最优闭环发送分集

发送分集 (TransmitDiversity)是在第三代移动通信系统中应用的一个关键技术。本文对TD -SCDMA系统的MISO(Multiple -InputSingle -Output)信道 ,推导出闭环发送分集 (ClosedLoopTransmitDiversity)中的最优权值 (即调整发送权值使移动台接收信号的功率达到最大值 ) ,表明发送权值的计算实际上就是估计上行信道增益的平均值。经过计算得到 ,与空时分组编码 (Space -TimeBlockCoding)相比 ,使用最优权值的闭环发送分集 (CLTD)技术可使移动台的接收信噪比提高 3dB ,并通过仿真加以验证     

OFDM闭环发射分集结合自适应功率分配

将自适应功率分配技术应用于多发送多接收天线正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统,如何在载波和天线间分配能量是个关键问题。该文提出:对不同发射天线的各个子载波采用闭环发射分集方案;接着再进行载波间的功率分配,该算法的目标是使误码率最小。文中用数学方法证明了此方案是使总误码率最小的最佳方案。仿真结果显示:在误码率取0.1%时,对于两根发射天线一根接收天线4个子载波的OFDM系统,与传统的将开环发射分集与OFDM相结合的算法相比,此算法能带来6.5dB的增益。     

WCDMA系统发送分集技术的性能分析

本文针对WCDMA系统中的开环和闭环两类发送分集技术,给出了相干接收的算法模型、性能分析及仿真结果,进而揭示了这两类发送分集技术之间的关系.理论分析及仿真结果表明,在总发送比特能量相同的条件下,闭环发送分集模式在步行环境下能提供比开环分集模式更好的接收性能;开环分集模式的接收性能则在车载环境下比闭环模式有更好的稳定性.     

时变衰落信道中WCDMA系统闭环发送分集的性能分析

该文针对WCDMA标准中采用的闭环分集技术,给出了RAKE接收算法模型及反馈的加权矢量算法,进而分析了时变衰落信道中存在反馈链路延迟时闭环发送分集的接收性能,并与开环分集技术的接收性能进行了比较,指出了开环和闭环发送分集技术适用的不同移动环境.理论推导及仿真结果表明闭环发送分集在低速移动和较低路径信噪比环境下具有优于开环分集的接收性能.     

从功率分配的角度分析三种方案的MIMO信道容量

在移动通信中,空间分集是一种重要的分集方式,MIMO(多入多出)技术作为空间分集的应用得到广泛的关注.本文从功率分配的角度研究了预编码法、等功率分配法和波束成形法这三种方案所获得的MIMO信道容量的本质.在不同的发送天线和接收天线结构下对三种方案的遍历容量和中断容量进行了仿真,并得出结论:预编码法通过在发送端利用信道信...     

一维无线传感器网络分簇通信方案能量效率研究

为了提高无线传感器网络的能量有效性,该文在分析基于分簇的传统方案和协作分集数据传输方案的能量效率基础上,提出了一维传感器网络分簇多用户分集数据传送方案(CMDDTS)。理论分析表明能量开销依赖于数据融合比、簇内通信的发送功率、簇间通信的接收功率以及电路消耗的功率和簇内传感器的数目,仿真结果验证了所提方案的能量效率优于传统方案和协作分集数据传送方案。     

合作分集无线网络中一种改进的分布式空时编码

将多天线系统中线性空时编码的思想用于合作分集无线网络,提出一种改进的分布式线性空时编码.在通信时采用两段协议,第一阶段信源向所有的合作伙伴发送信息T个符号,在第二阶段各合作伙伴对接收到的经噪声干扰的信号根据瞬时信道状态进行分布式线性处理后发送到接收端.对成对错误概率(PEP)进行分析,给出一种chemoff上界,并与多天线系统进行比较.对于总发送功率P固定的无线网络,最优功率分配方法是信源分配一半的功率,分配给网络中所有合作伙伴一半发送功率.仿真结果表明在高信噪比时,所提出的分布式空时编码方法在各终端均配置单天线的条件下可以达到R根发送天线的多天线系统的分集度.     

分布式小区中CDD的功率分配方法及性能分析

为了有效地在分布式小区中使用循环延迟分集技术,文章首先得到了分布式环境下循环延迟分集的成对差错概率的上界。以最小化成对差错概率的上界为目标,提出了一种分布式环境下循环延迟分集的次优功率分配方案。仿真结果表明,通过对移动台位置信息的利用,得到其路径损耗信息,再结合次优功率分配方案,分布式小区中循环延迟分集的系统性能得到改善。     

宏分集对于CDMA系统前向容量的影响

宏分集可以有效地克服大尺度衰落的影响.对于CDMA反向信道而言,采用宏分集可以有效地改善信道质量并提高反向容量.与此相比,有关宏分集对CDMA前向信道的影响的研究则并不多见.本文深入分析了多天线宏分集下的CDMA系统前向容量并发现,在传统CDMA系统中,无论采用何种功率分配方案,宏分集都会导致前向容量损失.在分析容量损失原因的基础上,我们进一步提出了一种新的发送分集方案.在该方案下,前向容量不仅得到较大的提高,而且会随着参与宏分集的基站数目的增多进一步增大.     

空时编码协作中的中继选择与功率分配联合方案

提出了一种空时编码协作中的中继选择与功率分配联合方案,称为DD(Destination Decision)方案.该方案由目的终端根据协作终端的信道状态信息进行中继选择与功率分配,并决定各中继发送STBC编码矩阵的哪一列,从而避免了通过中继之间的信息交互进行中继选择的冲突.理论分析和仿真结果表明,此方案在保证分集阶数和误码率性能的同时,提高了系统容量.     

基于酉阵的MIMO系统空频编码方案

针对多输入多输出系统发射分集方案中正交性与全速率之间的矛盾,在传统空频编码的基础上,提出了一种基于酉阵的空频块编码多天线系统发射分集方案。利用酉矩阵特性和块正交思想,给出了方案具体实施策略,并借助Givens变化生成典型固定酉阵,推导分析了所提方案全速率性能和准正交特性,证明了与空频块编码方案相比,该方案能更加充分地利用4根发射天线来增大空间分集的性能。最后通过不同场景下的仿真对比,也进一步验证了在不增加复杂度的情况下该分集方案的性能优势。     

基于准正交空时分组码的多中继协作方案

根据准正交空时分组码提出了一种基于选择中继协议的多中继协作方案。从两个方面讨论了该方案的空间分集性能,通过分析成对差错概率证明,若所有的中继都正确译码,该方案可以获得全分集增益;若某些中继不能正确译码,该方案仍可以获得部分分集增益。将所提方案与使用正交空时分组码的协作方案进行比较,仿真结果表明,在信噪比较高时,两个方案都可获得全分集增益,但所提方案具有更高的编码增益。而当信噪比变低时,所提方案具有更高的分集增益和编码增益。     

Combined Transmitter Diversity and Multi-Level Modulation Techniques

Orthogonal transmitter diversity such as frequency diversity and time diversity is quite simple to implement and, with optimum signal combining, can take full advantage of fading multipath channels. However, such a scheme has a bandwidth efficiency that decreases inversely with the number of diversity branches making it less attractive in wireless communications applications. This paper considers combined orthogonal transmitter diversity and multi-level linear modulation techniques. The idea is to view the signal constellations of the modulation scheme in an augmented signal space formed by the modulation signal dimension and the number of branches of the transmitter diversity scheme. This augmented signal space provides a good spread for the modulation signal points and can be quite efficient for high-level linear modulation techniques. The obtained results show that this combined scheme, not only improves the system performance on both additive white Gaussian noise and fading multipath channels, but also improves the bandwidth efficiency of orthogonal transmitter diversity.     

MVDR‐combining‐aided diversity and spatial multiplexing for MIMO multi‐cellular networks with cochannel interference

Two multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes (a diversity scheme and a spatial multiplexing scheme) that employ the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) combining are proposed for multi‐cellular networks with cochannel interference. With the receive diversity provided by the MVDR combining, the proposed diversity scheme can be benefited by both the transmit diversity and the receive diversity, also, the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can be benefited by both the receive diversity and the spatial multiplexing. The proposed MIMO schemes do not require the space‐time coding or the successive interference cancellation, thus they can result in less computational complexity than space‐time block code (STBC) and vertical‐Bell Labs layered space‐time (V‐BLAST). We show that the capacity of the proposed diversity scheme is close to or larger than that of STBC for the noise‐corrupted case and is much larger than that of STBC for the interference‐corrupted case. We also show that the capacity of the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can be much larger than that of V‐BLAST for the interference‐corrupted case and the noise‐corrupted case, and the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can achieve good compromise between diversity and spatial multiplexing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimum selection diversity for BPSK signals in Rayleigh fadingchannels

We propose a new selection diversity scheme, called |ar|-selection diversity, that selects the branch providing the largest magnitude of log-likelihood ratio (LLR). The LLR for BPSK signals in fading channels is found to be proportional to the product of the fading amplitude and the matched filter output after phase compensation. The proposed |ar|-selection diversity scheme is shown to be optimal in the sense of minimizing the bit error rate (BER), and outperform existing selection diversity schemes. We also propose a suboptimal selection diversity scheme, called |aw|-selection diversity, that does not require a phase compensation in the selection process, thereby significantly reducing implementation complexity. We show that the proposed |ar|-selection and |aw|-selection diversity schemes exhibit significant power gains over existing selection diversity schemes in Rayleigh fading channels     

A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications

This paper presents a simple two-branch transmit diversity scheme. Using two transmit antennas and one receive antenna the scheme provides the same diversity order as maximal-ratio receiver combining (MRRC) with one transmit antenna, and two receive antennas. It is also shown that the scheme may easily be generalized to two transmit antennas and M receive antennas to provide a diversity order of 2M. The new scheme does not require any bandwidth expansion or any feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and its computation complexity is similar to MRRC     

Performance comparison of selection combining schemes for binary DPSK on nonselective Rayleigh-fading channels with interference

This paper is concerned with the error performance analysis of binary differential phase shift keying (DPSK) with differential detection over the nonselective Rayleigh-fading channel with selection diversity reception and with an additive, correlated, Gaussian interference process in each diversity channel. The fading process is assumed to have an arbitrary Doppler spectrum with arbitrary Doppler bandwidth. The selection schemes investigated are: 1) the selection combining (SC) scheme based on signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR); 2) the SC scheme based on signal-plus-noise (S+N); and 3) the SC scheme based on maximum output (MO). New, exact, closed-form bit-error probability (BEP) expressions are derived, and a performance comparison among the three SC schemes and combining diversity reception is given. The results obtained reduce to previously known results when the correlated interference process is absent, and when the fading process does not fluctuate over the duration of several symbol intervals. The results indicate that the performance of each scheme depends on the tradeoff between the number of diversity branches, the SNR, the interference level, and the correlation of the interference process. However, the SC-(S+N) scheme generally performs worse than the SC-SNR scheme, the SC-MO scheme and combining diversity reception scheme. The findings presented here are not only of fundamental theoretical value, but are also of practical interest to the designers of future mobile communication systems.     

相关瑞利信道下差分空时检测协同分集方案

本文提出了一种采用分布式差分空时分组编码和检测的协同分集方案,在不需要信道状态信息(CSI)的情况下可以实现满分集和全速率发射,并推导了相关瑞利信道下该方案误码率(BER)性能上限的解析表达式。传统的差分空时分组编码对整个码块进行差分,而协同分集下的任何一个协同用户进行差分编码时都不知道整个码块的信息。本文所提出的差分BPSK调制方案,通过将两协同用户的信息分别被调制到相互正交的实轴和虚轴上,从而将码块的联合差分转化为各用户独立差分。分析了在协同用户间不同的信道状态信息(CSI)和协同用户到接收用户不同的CSI情况下本文所提出发射方案的性能。仿真结果表明本文所提出的方案获得了明显的分集增益,同时也较好的吻合了理论分析的结果。     

Space-time trellis codes with transmit antenna selection

A scheme combining transmit antenna selection (TAS) and space-time trellis code (STTC), which is referred to as the TAS/STTC scheme, is considered. In this scheme, two transmit antennas, which maximise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver, are chosen to transmit the baseline STTCs designed for two transmit antennas. It is shown by simulation that, similar to two other transmit antenna selection schemes investigated previously by the authors, this scheme also achieves a full diversity order as if all the transmit antennas were used. In addition, this scheme has a fixed low decoding complexity no matter how high the diversity order. Unlike the traditional STTC, this scheme does not have the requirement for minimum memory order to achieve a full diversity order.     

An investigation of space-path hybrid diversity scheme for basestation reception in CDMA mobile radio

In CDMA mobile radio communication systems, degradation of instantaneous signal to interference power ratio (C/I), which causes impairment of frequency utilization factor, will be significant in multipath fading environments. In this paper, a hybrid diversity scheme for fading reduction combining effects of space diversity and path diversity (represented by the RAKE method) is investigated. A quantitative evaluation of fading reduction effects of the hybrid diversity is performed, comparing them with those of space diversity only and path diversity only. The hybrid diversity scheme is promising in environments where the delay spread of a transmission path is 1 μs or less