RSU-based message authentication for vehicular ad-hoc networks

Message authentication that ensures a message is genuine and verifies the source of the sender is a key issue in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Because messages may provide life-critical traffic information or emergency messages transmitted by unfamiliar sources. Because the vehicle in a VANET transmits messages in real-time in a high-mobility environment, traditional PKI security schemes are not suitable for VANET. The use of roadside units (RSUs) makes message authentication in VANET easy, but it also causes two problems and needed to be solved: how to authenticate messages transmitted between two different RSU ranges, and how to hand off messages for the vehicles moving across different RSU communication ranges. This paper proposes a comprehensive message authentication scheme that enables the message authentication within intra and between inter RSU ranges and hand-off between different RSUs. The proposed scheme balances the overhead for computation and communication with security against attacks. Efficiency analysis and comparison with related works demonstrate that the proposed scheme is a superior message authentication method for VANET.     

联合车速–队列感知的路边单元分组调度随机优化

路边单元(RSU)是车联网中为其无线覆盖范围内过往车辆提供信息服务的基础设施,路边单元间的分组传输可通过移动车辆"存储–载带–转发"的方式进行,其传输过程中分组的端到端时延由源RSU缓存中的排队时延与车辆载带过程的传播时延两部分组成.为使RSU间分组传输过程中平均端到端时延最小化,本文提出一种联合车速–队列感知的路边单元分组调度随机优化方法,该方法根据源RSU缓存队列长度和经过源RSU覆盖范围的车辆速度状态作分组调度决策.通过马尔科夫决策(MDP)框架对分组传输过程中的平均排队时延和平均传播时延进行分析,建立一个非线性平均端到端时延最小化问题并求解.仿真结果表明,所提出的RSU分组调度随机优化方法可以显著降低RSU间分组传输过程中的平均端到端时延,并提高系统中分组传输的吞吐量.     

基于车辆载带中继的路边单元突发业务分组调度最优策略

高速公路车联网场景中, 路边单元(Roadside units, RSUs)可作为多种周边监测数据的汇入网关, 其业务具有突发特性, 且可通过移动车辆以“存储?载带?转发”方式传输到与骨干网络互联的RSU. 针对RSU间业务传输问题, 源RSU可根据实时业务到达率按需匹配资源, 以应对业务突发性对分组端到端时延的影响. 本文首先针对RSU突发业务传输过程建立突发业务到达模型、车辆到达模型和离散车速状态模型; 进而利用受限马尔科夫决策过程对系统状态转移过程进行分析, 并建立非线性平均端到端时延最小化问题; 最后通过分析最优解的形式得出最优分组调度策略具有门限结构. 仿真结果验证了RSU间业务传输过程中排队时延和传播时延之间存在折中, 且该分组调度策略能降低业务传输过程的平均端到端时延.     

MaxCD: Efficient multi-flow scheduling and cooperative downloading for improved highway drive-thru Internet systems

The limitation of existing wireless wide area networks, coupled with the delay tolerant property of many non-realtime applications (e.g. email, file download) enables drive-thru networking, which depends on roadside units (RSUs) to provide vehicular users with intermittent Internet access service. Focusing on the downlink service, MaxCD – a joint multi-flow scheduling and cooperative downloading protocol is proposed in this paper with the goal of maximizing the amount of data packets that can be downloaded per drive-thru. Based on the macro-level opportunistic scheduling and node cooperation, the best wireless link(s) (with the highest data rate) between the RSU and vehicular users can always be utilized. On the other hand, the advantage of opportunistic overhearing due to the broadcast nature of wireless medium is also exploited to reduce packet retransmission times, so as to further increase the effective data rate. Since the store-carry-forward delivery manner is adopted for the cooperators to avoid introducing interference to the in-range data communication, a multi-channel collision-free relay mechanism is designed to address the reliable and fast data exchange issue when the vehicular users are outside the service area of the RSU. Our theoretical analysis vindicates the performance gain of the cooperation and extensive simulations demonstrate the efficiency of MaxCD.     

车联网RSU单元下行流量的性能研究

基于802.11p/WAVE的车联网是一项涉及道路交通、无线通信、自组织系统等多学科综合性的技术领域,车联网中,RSU单元可作为AP,让在行驶的汽车中的人们可以随时随地接入Internet,其中,如何建立RSU单元的下行流量模型是一个关键问题.通过引入车辆密度概率质量函数,分析车联网MAC层车辆通过RSU设备访问Internet的信道竞争情形,提出了适用于高速公路交通场景的RSU单元网络吞吐量模型,并推导出RSU上行及下行流量的性能解析式.针对RSU单元通信范围有限、相邻RSU单元之间可能存在盲区的问题,提出了一种利用同向行驶的车辆协助数据下载的VCoDS方案,以达到提高某时间段RSU的下行流量的目标.仿真实验结果证实,VCoDS方案可有效提高RSU单元的下行流量.     

On scheduling data access with cooperative load balancing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)

For overcoming the vehicle to vehicle frequent disconnection problem in VANETs data dissemination, several approaches have been proposed, including the provision of Road Side Units (RSUs). Due to the short wireless transmission range of RSUs and vehicle mobility, a vehicle spends only a short period of time inside the range of an RSU. This limitation, together with possible overload of RSUs sited near busy road junctions, may mean that requests from vehicles are not served within the prescribed deadlines. In this paper, we propose a cooperative load balancing approach among RSUs, in which an RSU can transfer the overload requests to other RSUs. Load transfer is done based on a number of factors: request delay tolerance, current load of the transferee RSU, and the direction in which the vehicle is heading. Using a series of simulation experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed cooperative load balancing approach outperforms the non-cooperative (stand-alone) approaches in a wide range of scenarios based on our performance metrics.     

车载自组织网络中并发广播冲突研究

车载自组织网络(VANET)是移动自组织网络(MANET)在车辆通信领域的特殊应用.其通过专用短程通信(DSRC)技术为车-车(V2V)、车-路(V2I)基单元提供安全可靠的通信服务.然而,VANET网络内广泛存在的并发广播冲突问题使得车辆频繁丢失数据包,遭受潜在的交通安全隐患.针对并发广播冲突问题,目前已有较多的解决...     

解决高度分割的车载自组网络连通性问题的路侧单元最优化调度方案

车载自组网络VANET是一种拥有高度动态拓扑结构的移动自组网络。为了解决其频繁的网络分割问题,最新研究提出使用一种特殊的称为路侧单元RSU的基础设施部署于道路两侧来提高VANET连通性。本文主要研究RSU调度中的节能降耗问题:给定一组路侧单元,我们的目标是寻找指定时段内打开或关闭RSU的最优调度,以确保RSU系统所消耗的总能量最小化,同时维持VANET系统网络连通性。我们将这一问题分解为两个子问题,即网络瞬像调度问题和网络瞬像选取问题。网络瞬像调度问题用于决定某时刻VANET网络瞬像中所需的连通状态RSU的最小值,而网络瞬像选取问题则用于决定系统需要在哪些时刻更新网络瞬像。通过对这两个子问题的研究,我们最终给出关于RSU调度问题的完全解,并通过理论分析与实验结果证明本文的算法可以在保持VANET连通性的同时明显地节能降耗。     

车联网中协作数据分发方案研究

在车联网中,车辆可通过无线通信从路侧单元（RSU）下载文件数据,但由于车辆移动性高、RSU部署间距大及传输范围有限,使得车辆可下载数据量受到较大影响。为此,提出一种协作数据分发方案。利用双向车辆和RSU的资源可用性对目标车辆进行辅助下载,使得目标车辆在未覆盖RSU的盲区（DA）内仍能获取所需文件数据,在此基础上,考虑资源节点的竞争接入与传输以及转发完成时间对数据传输的影响,建立理论分析框架来说明数据传输过程。仿真结果表明,相较于同向协助下载和反向协助下载机制,该方案能够提升目标车辆下载数据量,减少DA内数据传输中断的影响,提高DA利用率。     

VANET中基于RSU辅助签名环形成的方案

车辆自组织网络(Vehicular Ad-hoc Network,VANET)使交通系统更加智能和高效。信道的开放性以及车辆移动的高速性等特点,导致VANET存在诸如身份、传输数据以及位置等隐私信息泄露问题。目前,针对VANET的身份隐私泄露问题,越来越多的学者采用基于环签名的方案,但是车辆如何在行驶过程中与周围车辆组成签名环一直是一个难解决的问题。针对基础设施部署较完善地区,文中提出一种基于RSU(Road-Side Unit)辅助签名环形成的方案。该方案通过RSU收集覆盖区域内车辆的公钥并广播公钥集,从而确定区域内车辆的签名环,并利用双线性对映射实现RSU与车辆间消息传输的基于身份加密的过程。安全分析和实验证明,所提方案在基础设施较完善地区能够拥有较好的效率和安全性。     

An adaptive and opportunistic broadcast protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks

A primary goal of broadcasting in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is to improve the road safety by transmitting alert messages to all surrounding vehicles as soon as possible. In this paper, we adopt the concept of opportunistic routing and propose a multiple candidate relays opportunistic broadcast (MCROB) protocol for VANET. The MCROB protocol is a sender-driven broadcast scheme independent of node density. The packet delivery ratio (PDR) is derived and an expected transmission speed (ETS) for the MCROB is proposed. A priority rule for selecting a proper candidate relay and an adaptive algorithm for forwarding timers of candidate relays are also presented in this paper. Simulations show that MCROB is adaptive to the rapid changing of network conditions. It keeps a low communication overhead introduced by the broadcast and increases the average transmission speed by around 40%.     

基于LT喷泉码的WSNs抗WLAN干扰的实验研究

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)通信能力有限,易受到与其共享信道的无线局域网(WiFi)干扰的问题,提出一种采用纠删码——LT喷泉码编码来保证可靠传输的方法。该方法可以充分利用喷泉码的无码率特性,即发送端源源不断地发送经过LT码编码的编码包,接收端只要接收到足够数量的编码包,就能够成功恢复原始数据包。在CC2430为核心的平台上设计并实现了基于LT喷泉码的可靠传输协议,并在WLAN干扰情况下对其进行了性能测试。实验结果表明:基于LT喷泉码的可靠传输协议对WLAN的抗干扰效果显著。     

车载自组网中可撤销的聚合签名认证方案

为解决车载自组网(VANET)面临的通信安全和隐私保护方面的问题,提出了一种车载自组网中可撤销的聚合签名认证方案.该方案通过匿名认证保障用户隐私,通过使用防篡改设备和聚合签名技术提高认证效率.为实现车辆撤销,要求车辆使用路边单元发放的成员密钥生成签名,当车辆进入路边单元的通信范围时,路边单元实时审查车辆身份,拒绝为撤销...     

一种新的异步广播通信系统物理层设计

基于Turbo喷泉码和小波包分形调制技术，提出一种新的异步广播通信系统FPGA实现方案。系统用并行信源信道Turbo喷泉码实现无损数据压缩和纠错，小波包调制实现发送信号时频图样的自由铺砌。系统可以同时实现接收机的异步接入、单向信道下数据的可靠分发及信源信道联合编码，仿真表明该系统相对普通信源信道编码调制有较大性能改善。     

一种新的异步广播通信系统物理层设计

基于Turbo喷泉码和小波包分形调制技术,提出一种新的异步广播通信系统FPGA实现方案。系统用并行信源信道Turbo喷泉码实现无损数据压缩和纠错,小波包调制实现发送信号时频图样的自由铺砌。系统可以同时实现接收机的异步接入、单向信道下数据的可靠分发及信源信道联合编码,仿真表明该系统相对普通信源信道编码调制有较大性能改善。     

Restricted usage of anonymous credentials in vehicular ad hoc networks for misbehavior detection

The automobile industry is entering a new era of digitalization with major impact on human mobility and transportation infrastructures. A result of such a convergence between the automobile and information technologies is vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), a type of mobile ad hoc networks that has recently enjoyed a lot of attention from the industry, the research community, lawmakers and privacy activists. In VANET, vehicles frequently broadcast various types of messages, including location data. This enables innovative applications and improvements in safety and driving experience. As messages broadcasted in the VANET are digitally signed and the receiver must be able to verify the sender’s authentication and message integrity, there is a need to ensure broadcast authentication and protect driver’s anonymity. However, communication in VANETs takes place with high frequency, and malicious vehicles can hide behind anonymity in order to duplicate packets and get advantage over other vehicles in the network. Indeed, state-of-the-art approaches to privacy-preserving messages broadcast in the VANET typically ensure that each vehicle has a number of pseudonymous certificates that are changed regularly in order to thwart an automated tracing of its activities. However, the possibility of uncontrolled simultaneous use of pseudonyms by misbehaving vehicles remain unaddressed. This paper proposes a set of anonymous credential system based protocols for VANET that enables the detection and limitation of pseudonym/credential overspending. The revocation of the misbehaving vehicle can be also achieved through the proposed solutions. With the prototypical implementation of the proposed protocols, it has been shown that the successful detection of fraud, i.e., pseudonyms overspending and the subsequent revocation of credentials are possible in VANET.     

基于切比雪夫混沌映射的车联网高效认证方案

车联网在智能交通系统构建中发挥重要作用,消息认证方案能够为车联网的实际应用提供可靠性和安全性保障,但现有认证方案多数存在计算效率低下的问题,为此,提出一种基于切比雪夫混沌映射的车联网认证方案。利用切比雪夫多项式的半群性质构建对称密钥,以实现车辆节点与路边设施单元（RSU）的密钥协商。车辆节点使用由RSU分发的时效性共享密钥完成车辆间的匿名消息认证,无须为每个消息签名验证一个较大的撤销列表,车辆的撤销也不会影响群组性能。分析结果表明,该方案可以满足车联网的安全需求并抵御多种安全攻击,同时提供条件隐私保护,其密钥协商与消息认证阶段的计算效率较高,通信开销较低。     

SEMD: Secure and efficient message dissemination with policy enforcement in VANET

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an increasing important paradigm, which not only provides safety enhancement but also improves roadway system efficiency. However, the security issues of data confidentiality, and access control over transmitted messages in VANET have remained to be solved. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient message dissemination scheme (SEMD) with policy enforcement in VANET, and construct an outsourcing decryption of ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to provide differentiated access control services, which makes the vehicles delegate most of the decryption computation to nearest roadside unit (RSU). Performance evaluation demonstrates its efficiency in terms of computational complexity, space complexity, and decryption time. Security proof shows that it is secure against replayable choosen-ciphertext attacks (RCCA) in the standard model.     

A secure analysis of vehicular authentication security scheme of RSUs in VANET

The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a network to provide communication between nearby V2V (Vehicular to vehicular) and V2I(Vehicular to Infrastructure). In order to increase the network efficiency, it is required to have stability of transmission and security of reliability. In this paper, we propose a novel Vehicular Authentication Security Scheme (VASS) guaranteeing secure RSUs (Roadside Units) to OBUs(On-Board Units) in VANET on the basis of the ID-based authentication scheme using hi-pass card (or highway pass ticket) and license plate number. We show a usefulness and effectiveness of VASS after analyzed by the Petri nets.     

车载自组织网络中基于停车骨干网络的数据传输

车载自组织网络(vehicular ad hoc networks,简称VANETs)具有网络间歇连通、节点高速移动及动态的网络拓扑结构等特性,如何有效地实现车辆间的数据传输,成为VANETs的重大挑战.现有研究工作基于历史交通流量或历史延迟预测路段当前交通状况的方法并不可靠.此外,要实现高效的数据路由传输,配置大量路边基础设施节点(deploying roadside unit,简称RSU)是一种可行方案,但通常需要额外开销.基于城市区域长时间拥有大量地上停放车辆这一事实,提出了基于停车骨干网络的数据传输策略PBBD(parking backbone based data delivery),不需要配置任何地面基础设施,而是把地面的停放车辆组成一个虚拟的停车覆盖网络,通过该停车覆盖网实现数据的传输.为此,首先,对于每一条道路,把路边和非路边停放车辆组成一个尽可能长的停车簇,并基于这些停车簇组织城市停车骨干网络.其次,设计基于停车覆盖网络的全新数据传输算法来实现车辆间的有效数据传输.基于真实城市地图和交通数据的模拟实验结果表明,与现有的几种数据传输算法相比,PBBD能够以较低的网络传输开销和较小的传输延迟获得较高的数据传输成功率.