机翼前缘蒙皮拉形工艺参数优化与试验

飞机机翼前缘蒙皮,由于其形状和成形材料的特点使拉形结束卸载回弹后会产生较大的回弹量,对零件的成形质量影响较大。文章分析机翼前缘蒙皮零件的典型成形方案,确定主要加载轨迹参数,利用正交试验设计方法设计拉形工艺方案,通过有限元模拟和结果分析,获得了主要工艺参数对成形零件回弹量的影响规律。针对某前缘蒙皮零件,根据有限元分析结果,对工艺参数进行设计和优化,通过生产性试验,获得了成形质量较好的试验零件,并进行厚度、应变测量和对比分析,验证了有限元模拟的精度。     

船用双曲率板件冷压成形回弹模拟与试验

针对船用双曲率板件冷压成形,选取以弯曲变形方式为主的冲压方向,能够提高零件冷压成形性能,但是,回弹是板料弯曲成形中不可避免的问题之一,严重影响了板件冷压成形精度。分别采用动力显示算法与静力隐式算法对双曲率板件冷压成形与卸载回弹过程进行有限元模拟,并基于回弹预测对模具进行了3次迭代补偿设计。板料最终厚度减小不超过10%、增加不超过5%,未产生严重减薄与起皱缺陷,零件成形尺寸与设计尺寸之间的偏差小于3 mm,形状偏差降低了50%以上,有效地提高了其成形精度。对该双曲率板件进行冷压成形试验,通过测量零件形状和尺寸,验证了零件的冷压成形符合设计要求。     

多点拉形中回弹的数值模拟

对多点拉形成形蒙皮类零件的成形和回弹过程进行了数值模拟。分析了弹性垫厚度及曲率对回弹和成形精度的影响。结果表明,弹性垫厚度越大,回弹量越大,形状误差也越大;圆柱面件曲率半径越小,回弹量越大,形状误差增加值越大;环面件的曲率半径越大,回弹量越大,对成形件形状误差影响越大;回弹对单曲度成形件的影响比双曲度的成形件的影响要大。     

JSTAMP／NV在B400／780DP钢板零件中的回弹分析

回弹是板料冲压成形后存在的一种普遍现象,其产生机理是模具卸载后零件所产生的反向弹性变形。零件的最后回弹量是其整个成形过程的累积效应,最终形状取决于成形后的回弹量,回弹的存在使零件尺寸精度降低,从而增加了试模、修模工作量。随着汽车和航空工业的发展．为了减轻质量．节约能源．提高安全性,大量使用高强度金属薄板。与此同时,对薄板壳类零件成形精度的要求越来越高,因此如何控制零件的回弹已成为目前工业领域普遍关注的热点。通过有限元仿真在零件试模前对零件成形后出现的回弹量进行预测,并在模具的设计过程中对回弹进行补偿．对提高冲压件的产品质量及生产效率具有重要意义,其关键是如何获取用于指导模具设计的高精度回弹预测值。     

轮罩拉深成形的回弹补偿模拟分析

针对轮罩的回弹会严重影响零件的形状和尺寸精度的问题,提出了通过模具补偿降低轮罩回弹的方法。在对轮罩成形进行回弹仿真分析的基础上,根据回弹变形后的形状与期望形状的偏差对初始模具型面进行修正,使得冲压件过正成形,对覆盖件进行回弹补偿。回弹补偿模拟分析结果表明,一次补偿后回弹量得到明显改善,回弹量控制在0.65mm以内,减少回弹量56个百分点,满足了工程设计要求,大大减少了反复试模、修模的工作量,降低了冲压件的制造成本,缩短了新产品的开发周期。     

一种带有回弹补偿的钛合金钣金热成形工艺

钛合金零件热成形后的型面回弹是钛合金钣金成形工艺中亟待解决的重要问题。文章针对典型的钛合金弯曲类零件,采用数值解析法与几何修正法确定零件回弹前的型面尺寸,并在此基础上设计带有回弹补偿的热成形模具。结合工艺试验确认并优化了相关热成形工艺参数,有效控制了钛合金零件热成形过程的外形精度,实现了零件的精确成形。     

TC2钛异形管热挤压成形工艺

在化工行业中,钛异形管是一种广泛应用的标准结构件,其几何形状直接影响装配质量.在成形加工中,由于钛合金材料塑性变形范围窄小,回弹严重,成形困难,大回弹造成零件贴模性差等问题,并在变形连接区易造成表面粗糙、开裂、褶皱和偏心等缺陷,零件的形状和几何精度受到影响,也造成极大的报废.为此,探讨一种高效、经济、实用的成形加工工艺是十分必要的.     

基于CAE技术的板件回弹补偿

板料成形的回弹问题非常复杂,同时回弹影响零件成形精度,增加试模、修模的工作量,故在生产实际中需要采取行之有效的措施控制回弹。针对此问题,介绍一种利用CAE软件模拟来控制回弹的方法,用DYNAFORM确定出零件的回弹量,根据回弹量进行回弹补偿,然后采用ThinkDesign软件进行回弹补偿的工具曲面操作,仿真结果显示采用此方法进行回弹补偿符合精度要求。     

汽车覆盖件成形回弹仿真及模面优化研究

回弹是汽车覆盖件冲压成形时产生的主要质量缺陷之一,直接影响到覆盖件产品的尺寸精度和最终形状。以某汽车覆盖件为例,利用板料成形仿真软件Dynaform实现了零件的冲压成形和回弹模拟,重点预测了实际板料冲压成形后可能出现的回弹量,并优化模具型面来控制回弹。通过将仿真结果与实际生产合格零件作对比,验证了优化方案的合理性和仿真模拟的准确性,对汽车覆盖件模具生产制造具有重要的指导意义。     

一种橡皮囊成形弯边零件的回弹补偿方法

在橡皮囊成形后的卸载阶段,由于钣金件内部残余应力的释放必然导致回弹,有时会造成制件几何尺寸超差、甚至报废。针对该问题,提出了采用经验公式法对曲线弯边的半径和弯曲型面进行补偿的算法,克服了有限元模拟位移调整法中多次迭代效率低、回弹补偿精度不高等问题,只需考虑钣金件的材料参数和几何尺寸,并配合二次开发软件即可快速生成曲线弯边零件的模具补偿工作型面。对典型的直弯边零件进行工艺试验验证,结果表明,弯边后零件的回弹角随着成形压力的增加而减小,回弹后零件的圆角半径与角度可控制在允许精度范围之内。     

基于Yoshida-Uemori硬化模型的高强钢冲压件回弹预测研究

基于LS-DYNA软件对高强钢薄板零件的冲压成形进行仿真分析与回弹预测,研究了不同材料硬化模型对回弹预测精度的影响。在仿真分析中应用各向同性硬化模型和考虑包申格效应的Yoshida-Uemori随动硬化模型,将模拟回弹值同试验回弹量进行比较,验证了Yoshida-Uemori材料模型在高强钢回弹预测中的可靠性,为实际生产中模具设计及修正提供理论指导。     

Simulation of springback variation in forming of advanced high strength steels

Variations in the mechanical and dimensional properties of the incoming material, lubrication and other forming process parameters are the main causes of springback variation. Variation of springback prevents the applicability of the springback prediction and compensation techniques. Hence, it leads to amplified variations and problems during assembly of the stamped components, in turn, resulting in quality issues. To predict the variation of springback and to improve the robustness of the forming process, variation simulation analysis could be adopted in the early design stage. Design of experiment (DOE) and finite element analysis (FEA) approach was used for the variation simulation and analysis of the springback for advanced high strength steel (AHSS) parts. To avoid the issues caused by the deterministic FEA simulation, random number generation was used to introduce uncertainties in DOE. This approach was, then, applied to investigate the effects of variations in material, blank holder force and friction on the springback variation for an open-channel shaped part made of dual phase (DP) steel. This approach provides a rapid and accurate understanding of the influence of the random process variations on the springback variation of the formed part using FEA techniques eliminating the need for lengthy and costly physical experiments.     

Finite element simulation of the manufacturing process chain of a sheet metal assembly

An increasing number of components in automotive structures are today made from advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Since AHSS demonstrates more severe springback behaviour than ordinary mild steels, it requires more efforts to meet the design specification of the stamped parts. Consequently, the physical fine tuning of the die design and the stamping process can be time consuming. The trial-and-error development process may be shortened by replacing most of the physical try-outs with finite element (FE) simulations of the forming process, including the springback behaviour. Still it can be hard to identify when a stamped part will lead to an acceptable assembly with respect to the geometry and the residual stress state. In part since the assembling process itself will distort the components. To resolve this matter it is here proposed to extend the FE-simulation of the stamping process, to also include the first level sub-assembly stage. In this study a methodology of sequentially simulating each step in the manufacturing process of an assembly is proposed. Each step of the proposed methodology is described, and a validation of the prediction capabilities is performed by comparing with a physically manufactured assembly. The assembly is composed of three sheet metal components made from DP600 steel which are joined by spot welding. The components are designed to exhibit severe springback behaviour in order to put both the forming and subsequent assembling simulations to the test. The work presented here demonstrates that by using virtual prototyping it is possible to predict the final shape of an assembled structure.     

高强钢板冲压位移回弹补偿技术研究与应用

回弹是高强钢板零件冲压中的一大难题,当前工程应用中仍然依赖大量修模解决回弹问题。该文采用全工序仿真计算和回弹补偿方法,提高回弹计算的数值模拟精度;利用位移回弹补偿原理,对拉延型面和修边型面进行回弹补偿,使冲压回弹后的零件尺寸满足设计产品的精度要求。该研究提高了高强钢冲压件的质量,实际生产的应用效果良好。     

高强度双相钢DP800成形件碰撞性能仿真分析

针对双相钢板DP800,在完成U型梁冲压成形及回弹仿真分析的基础上,建立了闭口帽型梁的碰撞分析模型。采用映射的方法完成冲压成形件U型梁的厚度、应力、应变向碰撞结构件的结果传递。在考虑成形、回弹及应变率等多种因素的影响下,对帽型梁的碰撞过程进行了多工况仿真分析。研究结果表明,成形后的材料厚度变化、残余应力、加工硬化以及应变率,对碰撞过程将产生直接的影响。研究结果为提高汽车碰撞仿真分析的精度提供了参考。     

高强钢精密冲压件回弹量预测及控制研究

运用Dynaform软件建立高强钢板DP590的U形件有限元模型,进行了恒定压变力、恒定冲压速度条件下的回弹预测,并通过相同条件下的实验验证了回弹预测的准确性。为实现高强钢精密冲压件回弹的智能控制,进行了变冲压速度和变压边力条件下的U形件的拉深试验。其试验结果表明,采用变压力技术比变冲压速度技术更能有效地控制高强钢精密冲压件的回弹。     

基于数值模拟的板料冲压成形回弹补偿方法

板料冲压中的回弹误差可以通过修正模具形状得到解决。基于冲压及回弹数值模拟,以控制系统、傅立叶变换及传递函数为理论基础,提出了一种模具回弹补偿的修正算法并开发了springbackcom系统。该方法通过两组小量变化的模具及其数值模拟得到回弹前后冲压件,建立模具形状传递函数,修正模具形状。利用此方法对某车引擎盖冲压过程进行了数值模拟及回弹补偿的实例验证,分析结果证明此回弹补偿方法是有效的,具有工程实用价值。     

Modeling and FE Simulation of Quenchable High Strength Steels Sheet Metal Hot Forming Process

High strength steel (HSS) sheet metal hot forming process is investigated by means of numerical simulations. With regard to a reliable numerical process design, the knowledge of the thermal and thermo-mechanical properties is essential. In this article, tensile tests are performed to examine the flow stress of the material HSS 22MnB5 at different strains, strain rates, and temperatures. Constitutive model based on phenomenological approach is developed to describe the thermo-mechanical properties of the material 22MnB5 by fitting the experimental data. A 2D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the HSS sheet metal hot forming process for U-channel part. The ABAQUS/explicit model is used conduct the hot forming stage simulations, and ABAQUS/implicit model is used for accurately predicting the springback which happens at the end of hot forming stage. Material modeling and FE numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of the processing parameters on the hot forming process. The processing parameters have significant influence on the microstructure of U-channel part. The springback after hot forming stage is the main factor impairing the shape precision of hot-formed part. The mechanism of springback is advanced and verified through numerical simulations and tensile loading-unloading tests. Creep strain is found in the tensile loading-unloading test under isothermal condition and has a distinct effect on springback. According to the numerical and experimental results, it can be concluded that springback is mainly caused by different cooling rats and the nonhomogengeous shrink of material during hot forming process, the creep strain is the main factor influencing the amount of the springback.     

补偿回弹的冲压件模具设计方法

回弹是金属板料冲压中的主要缺陷之一,它可以通过修正模具形状加以解决.基于对经过成形--回弹的有限元数值模拟,提出一种循环位移补偿回弹修正模具型面的方法.它基于对经过成形--回弹有限元数值模拟得到的成形工件与目标工件多次循环比较,用成形工件结点回弹位移修正实验模具形状,直到利用修正的模具能够换获得满意的工件为止.利用此方法对一小型三维铝合金板料冲压工件的冲压模具设计过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,通过两次修正的模具可获得满意工件.并根据模拟得到的型面制作模具进行了实冲实验,证明此补偿回弹的模具修正法是有效的.     

Pulsed electrohydraulic springback calibration of parts stamped from advanced high strength steel

Electrohydraulic calibration (EHC) of springback is a novel method of removing springback from stamped sheet metal panels and is based upon the electro-hydraulic effect: a complex phenomenon related to the discharge of high voltage electrical current through a liquid. The EHC process involves clamping a stamped panel against a female die with the desired part shape and then applying several pulses of pressure onto and through the thickness of the sheet, in a process somewhat similar to conventional coining operations. However, in EHC the pressure is applied by a fluid and through the use of the electrohydraulic effect, and not with a matching hard tool as done in coining. In EHC, electrical energy is stored in a bank of capacitors and is converted into kinetic energy within the liquid by rapidly discharging the stored energy across a pair of electrodes submerged in a fluid. The objective of this paper is to describe the newly developed EHC process, to report the results of early proof-of-concept experiments, to present the results of more advanced experiments using a more industrial tool and actual part geometry, and to describe how numerical modeling techniques were used to optimize the design of the larger and more industrial tool. The developed concept of electrohydraulic stress relieving calibration is based upon clamping a stamped panel to the calibration die surface with the target shape and then applying pulses of pressure to eliminate internal stresses in the stamped panel. When a stamped blank is removed from a forming die, allowed to springback, and then clamped to a calibration die, the internal elastic stresses within the panel in such a configuration serve as a memory of the shape of the blank after springback, and it is these residual stresses that EH calibration is intended to remove from the panel. The developed concept of stress relieving calibration was initially validated by a simple experiment consisting of submerging a bent strip of aluminum into the fluid within an EH chamber, so that both the outer and inner surfaces of the strip (where the internal stresses from bending are located) were exposed to the fluid and the pressure pulse. This experiment served as an initial confirmation that impact with the tool is not necessary to achieve the calibration effect. The sheet metal materials used in this study, and for which springback was eliminated after forming, include DP 980 at 1.0 mm and 1.4 mm thick, and also DP600 at 1.0 mm thick.