A practical ontology query expansion algorithm for semantic-aware learning objects retrieval

Following the rapid development of Internet, particularly web page interaction technology, distant e-learning has become increasingly realistic and popular. To solve the problems associated with sharing and reusing teaching materials in different e-learning systems, several standard formats, including SCORM, IMS, LOM, and AICC, etc., recently have been proposed by several different international organizations. SCORM LOM, namely learning object metadata, facilitates the indexing and searching of learning objects in a learning object repository through extended sharing and searching features. However, LOM suffers a weakness in terms of semantic-awareness capability. Most information retrieval systems assume that users have cognitive ability regarding their needs. However, in e-learning systems, users may have no idea of what they are looking for and the learning object metadata. This study presents an ontological approach for semantic-aware learning object retrieval. This approach has two significant novel features: a fully automatic ontology-based query expansion algorithm for inferring and aggregating user intention based on their original short query, and another “ambiguity removal” procedure for correcting inappropriate user query terms. This approach is sufficiently generic to be embedded to other LOM-based search mechanisms for semantic-aware learning object retrieval.Focused on digital learning material and contrasted to other traditional keyword-based search technologies, the proposed approach has experimentally demonstrated significantly improved retrieval precision and recall rate.     

An image retrieval system with automatic query modification

Most interactive "query-by-example" based image retrieval systems utilize relevance feedback from the user for bridging the gap between the user's implied concept and the low-level image representation in the database. However, traditional relevance feedback usage in the context of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) may not be very efficient due to a significant overhead in database search and image download time in client-server environments. In this paper, we propose a CBIR system that efficiently addresses the inherent subjectivity in user perception during a retrieval session by employing a novel idea of intra-query modification and learning. The proposed system generates an object-level view of the query image using a new color segmentation technique. Color, shape and spatial features of individual segments are used for image representation and retrieval. The proposed system automatically generates a set of modifications by manipulating the features of the query segment(s). An initial estimate of user perception is learned from the user feedback provided on the set of modified images. This largely improves the precision in the first database search itself and alleviates the overheads of database search and image download. Precision-to-recall ratio is improved in further iterations through a new relevance feedback technique that utilizes both positive as well as negative examples. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed system.     

高适应性企业信息查询扩展系统设计与实现

高效企业信息检索已成为信息检索领域的重点和难点,讨论了企业信息检索相关技术的发展,设计并实现了一个基于概念的企业信息检索系统,利用查询扩展算法对用户输入的关键词进行语义扩展：利用专业词典查找同义词,通过学习指定文档集合找出关联词,并允许用户自定义关联词进行扩展,从而实现真正意义上的概念搜索。系统设计充分考虑可适应性及平台无关性问题,其层次间独立的结构设计使得系统字典可替换,可用于不同行业不同平台的企业信息查询,特别适合中小型企业的轻型简便应用。     

基于互信息的问句语义扩展研究

用户习惯用很少的关键字来检索所需的信息,这必然会导致出现用户所检索的信息与得到的信息有所偏差.针对这一现象,提出了基于互信息的问句语义扩展模型(QSE_BMI).它的好处在于可以根据用户自己制定的兴趣模型和输入的查询问句,检索出与用户兴趣相匹配的并且符合用户需要的相关信息.     

Pseudo-relevance feedback based query expansion using boosting algorithm

Artificial Intelligence Review - Retrieving relevant documents from a large set using the original query is a formidable challenge. A generic approach to improve the retrieval process is realized...     

An evolutionary game theory based approach for query expansion

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In Information Retrieval (IR) Systems, an essential technique employed to improve accuracy and efficiency is Query Expansion (QE). QE is the technique that...     

基于概念图的信息检索的查询扩展模型

针对传统的基于关键词匹配的信息检索存在的查全率和精确率不高的问题,提出一种基于概念图匹配的查询扩展方法：一方面通过知网对用户查询的词或者句子进行扩展后,将用户查询和文档生成概念图;另一方面利用概念图的不完全匹配和语义相似度的计算方法计算概念图的相似度,以提高检索效果。实验结果表明该方法取得了良好的效果。     

A personalized query expansion approach for engineering document retrieval

Engineers create engineering documents with their own terminologies, and want to search existing engineering documents quickly and accurately during a product development process. Keyword-based search methods have been widely used due to their ease of use, but their search accuracy has been often problematic because of the semantic ambiguity of terminologies in engineering documents and queries. The semantic ambiguity can be alleviated by using a domain ontology. Also, if queries are expanded to incorporate the engineer’s personalized information needs, the accuracy of the search result would be improved. Therefore, we propose a framework to search engineering documents with less semantic ambiguity and more focus on each engineer’s personalized information needs. The framework includes four processes: (1) developing a domain ontology, (2) indexing engineering documents, (3) learning user profiles, and (4) performing personalized query expansion and retrieval. A domain ontology is developed based on product structure information and engineering documents. Using the domain ontology, terminologies in documents are disambiguated and indexed. Also, a user profile is generated from the domain ontology. By user profile learning, user’s interests are captured from the relevant documents. During a personalized query expansion process, the learned user profile is used to reflect user’s interests. Simultaneously, user’s searching intent, which is implicitly inferred from the user’s task context, is also considered. To retrieve relevant documents, an expanded query in which both user’s interests and intents are reflected is then matched against the document collection. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can substantially outperform both the keyword-based approach and the existing query expansion method in retrieving engineering documents. Reflecting a user’s information needs precisely has been identified to be the most important factor underlying this notable improvement.     

基于LazyDFA的XPath在XML数据流上查询优化算法

针对XML数据流上XPath查询处理及查询优化问题,给出了一种基于lazyDFA技术的解决方案,并提出了优化算法。共享NFA状态表,通过将NFA中的状态分成共享和独享两个状态集来降低lazyDFA的内存使用量;建立状态转移表优化算法通过在lazyDFA状态结构中增加一个状态转移表,来提高lazyDFA的查询速度。实验结果表明,提出的方法能够在执行效率和空间代价方面优于传统算法。     

基于文档平滑和查询扩展的文档敏感信息检测方法

由于办公终端可能出现敏感信息泄露的风险,对终端上的文档进行敏感信息检测就显得十分重要,但现有敏感信息检测方法中存在上下文信息无关的索引导致文档建模不准确、查询语义扩展不充分的问题。为此,首先提出基于上下文的文档索引平滑算法,构建尽可能保留文档信息的索引;然后改进查询语义扩展算法,结合领域本体中概念敏感度适当扩大敏感信息检测范围;最后将文档平滑和查询扩展融合于语言模型,在其基础上提出了文档敏感信息检测方法。将采用不同索引机制、查询关键字扩展算法及检测模型的四种方法进行比较,所提出的算法在文档敏感信息检测中的查全率、准确率和F值分别为0.798,0.786和0.792,各项性能指标均明显优于对比算法。结果表明该算法是一种能更有效检测敏感信息的方法。     

HQE: A hybrid method for query expansion

Query expansion methods have been extensively studied in information retrieval. This paper proposes a query expansion method. The HQE method employs a combination of ontology-based collaborative filtering and neural networks to improve query expansion. In the HQE method, ontology-based collaborative filtering is used to analyze semantic relationships in order to find the similar users, and the radial basis function (RBF) networks are used to acquire the most relevant web documents and their corresponding terms from these similar users’ queries. The method can improve the precision and only requires users to provide less query information at the beginning than traditional collaborative filtering methods.     

P2P资源智能查询策略的研究与设计

提高资源搜索效率、提高网络的扩展性一直是P2P网络的关键技术问题。在分析现有的P2P网络资源搜索的算法及其存在的问题的基础上,作者提出并设计了一种基于最近Query消息查询记录表、本地资源推荐路由表相结合的智能查询策略。能在保持原有搜索覆盖率的前提下,提高网络资源搜索效率,减少Query冗余信息,提高了网络的扩展性。     

基于查询扩展的人名消歧

针对现有很多基于特征的人名消歧方法不适用于文档本身特征稀疏的问题,提出一种借助丰富的互联网资源,使用搜索引擎查询并扩展出更多与文档相关特征的方法。首先根据搜索引擎的特性构建了四类查询规则,然后通过这些查询规则进行搜索并返回前k个文档,最后对这些文档使用文档频率(DF)方法进行特征选择,并将选择的特征加入到原文档中。实验证明,该方法能显著提高人名消歧系统的性能,平均F值由76%增加到81%。     

A hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm for content based image retrieval

Relevance feedback methods in CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) iteratively use relevance information from the user to search the space for other relevant samples. As several regions of interest may be scattered through the space, an effective search algorithm should balance the exploration of the space to find new potential regions of interest and the exploitation of areas around samples which are known relevant. However, many algorithms concentrate the search on areas which are close to the images that the user has marked as relevant, according to a distance function in the (possibly deformed) multidimensional feature space. This maximizes the number of relevant images retrieved at the first iterations, but limits the discovery of new regions of interest and may leave unexplored a large section of the space. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid approach that uses a scattered search algorithm based on NSGA II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) only at the first iteration of the relevance feedback process, and then switches to an exploitation algorithm. The combined approach has been tested on three databases and in combination with several other methods. When the hybrid method does not produce better results from the first iteration, it soon catches up and improves both precision and recall.     

基于Deep Web检索的查询结果处理技术的应用

针对当前Deep Web信息检索中Web数据库返回的查询结果页面内容多样、形式各异、有效信息难以提取等不足,将信息抽取与数据融合技术加以改进,提出了对查询结果页面进行处理的技术.该技术通过对HTML页面解析、信息过滤、分块、剪枝、提取抽取规则,实现了有效信息的自动抽取.通过建立合并规则、去重规则、清洗规则,实现了数据的有效融合,并最终以统一的模式进行存储.最后,通过相关项目应用,验证了该技术的有效性和实用性.     

Personalized query suggestion diversification in information retrieval

Query suggestions help users refine their queries after they input an initial query.Previous work on query suggestion has mainly concentrated on approaches that are similarity-based or context-based,developing models that either focus on adapting to a specific user(personalization)or on diversifying query aspects in order to maximize the probability of the user being satisfied(diversification).We consider the task of generating query suggestions that are both personalized and diversified.We propose a personalized query suggestion diversification(PQSD)model,where a user's long-term search behavior is injected into a basic greedy query suggestion diversification model that considers a user's search context in their current session.Query aspects are identified through clicked documents based on the open directory project(ODP)with a latent dirichlet allocation(LDA)topic model.We quantify the improvement of our proposed PQSD model against a state-of-the-art baseline using the public america online(AOL)query log and show that it beats the baseline in terms of metrics used in query suggestion ranking and diversification.The experimental results show that PQSD achieves its best performance when only queries with clicked documents are taken as search context rather than all queries,especially when more query suggestions are returned in the list.     

基于语义的概念查询扩展

针对当前信息检索系统中所存在查准率低和查全率低的情况,分析了当前检索系统中常用的方法后,提出了一种基于语义的概念查询扩展方法.该方法结合概念语义空间来实现用户检索的概念查询扩展,以达到提高查准率和查全率的目的.实验结果表明,该方法相对于传统方法可以大幅提高用户检索的查准率和查全率.