Improving Delay and Jitter Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks for Mobile IPTV Services

Wireless mesh networking has recently emerged as a promising technology for the next-generation wireless networks. In wireless mesh networks (WMNs), it is practically attractive to support the low-cost quality-of-service (QoS) guaranteed mobile TV service. To meet this need, our study addresses how to improve the delay and jitter performance of mobile IPTV services over IEEE 802.11 based WMN. Particularly, we first discuss the adaptation of IEEE 802.11 MAC layer to construct a WMN with emphasis on mobile IPTV service; we then develop an enhanced version of Guaranteed-Rate (GR) packet scheduling algorithm, namely virtual reserved rate GR (VRR-GR), to further reduce the delay and suppress the jitter in multiservice network environment. Simulation results show that our proposed approach can satisfyingly prioritize mobile IPTV services in WMN, while providing non-IPTV services with what they need as well.      

Analysis of DLL Jitter due to Voltage-Controlled Delay Line

In this paper we analyze jitter in a delay-locked loop (DLL) due to uncertainties in the voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL). To obtain a closed-form equation for jitter in the DLL, time-domain equations of the DLL are used. The jitter at the intermediate stages of the VCDL and the jitter of a conventional delay cell are analyzed. The simulation results show that the jitter of the DLL due to mismatch of the delay cells is zero at the beginning and end of the VCDL and is highest at the middle of the VCDL. Also, a DLL is designed in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology to show the accuracy of the proposed analytical method.     

一种应用于TDC的低抖动延迟锁相环电路设计

本文采用双延迟线和防错锁控制结构,结合对电荷泵等关键模块版图对称性的匹配控制,设计了一种针对（Time-to-Digital Converter,TDC）应用的宽动态锁定范围、低静态相位误差延迟锁相环（Delay-Locked Loop,DLL）电路.基于TSMC 0.35μm CMOS工艺,完成了电路的仿真和流片验证.测试结果表明,DLL频率锁定范围为40MHz-200MHz;静态相位误差161ps@125MHz;在无噪声输入的理想时钟驱动下,200MHz频率点下的峰-峰值抖动最大为85.3ps,均方根抖动最大为9.44ps,可满足亚纳秒级时间分辨的TDC应用需求.     

周期性业务流通过ATM复用器的时延抖动分析

ＡＴＭ通信网中需要传送多种业务，其中有一类是具有连续比特流的业务，这种业务的发送信元到达时间是周期性的，本文分析了一种周期性信元流通过ＡＴＭ复用器的排队模型，得出信元流排队时延的概率分布，时延抖动的自相关函数的功率谱。     

Modeling Channel Access Delay and Jitter of IEEE 802.11 DCF

With the ever-increasing requirement of WLAN to support real-time services, it is becoming important to study the delay properties of WLAN protocols. This paper constructs a new model to analyze the channel access delay and delay jitter of IEEE 802.11 DCF in saturation traffic condition. Based on this analytical model, average channel access delay and delay jitter are derived for both basic access and RTS/CTS-based access scheme. The accuracy of the analytical model is validated by simulations and furthermore we discuss the impact of initial contention window, maximal backoff stage, and packet size on channel access delay and delay jitter of 802.11 DCF using the proposed model.

On-Chip Random Jitter Testing Using Low Tap-Count Coarse Delay Lines

An on-chip RMS jitter testing technique for design-for-test (DfT) applications is presented in this paper. In addition to utilizing a less complicated low tap-count variable delay line to sample the jitter’s cumulative density function (CDF), a sophisticated post-processing algorithm is developed to enhance process variation tolerance. Our simulation results show that using an eight-tap delay line, the probability of making correct pass/fail decisions is higher than 99% in the presence of up to 30% delay line value deviations.     

Movie Denoising by Average of Warped Lines

Here, we present an efficient method for movie denoising that does not require any motion estimation. The method is based on the well-known fact that averaging several realizations of a random variable reduces the variance. For each pixel to be denoised, we look for close similar samples along the level surface passing through it. With these similar samples, we estimate the denoised pixel. The method to find close similar samples is done via warping lines in spatiotemporal neighborhoods. For that end, we present an algorithm based on a method for epipolar line matching in stereo pairs which has per-line complexity O(N) , where is the number of columns in the image. In this way, when applied to the image sequence, our algorithm is computationally efficient, having a complexity of the order of the total number of pixels. Furthermore, we show that the presented method is unsupervised and is adapted to denoise image sequences with an additive white noise while respecting the visual details on the movie frames. We have also experimented with other types of noise with satisfactory results.     

基于HFC网络和互联网的IPTV云系统

IPTV不是电信的专有,本文介绍一种基于HFC网络和互联网的IPTV云系统,是三网融合的一种新的应用形式,它充分利用HFC网络的视频资源,将IPTV直播前端移至广电传输网络的末端,将广电HFC网络以IP形式延伸最后10米,这样传统的电视机不再是唯一的收视设备,消费者可以通过任何终端设备,如PC、智能手机 、平板电脑、智能电视及游戏机等,享受无处不在的多屏服务。同时系统将字幕、广告的插入点下移到云端智能网关服务器,可以方便地实现差异化、个性化广告,为运营商增收。     

Internet网络延时分析

本文对Internet网络延迟进行了较为全面的分析，介绍了几种减少网络延迟的技术。然后提出一种新的方法，并用排队论加以分析。     

突发大时延下的IP语音缓冲算法

当网络中存在突发大时延时,就会出现极大丢包率或极大端到端时延的情况,从而难以获得好的语音质量。对于这个问题,提出针对突发大时延存在下的自适应语音缓冲算法。算法通过控制语音包在语音缓冲队列中的位置来控制语音包的播放时间,从而可以尽量减小语音裂缝(Gap)的出现。算法将突发大时延存在下的最大丢包率可以扩大到20％,而一般的预测算法只能容忍5-10％的最大丢包率。通过基于听觉模型的客观音质评价(PESQ)仿真计算,以及实际应用表明本文的算法对有突发大时延存在的网络中的语音通信质量有一定的改善作用。     

The Perceptual and Attentive Impact of Delay and Jitter in Multimedia Delivery

In this paper we present the results of a study that examines the user's perception-understood as both information assimilation and subjective satisfaction-of multimedia quality, when impacted by varying network-level parameters (delay and jitter). In addition, we integrate eye-tracking assessment to provide a more complete understanding of user perception of multimedia quality. Results show that delay and jitter significantly affect user satisfaction; variation in video eye path when either no single/obvious point of focus exists or when the point of attention changes dramatically. Lastly, results showed that content variation significantly affected user satisfaction, as well as user information assimilation.     

基于延迟和抖动感知的多播服务功能树嵌入算法

针对软件定义网络/网络功能虚拟化(SDN/NFV)架构中,多播请求流(MRs)需满足严格时延和抖动约束下遍历由多个虚拟网络功能(VNFs)依序组成的服务功能树(SFT)问题。该文提出一种基于最优链路选择函数进行深度优先搜索构建SFT的路由算法。首先,提出网络资源相对成本函数,以保证网络负载自动均衡。其次,联合考虑网络资源、VNF动态放置及多播流延迟和抖动约束,构建SFT动态嵌入问题的整数线性规划模型(ILP)。最后,针对该NP难问题,设计辅助边权图和最优链路选择函数进行路由路径选择,并以最小化资源消耗成本为目标提出具有延迟和抖动感知的SFT嵌入算法(SFT-EA)。仿真结果表明,SFT-EA在吞吐量,流接受率和网络负载均衡方面具有更好的性能。     

Internet网络延迟分析

对Internet网络延迟进行较为全面的分析，指出排队延迟是Internet上的主要延迟，提出一种新的减少网络延迟，改善Internet服务质量的方法，并用排队论加以分析。     

Propagation Delay of an RC-Chain With a Ramp Input

In this brief, two simple semi-analytical models which allow the estimation of the propagation delay of an RC-chain with a linear input are presented. The closed-form models can be used to evaluate the propagation delay of wires in modern VLSI and ULSI processes. The two approximations, a continuous function and a piecewise function, exhibit a maximum error lower than 15% at the end of the chain. The models have been validated extensively through circuit simulations. In particular, 1000 different RC-chains have been considered and simulated demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed models with respect to the most widely used Elmore delay metric     

Multipath Time Delay Jitter Measured at 850 MHz in the Portable Radio Environment

Time delay jitter in digital personal communications systems, caused by moving the antenna by a few wavelengths, was studied at two office buildings and two residences at a frequency of 850 MHz. A wide-band pseudonoice code technique was used. The results indicate that peak-to-peak time delay, variations on the order of 375 ns may be encountered. The worst case jitter was not necessarily found when there was a large time delay spread. It was also found that the excess mean delay and the root mean-square (rms) time delay spread of the delay distribution profiles were approximately the same.     

基于GPS的端到端时延测量方法设计方案

端到端时延是评估Internet的网络性能的重要参数之一,也是近年来的研究热点。由于端到端时延的测量存在收发时钟不同步问题,所以常用的网络时延测量方法大多是通过测往返时延来间接求得端到端时延,测量结果的误差较大。文中基于GPS接收机的同步方法设计出网络时延测量仪来测量端到端时延,解决了收发时钟不同步的问题,提高了测量的精度。