrolysed at 800°C to produce carbon fuels. Biomass carbon fuels were mixed with molten carbonate and subjected to different operating conditions (600–800°C) in the fuel cell. The electrochemical performances of the poplar fuel were better than those experienced with switchgrass fuel. At 800°C the OCV of poplar fuel (1.08?V) has higher output than switchgrass (0.87?V). The peak power density recorded for poplar fuel was 23.91?mW/cm² while switchgrass fuel was lower at 21.60?mW/cm². Poplar fuel (81.53?mA/cm²) gave a maximum current density with switchgrass fuel lower at 74.00?mA/cm².     

燃料电池汽车余热利用的可行性探讨

本文介绍了固体吸附式制冷、蒸汽喷射式制冷和吸收式制冷等三种利用余热的热能制冷技术，以及燃料电池的工作原列与特性。针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的现状，提出了利用该余热制冷，为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方案，并对其进行了可行性分析。采用热能制冷技术，合理地利用燃料电池汽车余热作为汽车空调系统的驱动热源来实现制冷目的，将带来显著的经济和社会效益，是燃料电池汽车余热回收利用的一种较理想方案。     

城市燃气在氢能及燃料电池的应用

分析了城市燃气作为燃料电池燃料在氢燃料汽车、电力生产及热电联产等方面的应用,列举了由城市燃气生产氢气在电子、食用油及金属加工行业的应用,介绍了国外燃气公司在氢能及燃料电池方面的研发进展。     

燃料电池与传统发电方式的热力学分析

从系统熵和火用的角度,对传统方式发电和燃料电池发电机理进行热力学分析,通过对两种发电过程中的火用损、熵增以及热力学效率的比较得出:传统发电装置在发电过程中,高温烟气在推动热机做功发电之前,由于升高自身温度所耗能量已造成较高的火用损;而燃料电池将燃料的化学火用,即吉布斯自由能直接转化为电能,火用损失明显减少,提高了热力学效率,因此燃料电池发电技术具有较为明显的优势。     

家用天然气燃料电池在暖通空调中的应用

介绍了家用天然气燃料电池的概念和基本原理,其最大优点在于高效率和环保性,其能源综合效率达到80%。计算显示,与火力发电比较,一次能源的消费量削减21%,温室气体CO2排放量削减27%,大气污染物质NOx排放量削减66%。分析了家用燃料电池实用化过程中面临的成本、效率、耐久性等问题,提出了发展我国家用燃料电池的构想。     

Performance assessment of fuel cell micro-cogeneration systems for residential buildings

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector to a sustainable level will require tremendous efforts to increase both energy efficiency and the share of renewable energies. Apart from the lowering of energy demand through better insulation and fenestration, small combined heat and power (micro-cogeneration) systems may help improve the situation on the supply side by cutting both the non-renewable energy demand for residential buildings and peak loads in the electric grid. Though still on the brink of market entry, fuel cells are the focus of interest as the prime technology for such systems. In this study, a methodology for assessing the performance of such systems in terms of primary energy demand and the CO₂ emissions by transient computer simulations is established, and demonstrated for a natural gas driven solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and, to a lesser extend, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) home fuel cell cogeneration system. The systems were evaluated for different grid electricity generation mix types and compared to traditional gas boiler systems. The interaction with hot water storage and solar thermal collectors, and the impact of storage size and predictive control was analyzed. Typical heat and electricity demand load profiles for different types of residential buildings and occupancy were considered, and the sizing of the fuel cell system in relation to the heat demand of the building was analyzed. Primary energy savings decline for cases with lower heat demand and for cases with solar thermal systems, and peak for fuel cell systems sized in accordance with the heat demand of the building. Future assessments of fuel cell systems will need a refined methodology, and depend on realistic performance characteristics and models that accurately consider dynamic conditions.     

燃料电池的应用与发展

介绍了燃料电池的工作原理、分类、特点及应用,简述了国内外燃料电池的发展状况和前景。