基于SMP集群的MPI+OpenMP混合编程模型研究

讨论了MPI+OpenMP混合编程模型的特点及其实现方法。建立了对拉普拉斯偏微分方程求解的混合并行算法,并在HL-2A高性能计算系统上同纯MPI算法作了性能方面的比较。结果表明,该混合并行算法具有更好的扩展性和加速比。     

Parallel iterative solvers for finite-element methods using an OpenMP/MPI hybrid programming model on the Earth Simulator

An efficient parallel iterative method for finite-element method has been developed for symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) cluster architectures with vector processors such as the Earth Simulator. The method is based on a three-level hybrid parallel programming model, including message passing for inter-SMP node communication, loop directives by OpenMP for intra-SMP node parallelization and vectorization for each processing element (PE). Simple 3D linear elastic problems with more than 2.2 × 10⁹ DOF have been solved using 3 × 3 block ICCG(0) method with additive Schwarz domain decomposition and PDJDS/CM-RCM reordering on 176 nodes of the Earth Simulator, achieving performance of 3.80 TFLOPS. Furthermore, effect of color number in reordering has been evaluated on various types of computers.     

多色SSOR-PCG的MPI+OpenMP混合编程实现

针对对称逐步超松驰预处理共轭梯度（Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient,SSOR-PCG）法并行化时每步迭代都要并行求解2个三角方程组的困难,采用多色排序技术提高并行度,基于MPI＋OpenMP混合编程模型开发适合于分布共享内存计算机的并行程序,通过测试选择有效的MPI通信函数,并给出3种避免共享数据竞争的措施,供不同规模问题和不同内存容量计算机情况选用．     

OpenFoam中多面体网格生成的MPI+OpenMP混合并行方法

网格生成是计算流体力学中非常重要的一环,大规模数值模拟过程中对网格精度要求的提高会导致网格生成所耗的时间增加。文中基于OpenFoam开源软件中的网格生成算法,主要研究多面体网格的并行生成,并提出OpenMP和MPI混合并行的多面体网格生成方法。通过理论分析得到,使用混合并行方法生成相同质量的网格时,混合并行方法生成网格的时间消耗随着线程数量和网格单元数量的增加而减少。3组使用不同求解器的数值模拟实验结果表明,该混合并行方法不但可以保证生成网格的质量——可以正常进行数值计算模拟且模拟结果与原方法相比几乎没有差别,而且生成同样质量与数量网格的耗时最多可以缩短至未使用OpenMP并行方法之耗时的1/4以内。     

基于MPI+CUDA异步模型的并行矩阵乘法

矩阵乘法在科学计算领域中起着重要的作用,不同结构模型能够改善并行矩阵乘的性能。现有的MPI+CUDA同步模型中,主机端需要进入等待状态,直到设备端完成任务后才能继续工作,这显然浪费时间。针对上述问题,提出一种基于MPI+CUDA异步模型的并行矩阵乘法。该模型避免了主机端进入等待状态,并采用CUDA流技术解决数据量超过GPU内存问题。通过分析异步模型的加速比和效率,实验结果表明,此方法显著提高了并行效率和大型矩阵乘法的运算速度,充分发挥了节点间分布式存储和节点内共享内存的优势,是一种有效可行的并行策略。     

MPI+TBB混合并行编程模型在分子动力学中的应用

为了提高分子动力学模拟在对称多处理(SMP)集群上的计算速度,在分子动力学并行方法中引入MPI+TBB的混合并行编程模型。基于该模型,在分子动力学软件LAMMPS中设计并实现混合并行算法,在节点间采用MPI及空间分解技术实施进程级并行,节点内采用TBB及临界区技术实施线程级并行。在SMP集群中的测试表明,该方法在体系较大以及节点数较多时可以明显减少通信时间,使加速比在纯MPI模型上提高45%。结果表明,MPI+TBB混合并行编程模型可促进分子动力学并行模拟且效率明显提升。     

一种基于MPI与OpenMP的矩阵乘法并行算法

阐述MPI与OpenMP进行并行计算的特点,并在Visual Studio 2010上构建一个基于两者的混合编程平台。程序在该平台上执行时能够同时实现多进程与进程内多线程编程,设计并实现一种基于数据划分的矩阵乘法的并行算法,将数据分解为两部分交给两个计算节点分别完成,并在每个计算节点内将数据进一步划分,交给多个线程同时执行。通过与非并行矩阵乘法、MPI矩阵乘法、OpenMP矩阵乘法运算性能进行比较,验证该算法可以有效地挖掘计算机的处理能力。     

Performance‐based parallel loop self‐scheduling using hybrid OpenMP and MPI programming on multicore SMP clusters

Parallel loop self‐scheduling on parallel and distributed systems has been a critical problem and it is becoming more difficult to deal with in the emerging heterogeneous cluster computing environments. In the past, some self‐scheduling schemes have been proposed as applicable to heterogeneous cluster computing environments. In recent years, multicore computers have been widely included in cluster systems. However, previous researches into parallel loop self‐scheduling did not consider certain aspects of multicore computers; for example, it is more appropriate for shared‐memory multiprocessors to adopt Open Multi‐Processing (OpenMP) for parallel programming. In this paper, we propose a performance‐based approach using hybrid OpenMP and MPI parallel programming, which partition loop iterations according to the performance weighting of multicore nodes in a cluster. Because iterations assigned to one MPI process are processed in parallel by OpenMP threads run by the processor cores in the same computational node, the number of loop iterations allocated to one computational node at each scheduling step depends on the number of processor cores in that node. Experimental results show that the proposed approach performs better than previous schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MPI + MPI: a new hybrid approach to parallel programming with MPI plus shared memory

Hybrid parallel programming with the message passing interface (MPI) for internode communication in conjunction with a shared-memory programming model to manage intranode parallelism has become a dominant approach to scalable parallel programming. While this model provides a great deal of flexibility and performance potential, it saddles programmers with the complexity of utilizing two parallel programming systems in the same application. We introduce an MPI-integrated shared-memory programming model that is incorporated into MPI through a small extension to the one-sided communication interface. We discuss the integration of this interface with the MPI 3.0 one-sided semantics and describe solutions for providing portable and efficient data sharing, atomic operations, and memory consistency. We describe an implementation of the new interface in the MPICH2 and Open MPI implementations and demonstrate an average performance improvement of 40 % to the communication component of a five-point stencil solver.     

基于混合并行的Kriging插值算法研究

普通Kriging方法是进行空间降水插值的一种有效方法。然而一方面由于海量数据插值计算量大,另一方面该算法的时间复杂度大,为减少空间降水插值的计算时间,采用OpenMP和MPI混合并行技术,实现Kriging并行算法。在Windows操作系统上搭建并行计算环境,实验数据表明,该并行算法能有效地节省计算时间。     

基于 MPI ＋OpenMP 的红外弱小目标检测并行计算

为有效监控红外弱小目标运动的全过程,必须采用多个波段同时探测,但是多波段探测必然带来计算时间的大幅增长,无法满足实际应用中对目标检测实时性的要求。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于MPI＋OpenMP的层次化并行方法,充分利用消息传递模型和共享存储模型的优势,并基于多处理器节点集群进行测试。实验结果表明,该并行程序在保证相同的检测概率的情况下加速比达到8．61,极大地提高了目标检测的效率。     

MPI+OpenMP混合并行编程模型应用研究

多处理器结点集群在高性能计算市场上日趋流行,如何在多处理器上编写出高效的并行代码成为研究的热点。MPI+OpenMP为多处理器结点集群提供了一种有效的并行策略,结点内部共享内存空间编程模式适合 OpenMP并行,消息传递模型MPI被用在集群的结点与结点之间,这样就实现了并行的层次结构化。     

Parallel programming model for the Epiphany many-core coprocessor using threaded MPI

The Adapteva Epiphany many-core architecture comprises a 2D tiled mesh Network-on-Chip (NoC) of low-power RISC cores with minimal uncore functionality. It offers high computational energy efficiency for both integer and floating point calculations as well as parallel scalability. Yet despite the interesting architectural features, a compelling programming model has not been presented to date. This paper demonstrates an efficient parallel programming model for the Epiphany architecture based on the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. Using MPI exploits the similarities between the Epiphany architecture and a conventional parallel distributed cluster of serial cores. Our approach enables MPI codes to execute on the RISC array processor with little modification and achieve high performance. We report benchmark results for the threaded MPI implementation of four algorithms (dense matrix–matrix multiplication, N-body particle interaction, five-point 2D stencil update, and 2D FFT) and highlight the importance of fast inter-core communication for the architecture.     

Hybrid CUDA, OpenMP, and MPI parallel programming on multicore GPU clusters

Nowadays, NVIDIA's CUDA is a general purpose scalable parallel programming model for writing highly parallel applications. It provides several key abstractions – a hierarchy of thread blocks, shared memory, and barrier synchronization. This model has proven quite successful at programming multithreaded many core GPUs and scales transparently to hundreds of cores: scientists throughout industry and academia are already using CUDA to achieve dramatic speedups on production and research codes. In this paper, we propose a parallel programming approach using hybrid CUDA OpenMP, and MPI programming, which partition loop iterations according to the number of C1060 GPU nodes in a GPU cluster which consists of one C1060 and one S1070. Loop iterations assigned to one MPI process are processed in parallel by CUDA run by the processor cores in the same computational node.     

MPI和OpenMP混合并行模型下的遥感编目信息检索

目的 空间位置检索是遥感影像检索中的关键步骤,为进一步提高海量遥感影像编目数据定位检索效率,降低误检率,提出一种基于MPI和OpenMP混合编程模型对射线法进行多层次并行化实现。方法 首先完善传统射线法处理点在多边形边上以及射线与边的端点相交的情况;其次采用MPI实现基于程序层面多机并行,OpenMP实现算法层面单机多线程并行,通过开启多个线程同时处理多边形的各个点,判断它们是否在另一个多边形的内部。结果 当系统中所有节点开启线程数之和等于主节点的最佳线程数时,全局计算速度达到最佳。混合并行算法相比串行算法检索时间减少50%以上,效率更高。结论 MPI+OpenMP混合并行比普通的串行执行、单纯MPI并行或单纯OpenMP并行执行空间定位检索算法效率显著提高,这种并行方案普遍适用于集群环境下的并行程序,并且可以进一步拓展到其他图像处理算法领域。     

基于MPI和OpenMP混合编程的非负矩阵分解并行算法

非负矩阵分解(NMF)作为一种数据降维和特征提取的有效工具,已经在文本聚类、推荐系统等多个领域得到应用,但是其计算过程比较复杂。对此,提出一种基于MPI+OpenMP的混合层次化并行NMF方法,其充分利用基于MPI的消息传递模型和基于OpenMP的共享存储模型各自的优势,并基于多核节点集群进行测试。实验结果表明,所设计的并行NMF算法达到了较高的加速比,能有效处理高阶矩阵的非负分解,极大地提高了计算的效率。     

Performance modeling of communication and computation in hybrid MPI and OpenMP applications

Performance evaluation and modeling are crucial steps to enabling the optimization of parallel programs. Programs written using two programming models, such as MPI and OpenMP, require analysis to determine both performance efficiency and the most suitable numbers of processes and threads for their execution on a given platform. To study both of these problems, we propose the construction of a model that is based upon a small number of parameters, but is able to capture the complexity of the runtime system. We incorporate measurements of overheads introduced by each of the programming models, and thus need to model both the network and computational aspects of the system.We have combined two different techniques that includes static analysis, driven by the OpenUH compiler, to retrieve application signatures and a parallelization overhead measurement benchmark, realized by Sphinx and Perfsuite, to collect system profiles. Finally, we propose a performance evaluation measurement to identify communication and computation efficiency. In this paper, we describe our underlying framework, the performance model, and show how our tool can be applied to a sample code.     

基于混合式的松弛规划优化的鲁棒定位算法

测距误差以及锚节点位置的不确定性给无线传感网络的节点定位提出挑战。为此,提出基于半定规划SDP （semi‐definite programming）和二阶锥规划SOCP （second order cone programming）的混合式松驰规划求解定位问题的优化方案,记为R＿SOCP＋ SDP。考虑测距误差和锚节点位置的不确定性,根据最大似然估计原则建立定位估计的鲁棒 SOCP （RSOCP）、鲁棒SDP （RSDP）优化函数;分析SOCP与SDP间的关系,充分考虑SOCP的计算复杂度低、SDP的定位精度高的特点,建立R＿SOCP＋SDP凸优化函数;运用凸优理论中的松弛规划技术估计节点的位置。仿真结果表明, R＿SOCP＋SDP有效减少了定位误差,降低了计算复杂度。