GaN_xAs_(1-x)/GaAs单量子阱发光性质及带阶研究

用光荧光谱 (PL )研究了 Ga Nx As1 - x/ Ga As单量子阱 (SQW)的光跃迁性质和带阶 .通过研究积分荧光强度与激发强度的关系及光谱峰值位置与温度的关系 ,发现 Ga Nx As1 - x/ Ga As单量子阱中的发光是本征带 -带跃迁 ,并且低温发光是局域激子发光 .通过自洽计算发现它的导带带阶 (ΔEc)与氮含量的关系不是纯粹的线性关系 ,其平均变化速率 (0 .110 e V / N% )比文献中报道的要慢得多 (0 .15 6～ 0 .175 e V / N% ) ,此外发现 Qc(=ΔEc/Δ Eg)随氮含量的变化很小 ,可以用 Qc≈ x0 .2 5 来表示 .还研究了 Ga Nx As1 - x/ Ga As单量子阱中氮含量的变化对能带弯曲参数 (b)的影响     

In_xGa_(1-x)As/GaAs应变单量子阱结构的静压光致发光研究

在室温和液氮温度下,0-60kbar范围内对In_xGa(1-x)As/GaAs应变单量子阱结构进行了静压光致发光研究.在室温下,量子阱中发光峰随压力的变化是亚线性的,而在液氮温度下是线性的.阱中发光峰的压力系数比GaAs势垒的小约10％左右.发现对应于导带第二子带的发光峰的压力系数略大于第一子带的.此结果与GaAs/Al_xGa_(1-x)As量子阱的情况正好相反.     

应用于1.55 微米的高含氮量GaInNAs/GaAs单量子阱的光激反射和光激发光的研究

用光的反射光谱和光的光致发光光谱的测量对Ga0.69In0.31NxAs1-x/GaAs 的单量子阱的光学特性作了研究,在单量子阱的反射光谱中,观察到 GaAs 能隙之上的 Franz-Keldysh 振荡和来源于量子阱区的各种类激子跃迁,Franz-Keldysh 振荡确定量子阱的内建电场并发现它是随 N 的浓度增加而增加;反射信号随样品中氮耦合增强而减弱,因为温度降低时载流子的定域作用导致调制效应的弱化.激子跃迁的能量和温度关系按照 Varshni 和爱因斯坦一玻司方程作了研究,在 PL 谱中观察到的 11H 跃迁能量和谱线展宽的温度反常关系解释为起源于氮耦合所引起的定域态,这种样品的谱线特征为随氮成份增加出现红移,氮结合作用的另一个结果是晶体的性质严重退化,明显地表现线宽受温度的影响增大.总之,氮引进系统会观察到GaAs 边带以上的 FkO 导致内建场增大,有低温时高激发态叠加并屏闭在定域态上的部分调制外场作用的倾向.PL 峰能量和线宽对温度的反常关系可以理解为由氮的结合作用引起的形成定域态和去除定域态的竞争结果.     

Al_xGa_(1-x)As-GaAs多层量子阱结构的流体静压光荧光研究

本文对Al_xGa_(1-x)As-GaAs多层量子阱结构的子带间跃迁能的压力关系做了77K低温下的光荧光光谱研究.实验结果表明,未掺杂的量子阱的非本征发光主要来自缺陷的束缚激子d~ox.d~ox束缚激子态在量子阱中的压力系数(5meV/kbar)与体材料中的压力系数(2.7meV/kbar)的比较表明,在量子阱中深中心发生了浅化.通过对不同子带间跃迁能的压力关系测量给出了GaAs Γ谷相应能量点的压力系数,结果表明Γ谷并不是以同一压力系数移动的刚性球.最后测量了量子阱的发光强度随压力的变化.     

InGaAs/GaAs微结构中的载流子动态特性研究

InGaAs/GaAs拉晶格量子阱材料是一种应变型微结构材料,随着结构参数与三元层成份的变化,微结构的电学及光学特性也随之而变,因此有很大的应用前景。 我们对于In_xGa_(1-x)As/GaAs单量子阱材料进行了光致发光谱和时间分辨光致发光谱的研究。 实验所用的仪器包括同步泵浦染料激光器,配合高重复率条纹相机系统,输出的高重复率激光脉冲亮度在10皮秒左右,接收器可以接收1.35eV以上的发光谱。     

In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)As/GaAs和GaAs/Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As量子阱的静压下光致发光的对照研究

在77K,0—60kbar范围内对在同一衬底上生长的In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)As/GaAs和GaAs/Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As量子阱的静压下的光致发光进行了对照研究。在GaAs/Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As量子阱中同时观察到导带到轻重空穴子带的跃迁。而在In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)As/GaAs阱中只观察到导带到重空穴子带的跃迁。与GaAs/Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As的情况相反,In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)As/GaAs 量子阱的光致发光峰的压力系数随阱宽的减小而增加。在压力大于48kbar时观察到多个与间接跃迁有关的发光峰,对此进行了简短的讨论。     

不同阱宽的In_xGa_(1-X)As/GaAs应变量子阱的压力行为

在77K下测量了不同阱宽(30-160A)的In_xCa_(1-x)As/GaAs应变量子阱的静压下光致发光谱.静压范围为0-60kbar.发现导带第一子带到重空穴第一子带的激子发光峰的压力系数从 160A阱的 9.74meV/kbat增加到 30A 阱的 10.12meV/kbar.计算表明,阱变窄时电子波函数向压力系数较大的势垒层中的逐步扩展是压力系数随阱宽变小而增加的原因之一.在压力超过50kbar后观察到两个与间接跃迁有关的发光峰.     

双单量子阱材料的调制光谱研究

本文采用光调制光谱方法测量了GaAs/Ga_(1-x)Al_xAs双单量子阱材料的光调制反射光谱(PR),同时观察到了二个单量子阱中的带间激子跃迁,采用电场调制线形可以拟合出激子跃迁的能量,与简单的有限方势阱模型的计算结果符合。并且由调制反射光谱中的Franz-Keldysh振荡,计算得到材料表面内建电场约为29.3kV/cm。     

量子阱中Be受主的光致发光

报道了掺杂在GaAs体材料中和δ掺杂在一系列GaAs/AlAs多量子阱中的Be受主带间跃迁的光致发光.实验所用样品,GaAs体材料中均匀掺杂Be受主的外延单层和一系列量子阱宽度从3到20nm,并在量子阱中央进行了Be受主δ掺杂的GaAs/AlAs多量子阱样品都是通过分子束外延技术制备的.在4,20,40,80及120K不同温度下,分别对上述样品进行了光致发光谱的测量,清楚地观察到了受主束缚激子从1S3/2(Γ6)基态到同种宇称2S3/2(Γ6)激发态的两空穴跃迁,并从实验上得到了不同量子阱宽度下Be受主从1S3/2(Γ6)到2S3/2(Γ6)态的带间跃迁能量.理论上利用变分原理,在单带有效质量模型和包络函数近似下,数值计算了Be受主1S3/2(Γ6)→2S3/2(Γ6)的跃迁能量随量子阱宽度的变化关系,比较发现理论计算和实验结果符合较好.     

量子阱中Be受主的光致发光

报道了掺杂在GaAs体材料中和δ掺杂在一系列GaAs/AlAs多量子阱中的Be受主带间跃迁的光致发光. 实验所用样品,GaAs体材料中均匀掺杂Be受主的外延单层和一系列量子阱宽度从3到20nm,并在量子阱中央进行了Be受主δ掺杂的GaAs/AlAs多量子阱样品都是通过分子束外延技术制备的. 在4,20,40,80及120K不同温度下,分别对上述样品进行了光致发光谱的测量,清楚地观察到了受主束缚激子从1S3/2(Γ6)基态到同种宇称2S3/2(Γ6)激发态的两空穴跃迁,并从实验上得到了不同量子阱宽度下Be受主从1S3/2(Γ6)到2S3/2(Γ6)态的带间跃迁能量. 理论上利用变分原理,在单带有效质量模型和包络函数近似下,数值计算了Be受主1S3/2(Γ6)→2S3/2(Γ6)的跃迁能量随量子阱宽度的变化关系,比较发现理论计算和实验结果符合较好.     

Performance improvement in tensile-strained In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic HEMT

This paper proposes a In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As (x=0.3-0.5-0.3) metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor with tensile-strained channel. The tensile-strained channel structure exhibits significant improvements in dc and RF characteristics, including extrinsic transconductance, current driving capability, thermal stability, unity-gain cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, output power, power gain, and power added efficiency.     

Very low-noise Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700 mS/mm. At 18 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55 dB with 15.0 dB associated gain was measured. At 60 GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 1.6 dB with 7.6 dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance yet reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.<>     

A 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The mean breakdown voltage of the APD was 57.9 V and the standard deviation was less than 0.1 V. The mean dark current was /spl sim/2 and /spl sim/300 nA, and the standard deviation was /spl sim/0.19 and /spl sim/60 nA at unity gain (V/sub bias/ = 13.5 V) and at 90% of the breakdown voltage, respectively. External quantum efficiency was above 40% in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.6 /spl mu/m. It was /spl sim/57% and /spl sim/45% at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively. A bandwidth of 13 GHz was achieved at low gain.     

Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's)

The properties of both lattice-matched and strained doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's) have been investigated in AlGaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) heterostructures with various indium mole fractions. Through electrical characterization of grown layers in conjunction with the dc and microwave device characteristics, we observed that the introduction of a 150-/spl Aring/ thick strained In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As channel can enhance device performance, compared to the lattice-matched one. However, a degradation of device performance was observed for larger indium mole fractions, up to x=0.25, which is associated with strain relaxation in this highly strained channel. DCFET's also preserved a more reliable performance after biased-stress testings.<>     

Morphological and electrical characterization of SixCryCzBv thin films

Si_xCr_yC_zB_v thin films with several compositions have been studied for integration of high precision resistors in 0.8 μm BICMOS technology. These resistors, integrated in the back-end of line, have the advantage to provide high level of integration and attractive electrical behavior in temperature, for analog devices. The film morphology and the structure have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis and have been then related to the electrical properties on the base of the percolation theory. According to this theory, and in agreement with experimental results, negative thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been obtained for samples with low Cr content, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold.Samples with higher Cr content exhibit, instead, a variation of the TCR as a function of film thickness: negative TCR values are obtained for thickness lower than 5 nm, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold; positive TCR are obtained for larger thickness, indicating the establishment of a continuous conductive path between the Cr rich grains. This property seems to be determinant in order to assure the possibility to obtain thin film resistors almost independent on the temperature.     

Highly linear Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMTs

We report an Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engineering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a composite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 /spl times/100 /spl mu/m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The composite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.     

Comparison between Pt/TiO2/Pt and Pt/TaOX/TaOY/Pt based bipolar resistive switching devices

Nonvolatile memories have emerged in recent years and have become a leading candidate towards replacing dynamic and static random-access memory devices. In this article, the performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ nonvolatile memristive devices were compared and the factors that make TaO₂ memristive devices better than TiO₂ memristive devices were studied. TaO₂ memristive devices have shown better endurance performances (10⁸ times more switching cycles) and faster switching speed (5 times) than TiO₂ memristive devices. Electroforming of TaO₂ memristive devices requires~4.5 times less energy than TiO₂ memristive devices of a similar size. The retention period of TaO₂ memristive devices is expected to exceed 10 years with sufficient experimental evidence. In addition to comparing device performances, this article also explains the differences in physical device structure, switching mechanism, and resistance switching performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ memristive devices. This article summarizes the reasons that give TaO₂ memristive devices the advantage over TiO₂ memristive devices, in terms of electroformation, switching speed, and endurance.     

Electrooptic ferroelectric Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films

We report on waveguiding and electrooptic properties of epitaxial Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/(11_02) single crystal substrates. High optical waveguiding performance has been demonstrated in infrared and visible light. The in-plane electrooptic effect has been recorded in transmission using a transverse geometry. At dc fields, the effective linear electrooptic coefficient was determined to 28 pm/V, which is promising for modulator applications.     

A 1 cm/spl times/1 cm In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 1 cm/spl times/1 cm array of 100 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiodes (APD). The average breakdown voltage was 28.7 V with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 V. The distribution of breakdown voltage across the area followed a radial pattern consistent with a slight epitaxial growth nonuniformity. The mean dark current at a gain of 10, or 6.1 A/W, was 10.3 nA, and none of the 100 APDs had a dark current of more than 25 nA. The bandwidth at a gain of 10 was 6.2 GHz, and the maximum gain-bandwidth product was 140 GHz. This technology is ideally suited for next-generation three-dimensional imaging applications.