电动汽车动力学控制研究进展

近年来随着全球资源、环境问题日益严峻,节能、环保的电动汽车得到快速发展。电动汽车采用电机驱动系统,具有转矩快速响应、易于精确测量、可实现动力分散控制、可实现制动能量回收等优点。充分挖掘并利用这些优点可显著提升车辆动力学控制性能。文中从电动汽车动力学控制运行参数的识别、动力学控制结构与方法两个角度综述了十多年来的研究成果,重点介绍了轮胎-路面接触条件识别方法、驱动防滑控制方法等。对车辆横向动力学控制,包括电子差速控制、直接横摆控制、底盘集成控制等研究现状也做了总结。最后对未来电动车辆动力学控制的发展方向作了几点展望。     

Dynamic Event-Triggered Scheduling and Platooning Control Co-Design for Automated Vehicles Over Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This paper deals with the co-design problem of event-triggered communication scheduling and platooning control over vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)subject to finite communication resource.First,a unified model is presented to describe the coordinated platoon behavior of leader-follower vehicles in the simultaneous presence of unknown external disturbances and an unknown leader control input.Under such a platoon model,the central aim is to achieve robust platoon formation tracking with desired inter-vehicle spacing and same velocities and accelerations guided by the leader,while attaining improved communication efficiency.Toward this aim,a novel bandwidth-aware dynamic event-triggered scheduling mechanism is developed.One salient feature of the scheduling mechanism is that the threshold parameter in the triggering law is dynamically adjusted over time based on both vehicular state variations and bandwidth status.Then,a sufficient condition for platoon control system stability and performance analysis as well as a co-design criterion of the admissible event-triggered platooning control law and the desired scheduling mechanism are derived.Finally,simulation results are provided to substantiate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed co-design approach for guaranteeing a trade-off between robust platooning control performance and communication efficiency.     

基于动态神经网络自适应控制的主动悬架系统

主动悬挂系统中的液压执行器伺服系统是典型的仿射非线性系统，其参数也是时变的，要建立其准确的数学模型是很困难的。在该文中将主动悬架系统看作是一未知系统，利用动态神经网络对未知系统进行辨识，根据建模误差和参数的不确定性来调整网络的参数和结构并用动态神经网络的优化能力得出系统的控制率。在仿真试验中用动态神经网络所得到的控制算法对模型的输出进行跟踪控制，从仿真结果图可以看出这种控制器能获得较好的控制效果。     

基于TMS320LF2407A的电动汽车控制系统设计

基于TMS320LF2407 DSP的特点,设计了新的双轮独立驱动电动车控制系统;通过改进软件设计,实现了单电流传感器检测相电流;提出了新的转子位置检测方法;介绍了实用的3、3～5V接口电路等,实验结果证明了新方案的有效性。     

单轮电机失效时四轮轮毂电动汽车各驱动模式转向特性研究

文章在对轮胎侧偏特性和轮胎力研究的基础上,提出了四轮轮毂电动汽车四种驱动模式的转向力矩分配问题;通过数学分析,将此问题转化为一个有约束条件的最优化求解问题,接着使用MATLAB优化工具箱,并采用有效集算法对此优化问题进行求解,最终解决了单轮电机失效时四种驱动模式的选择问题,为改善单轮电机失效时四轮轮毂电动汽车的转向特性,防止车辆侧滑失稳提供了理论依据;最后采用汽车动力学仿真软件TESIS DYNAware对所提理论的正确性进行了仿真验证。     

含任意拓扑和通信故障的关联系统分散控制

针对一类含任意拓扑结构连接以及不可靠通信连接而引起的关联系统子系统间信息交换故障情况问题,提出了一种关联系统分析以及分散控制器设计方法。该方法首先把关联系统子系统间通信故障的随机变量看作是关联系统模型不确定性来源,并且用分式线性变换形式建立关联系统。然后,借助鲁棒控制理论推导出在最大通信连接故障情况下关联系统均方稳定的充分条件。在给定某一通信故障率下,基于线性矩阵不等式理论,通过设计分散状态反馈控制器来保证整个大系统是均方稳定的。最后,通过中国南方电网局部缩减模型作为仿真实例说明所提出模型和方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,当南方电网局部电力元件之间的通信发生故障时使用本文的方法能够很好地进行电网设计和广域控制,并使整个局部电网是均方稳定的。     

混合动力电动汽车的跟车控制与能量管理

混合动力电动汽车(Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVs)的能量管理问题至关重要, 而混合动力电动汽车的跟车控制不仅涉及跟车效果与安全性, 也影响着能量的高效利用. 将HEVs的跟车控制与能量管理相结合, 提出一种基于安全距离的HEVs车辆跟踪与能量管理控制方法. 首先, 考虑坡度、载荷变动建立了HEVs车辆跟车系统的非线性模型, 并基于安全距离, 提出一种基于道路观测器的动态面控制(Dynamic surface control, DSC)进行车辆跟踪控制. 然后, 结合跟踪控制下工况循环, 采用滚动动态规划(Dynamic programming, DP)算法进行混合动力电动汽车能量实时优化控制. 最后, 通过仿真研究进行验证.     

Integrated stability control of AFS and DYC for electric vehicle based on non-smooth control

A controller which ensures the driving stability of a four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicle (4WID-EV) is designed in this paper. The controller is structurally hierarchically designed. In order to keep the 4WID-EV running steadily, an upper-level controller integrating the active front-wheel steering control method (AFS) and direct yaw moment control method (DYC) is designed to keep the sideslip angle and yaw rate tracking the ideal values. A non-smooth control method is used to improve the closed-loop system's convergence and anti-disturbance performance. The additional yaw moment generated by the upper-level controller is distributed to four driving wheels by the lower-level controller. An optimal control algorithm is used in the lower-level controller to achieve the minimum sum of tire utilisation, and ensure the power performance and driving stability of the 4WID-EV. In order to verify the effectiveness of the designed controller, a simulation model of the stability control system is established based on Carsim-Matlab/Simulink. And the simulation is performed under double lane change road considering the disturbances. The results of the simulation show that the 4WID-EV with the designed controller achieves smaller sideslip angle than sliding-mode control and the actuator chatter is slight. Then the stability and safety of the 4WID-EV are greatly improved.     

ISG混合动力汽车制动力动态协调控制策略研究

本文针对混合动力汽车的制动过程能量回馈效率不足进行分析.以ISG技术的中度混合动力汽车为平台,通过分析混合动力汽车前、后轮制动力分配以及摩擦制动力和再生制动力的合理分配,建立了基于制动安全性和高效制动能量回收的动态协调再生制动控制策略模型,并在不同的路况下进行仿真分析和修正.仿真结果表明,制动力动态协调控制策略与原有传...     

燃料电池车电机闭环DSP控制系统设计

燃料电池车作为新型能源汽车,已成为电动汽车发展的新潮流.通过研究设计和实验将现有燃料电池车电机开环控制系统改进为双闭环控制系统,并以DSP为核心完成了控制系统的软件设计和硬件设计,实验结果表明设计正确,满足燃料电池车性能要求.     

智能网联电动汽车节能优化控制研究进展与展望

提升纯电动汽车整车能效、降低百公里耗电量, 是我国新能源汽车产业发展的重大需求. 智能网联背景下, V2X (Vehicle to everything)网联信息以及激光雷达、毫米波雷达、摄像头、定位及导航装置等各类车载传感器, 为智能网联电动汽车(Connected automated electric vehicle, CAEV)提供了全方位的信息交互、共享和状态感知能力, 赋予了其巨大的节能优化潜力. 针对CAEV节能优化控制问题, 首先从动力电池、电机控制器、驱动电机、传动机构、轮胎和驾驶决策六个环节分析电动汽车的典型损耗特性, 从决策、控制和执行三个层面分析CAEV的能量转换过程及耦合关系, 以及网联信息对CAEV 的节能影响; 然后, 从决策层车速优化、控制层驱动/制动转矩优化控制和执行层电流矢量优化控制三个方面, 对各层的节能优化问题进行阐述, 并重点对国内外研究现状进行归纳分析; 最后, 对决策层、控制层和执行层CAEV节能优化控制的难点以及现有研究工作进行总结, 并对下一步发展趋势进行展望.     

Observer‐Based Adaptive L2 Disturbance Attenuation Control of Semi‐Active Suspension with MR Damper

A novel nonlinear observer‐based adaptive disturbance attenuation control strategy was proposed for a quarter semi‐active suspension system with a magneto‐rheological (MR) damper in light of the intrinsic nonlinearity, parameter uncertainty, state immeasurability and road randomness. Adaptive adjusting parameters were adopted to avoid the curve fitting and identification of the system parameters by a great deal of experimental data for shortening the development cycle of the control system. Based on the reduced‐order observer, the system states including the immeasurable virtual state of MR damper and inconveniently measured states of suspension system were estimated for the realistic frame of the proposed controller in practice. The dissipative system theory was utilized to reduce the influence of the road disturbance on the system control performance. Simulation results in the bump road and B‐class road indicate that, whether there are perturbations of the system parameters or not, the proposed control scheme always ensures a better performance on the suspension travel, ride comfort and handling stability in comparison with other existing methods.     

EV电控系统的CAN总线通信研究与开发

介绍了CAN(ControlAreaNetwork)总线通信原理和通信协议。以芯片MC68376集成CAN控制器为例,阐述了纯电动车EV(ElectricVehicle)电控系统采用SAEJ1939通信协议实现CAN总线通信的设计要点。最后给出了基于CAN通信的EV电动汽车硬件在环仿真系统获得的电机在不同工况下的电流需求特性曲线。实验证明CAN总线通信速率高、准确、可靠性高。     

Dynamic Surface Control of Constrained Hypersonic Flight Models with Parameter Estimation and Actuator Compensation

In this paper, the robust adaptive controller is investigated for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. The proposed methodology addresses the issue of controller design and stability analysis with respect to parametric model uncertainty and input saturations for the control‐oriented model. The velocity and attitude subsystems are transformed into the linearly parameterized form. Based on the parameter projection estimation, the dynamic inverse control is proposed via the back‐stepping scheme. In order to avoid the problem of “explosion of complexity,” by introducing a first‐order filtering of the synthetic input at each step, the dynamic surface control is designed. The closed‐loop system achieves uniform ultimately bounded stability. The compensation design is employed when the input saturations occur. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves good tracking performance.