Model Analysis of Initial Hydration and Strueture Forming of Portland Cement

The auto efficiently hydration heat arrangement and the non-contacting electrical resistivity device were used to test the thermology effect and the resistivity variation of Portland cement hydration. The structure forming model of Portland cement initial hydration was established through the systematical experiments with different cements,the amount of mixing water and the chemical admixture.The experimental results show that,the structure forming model of cement could be divided into three stages,i e,solution-solution equilibrium period,structure forming period and structure stabilizing period.Along with the increase of mixing water,the time of inflexion appeared is in advance for thermal process of cement hydration and worsened for the structure forming process.Comparison with the control specimen,adding Na_2SO_4 makes the minimum critical point lower,the flattening period shorter and the growing slope after stage one steeper.So the hydration and structure forming process of Portland cement could be described more exactly by applying thc thermal model and the structure-forming model.     

硅酸盐水泥水化历程与初始结构形成的研究

采用自动高效水化热测定仪及无电极电阻率测定仪研究硅酸盐水泥水化的热学效应及交变电场下电阻率变化，讨论水泥品种、拌和水量对水泥水化初始结构形成及发展的影响，建立硅酸盐水泥水化初始结构形成及发展的结构形成模型。研究表明：初始结构形成模型分为3个阶段：溶解-溶解平衡期、结构形成期及结构稳定期。随着水量的增大，水化热效应表现为促进作用，但是结构形成过程表现为结构弱化；电阻率曲线的特征值及时间数值随水泥品种不同而变化。水化热模型与结构形成模型相结合，可以准确描述水泥初始水化历程及结构瞬时形成状态。     

Influence of Calcium Sulfate State and Fineness of Cement on Hydration of Portland Cements Using Electrical Measurement

1 IntroductionThe calcium sulfate state includes gypsum, hemi-hydrate and anhydrite .Inthe modern Portland cement in-dustry,the gypsumis used as a setting retarder for reac-tion with C3A[1]. With the presence of gypsumin theformof CaSO4·2H2O,the gypsum dissolves and reactsprimarily with C3A and C4AF to form ettringite . Thisettringite isinitiallyformed with a veryfine-needle crystalstructure ,whichforms a diffusion barrier onthe surface ofthe cement . This coating avoids the unwanted fl…     

电阻率法研究磷及石灰对水泥凝结硬化的影响

用非接触式电阻率测试仪研究了不同含量的可溶磷及石灰对水泥早期水化过程中电阻率的影响。结果表明:可溶磷使得水泥早期的电阻率降低,水化进程推迟,且随着可溶磷含量的增加,电阻率呈逐步降低趋势;单独添加石灰对水泥早期水化影响较小;石灰中和可溶磷后可补偿可溶磷的对水化的延期危害,其电导率随时间变化规律与未添加磷、石灰的水泥基本一致。     

电阻率法研究早期水泥净浆孔结构的演变过程

采用无电极电阻率法原位连续监测3种水灰比（0.23、0.35和0.53）水泥净浆早期水化过程中电阻率的变化全过程,同时结合等温量热仪测试的水化程度,建立水泥净浆随时间发展过程中浆体电阻率与孔结构发展的定量关系。结果表明：根据电阻率及其微分曲线的变化规律可以把水泥水化过程分为4个阶段：溶解期、诱导期、加速期和减速期。水灰比越低,毛细孔隙率和收缩因子变小,曲折因子变大,致使浆体电阻率升高,而孔溶液电阻率却下降。     

甲酸钙对水泥浆体抗压强度、水化及孔结构的影响

研究了甲酸钙对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体和硅酸盐水泥浆体抗压强度的影响,采用XRD、压汞法和灼烧法,测试了甲酸钙对水泥浆体水化产物组成、孔结构及化学结合水的影响。结果表明：甲酸钙能加速水泥的水化,促进Ca（OH）2的生成,提高水泥浆体的水化程度;甲酸钙能明显改善水泥浆体的孔结构,减少孔隙率和细化孔径;甲酸钙对P·O42．5普通硅酸盐水泥浆体早期强度的提升要比对P·152．5硅酸盐水泥的效果好。     

Coupled effect of cement hydration and temperature on hydraulic behavior of cemented tailings backfill

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) is made by mixing cement, tailings and water together, thus cement hydration and water seepage flow are the two crucial factors affecting the quality of CTB. Cement hydration process can release significant amount of heat to raise the temperature of CTB and in turn increase the rate of cement hydration. Meanwhile, the progress of cement hydration consumes water and produces hydration products to change the pore structures within CTB, which further influences the hydraulic behavior of CTB. In order to understand the hydraulic behavior of CTB, a numerical model was developed by coupling the hydraulic,thermal and hydration equations. This model was then implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the evolutions of temperature and water seepage flow within CTB versus curing time. The predicted outcomes were compared with correspondent experimental results, proving the validity and availability of this model. By taking advantage of the validated model, effects of various initial CTB and curing temperatures, cement content, and CTB's geometric shapes on the hydraulic behavior of CTB were demonstrated numerically. The presented conclusions can contribute to preparing more environmentally friendly CTB structures.     

Electrical measurement to assess hydration process and the porosity formation

The change of electrical resistivity with time at early ages was used to investigate the hydration process and the porosity development. Porosity reduction process of cement-based materials hydration was developed by a proposed method. The porosity reduction is fast at the setting period. The results find that the pore discontinuity occurs faster at lower water/cement ratios than at higher water/cement ratios which is similar to the results of the Percolation method.     

硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的试验研究

研究了不同比例的硅酸盐、硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的凝结时间、水泥砂浆的强度性能,并对一定混合比例的OPC-SAC水泥进行了XRD、SEM和水化量热测试。结果表明,硅酸盐水泥与硫铝酸盐水泥混合,SAC中的C4A3-S矿物与OPC中的C3S矿物在共同水化过程中有相互促进的作用,会使混合水泥水化和凝结加速;混合水泥的强度性能与两种水泥的混合比例有关。本研究可对硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥混合体系的应用提供借鉴。     

Effect of Fine Steel Slag Powder on the Early Hydration Process of Portland Cement

1 IntroductionSteel slag is the waste residue of fluxing mineralsused in the process of steel producing. Its dischargeamount is about 10 % of the production of steel . Steelslag hasn’t been utilized widely and effectively in a longperiod of time[1]. Hundreds of million tons of steel slagare deposited,andthe amount is still increasing withtensof milliontons every year .The deposited steel slag occu-pies great amounts of farmlands and induces serious en-vironment problems . The main chemical c…     

低水胶比掺膨胀剂的水泥水化特性

应用XRD、TG-DTA和温度测量等方法，研究了低水胶比条件下普硅水泥和膨胀水泥的水化特点。结果发现，膨胀水泥水化各龄期中AFt的含量和CH的早期含量明显增加，水化后期CH量则与普硅水泥石基本相当。膨胀水泥硬化浆体的后期膨胀主要依靠凝胶状AFt吸水肿胀而形成驱动力。膨胀刑的组分对膨胀水泥的水化热有明显影响，如果膨胀剂含有硫铝酸盐类矿物，则可能造成体系水化热的升高。     

The Properties of Cement Mortars Modified by Emulsified Epoxy and Micro-fine Slag

1　IntroductionDuetotheirexcellentworkability ,highcompressiveandtensilestrength ,goodimpermeability ,highcorrosion-resistingperformancesagainstacid ,alkaliandsalt,thecement basedmaterialsmodifiedbypolymershaveratherwideapplicationfields .Amongthevariouspolymers ,epoxyresinhasmanyadvantages :(1)Highbondingstrength .Fattygrouphydroxyl,etherandepoxy based ,areinvolvedinthemolecularstructureofepoxyresin .Thepolaritiesofhydroxylandethercauseelectromagnetismorchemicaladsorptionbetweentheepoxyresin…     

钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料的水化性能和微观形貌

通过测定矿渣和钢渣部分取代水泥构成的钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料(SBC-CCM)的物相组成和80h内的水化热,研究了SBC-CCM试样的微观形貌和水化性能,并用正交试验结果分析了SBC-CCM中钢渣-矿渣的最佳掺量和比例。结果表明:SBC-CCM的水化过程和水化产物的物相组成与硅酸盐水泥的相似,矿渣在水化早期参与反应,钢渣在水化早期呈惰性;SBC-CCM的80h水化放热量和放热速率均低于水泥相应的数值;正交试验结果表明水胶比对SBC-CCM强度的影响最显著,矿渣-钢渣的最佳质量比为2∶1。     

Physical Properties and Hydration of Cementitious Materials Prepared from Vanadium Slag and Phosphate Slag

The physical properties and hydration of a cementitious material, which prepared mainly from the vanadium slag and phosphate slag, were investigated. These slags were investigated can be reused as original resources to prepare cement clinker based on the fact that they mainly comprise silicon and calcium phases, respectively. In this research, a batch of cement having various grades was prepared by mixing the clinker with gypsum, tailings, and fly ash. X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermogravimetric(DTG) as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to test and analyze the physical properties and hydration of the prepared cement. Experimental results suggest that the performances of the cement meet the requirements of national standards in all aspects. Its hydration process is similar to that of common Portland cement, whose hydrates were mainly composed of C-S-H, ettringite and CH. Moreover, the addition of fine particles would accelerate cement hydration, as it provided additional surfaces to help the nucleating and growing of hydrates.     

复合浆体中粉煤灰和水泥水化反应程度的测定

采用盐酸选择溶解法测定粉煤灰的水化程度,再结合水化热法计算复合浆体中水泥的水化程度。试样结果表明,在水化早期粉煤灰仅作为惰性材料填充于复合浆体的孔隙中。随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,水泥的水化程度越高,单位体积中水化产物的总体数量仍为减少。     

Hydration heat effect of cement pastes modified with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and expanded perlite

Hydration heat effect of cement pastes and mechanism of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) and expanded perlite in cement pastes were studied by means of hydration exothermic rate, hydration heat amount, FTIR and TG-DTG. The results show that HPMC can significantly delay the hydration induction period and acceleration period of cement pastes. As mixing amount increased, hydration induction period of cement pastes enlarged and accelerated period gradually went back. At the same time, the amount of hydration heat gradually decreased. Expanded perlite had worse delay effects and less change of hydration heat amount of cement pastes than HPMC. HPMC changed the structure of C-S-H during cement hydration. The more amount of HPMC, the more obvious effect. However, EXP had little influence on the structure of C-S-H. At the same age, the content of Ca (OH)2 in cement pastes gradually decreased as the mixing amount increase of HPMC and expanded perlite, and had better delay effect than that single-doped with HPMC or expanded perlite when HPMC and expanded perlite were both doped in cement pastes.     

Early age properties of cementitious materials by electrical resistivity measurement

Three cement pastes were prepared with the fixed water-binder ratio and different fly ash contents. The compression test and electrical resistivity measurement of the paste mixes were conducted during 48 h. The changes of the CH content and the non-evaporable water content in the cement-fly ash hydration systems with time were obtained by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that dilution effect of fly ash as micro-filler is dominant mechanism before 48 h, which appears to decrease in the CH content and the non-evaporable water content, also in compressive strength and electrical resistivity, with the increase of fly ash replacement. The relationships between CH content, non-evaporable water content and electrical resistivity show that electrical resistivity can be the indicators of hydration products CH and non-evaporable water. The correlation of the compressive strength f _c and the electrical resistivity ρ can be obtained as f _c =8.3429 ρ = 6.7088 for the period of 48 h. The early age compressive strength can then be predicted by electrical resistivity measurement.     

水泥基材料早期水化特性与体积稳定性的关系

采用五路裂缝测定仪和非接触式电阻率测定仪，分别测试了水泥砂浆在干燥条件下约束收缩开裂的初裂时间与相应水泥浆体早期水化24h内的电阻率变化，分析研究了水泥浆体在非常早期水化中的电阻率极小值与相应砂浆的初裂时间的关系，结果发现二者之间具有较好的线性相关性（相关系数〉0．90）。机理研究表明在水泥类型和骨料确定的条件下，胶凝材料体系初始水化的液相特征是影响早期收缩开裂的关键；不同化学与矿物外加剂及微量组分（可溶碱）的添加将通过改变水化的液相特征而影响水化物的初始形成速率、形貌、分散性及其生长能力等，最终影响材料的体积稳定性。     

环保型GSF胶结料水化硬化机理研究

GSF胶结料是利用石膏尾矿、高炉矿渣、粉煤灰等工业废渣与少量激发剂混合配制的一种新型胶凝材料。着重研究了GSF胶结料水化动力学特征、水化产物和硬化机理,研究表明GSF胶结料水化硬化机理有别于普通硅酸盐水泥。     

The Electrical Resistivity of Cement Paste Incorporated with Retarder

1　IntroductionThefunctionoftheretarderistooffsetthesettingtimeofcement basedmaterials .Thus ,itdelaysboththeinitialsettingandfinalsetting .Thecommonmethodtode terminethesettingtimesadoptsthepenetrationresis tance .Theindirectmethodistousetheelectricalresis tivity[1,2 ] tomeasurecementhydrationcurveandthentocomparewiththesettingtime .Previousresearchersusedtheelectrodestomeasuretheelectricalresistivitythatwillcausethecontactproblemsbetweenthecement basedma terialsandelectrodes .Inthispaper ,a…