S-shaped and V-shaped gaining-sharing knowledge-based algorithm for feature selection

In machine learning, searching for the optimal feature subset from the original datasets is a very challenging and prominent task. The metaheuristic algorithms are used in finding out the relevant, important features, that enhance the classification accuracy and save the resource time. Most of the algorithms have shown excellent performance in solving feature selection problems. A recently developed metaheuristic algorithm, gaining-sharing knowledge-based optimization algorithm (GSK), is considered for finding out the optimal feature subset. GSK algorithm was proposed over continuous search space; therefore, a total of eight S-shaped and V-shaped transfer functions are employed to solve the problems into binary search space. Additionally, a population reduction scheme is also employed with the transfer functions to enhance the performance of proposed approaches. It explores the search space efficiently and deletes the worst solutions from the search space, due to the updation of population size in every iteration. The proposed approaches are tested over twenty-one benchmark datasets from UCI repository. The obtained results are compared with state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms including binary differential evolution algorithm, binary particle swarm optimization, binary bat algorithm, binary grey wolf optimizer, binary ant lion optimizer, binary dragonfly algorithm, binary salp swarm algorithm. Among eight transfer functions, V₄ transfer function with population reduction on binary GSK algorithm outperforms other optimizers in terms of accuracy, fitness values and the minimal number of features. To investigate the results statistically, two non-parametric statistical tests are conducted that concludes the superiority of the proposed approach.

     

基于邻域粗糙集和帝王蝶优化的特征选择算法

针对经典的帝王蝶优化（MBO）算法不能很好地处理连续型数据,以及粗糙集模型对于大规模、高维复杂的数据处理能力不足等问题,提出了基于邻域粗糙集（NRS）和MBO的特征选择算法。首先,将局部扰动和群体划分策略与MBO算法结合,并构建传输机制以形成一种二进制MBO（BMBO）算法;其次,引入突变算子增强算法的探索能力,设计了基于突变算子的BMBO（BMBOM）算法;然后,基于NRS的邻域度构造适应度函数,并对初始化的特征子集的适应度值进行评估并排序;最后,使用BMBOM算法通过不断迭代搜索出最优特征子集,并设计了一种元启发式特征选择算法。在基准函数上评估BMBOM算法的优化性能,并在UCI数据集上评价所提出的特征选择算法的分类能力。实验结果表明,在5个基准函数上,BMBOM算法的最优值、最差值、平均值以及标准差明显优于MBO和粒子群优化（PSO）算法;在UCI数据集上,与基于粗糙集的优化特征选择算法、结合粗糙集与优化算法的特征选择算法、结合NRS与优化算法的特征选择算法、基于二进制灰狼优化的特征选择算法相比,所提特征选择算法在分类精度、所选特征数和适应度值这3个指标上表现良好,能够选择特征数少且分类精度高的最优特征子集。     

A novel ACO–GA hybrid algorithm for feature selection in protein function prediction

Protein function prediction is an important problem in functional genomics. Typically, protein sequences are represented by feature vectors. A major problem of protein datasets that increase the complexity of classification models is their large number of features. Feature selection (FS) techniques are used to deal with this high dimensional space of features. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm that combines genetic algorithms (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for faster and better search capability. The hybrid algorithm makes use of advantages of both ACO and GA methods. Proposed algorithm is easily implemented and because of use of a simple classifier in that, its computational complexity is very low. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared to the performance of two prominent population-based algorithms, ACO and genetic algorithms. Experimentation is carried out using two challenging biological datasets, involving the hierarchical functional classification of GPCRs and enzymes. The criteria used for comparison are maximizing predictive accuracy, and finding the smallest subset of features. The results of experiments indicate the superiority of proposed algorithm.     

基于带特征染色体遗传算法的支持向量机特征选择和参数优化

鉴于支持向量机特征选择和参数优化对其分类准确率有重大的影响,将支持向量机渐近性能融入遗传算法并生成特征染色体,从而将遗传算法的搜索导向超参数空间中的最佳化误差直线.在此基础上,提出一种新的基十带特征染色体遗传算法的方法,同时进行支持向量机特征选择和参数优化.在与网格搜索、不带特征染色体遗传算法和其他方法的比较中,所提出的方法具有较高的准确率、更小的特征子集和更少的处理时间.     

A binary ABC algorithm based on advanced similarity scheme for feature selection

Feature selection is the basic pre-processing task of eliminating irrelevant or redundant features through investigating complicated interactions among features in a feature set. Due to its critical role in classification and computational time, it has attracted researchers’ attention for the last five decades. However, it still remains a challenge. This paper proposes a binary artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for the feature selection problems, which is developed by integrating evolutionary based similarity search mechanisms into an existing binary ABC variant. The performance analysis of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by comparing it with some well-known variants of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ABC algorithms, including standard binary PSO, new velocity based binary PSO, quantum inspired binary PSO, discrete ABC, modification rate based ABC, angle modulated ABC, and genetic algorithms on 10 benchmark datasets. The results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain higher classification performance in both training and test sets, and can eliminate irrelevant and redundant features more effectively than the other approaches. Note that all the algorithms used in this paper except for standard binary PSO and GA are employed for the first time in feature selection.     

Feature selection and parameter optimization for support vector machines: A new approach based on genetic algorithm with feature chromosomes

Support vector machines (SVM) are an emerging data classification technique with many diverse applications. The feature subset selection, along with the parameter setting in the SVM training procedure significantly influences the classification accuracy. In this paper, the asymptotic behaviors of support vector machines are fused with genetic algorithm (GA) and the feature chromosomes are generated, which thereby directs the search of genetic algorithm to the straight line of optimal generalization error in the superparameter space. On this basis, a new approach based on genetic algorithm with feature chromosomes, termed GA with feature chromosomes, is proposed to simultaneously optimize the feature subset and the parameters for SVM.To evaluate the proposed approach, the experiment adopts several real world datasets from the UCI database and from the Benchmark database. Compared with the GA without feature chromosomes, the grid search, and other approaches, the proposed approach not only has higher classification accuracy and smaller feature subsets, but also has fewer processing time.     

基于遗传乌燕鸥算法的同步优化特征选择

针对传统支持向量机方法用于数据分类存在分类精度低的不足问题, 将支持向量机分类方法与特征选择同步结合, 并利用智能优化算法对算法参数进行优化研究. 首先将遗传算法(Genetic algorithm, GA)和乌燕鸥优化算法(Sooty tern optimization algorithm, STOA)进行混合, 先通过对平均适应度值进行评估, 当个体的适应度函数值小于平均值时采用遗传算法对其进行局部搜索的加强, 否则进行乌燕鸥本体优化过程, 同时将支持向量机内核函数和特征选择目标共同作为优化对象, 利用改进后的STOA-GA寻找最适应解, 获得所选的特征分类结果. 其次, 通过16组经典UCI数据集和实际乳腺癌数据集进行数据分类研究, 在最佳适应度值、所选特征个数、特异性、敏感性和算法耗时方面进行对比研究, 实验结果表明, 该算法可以更加准确地处理数据, 避免冗余特征干扰, 在数据挖掘领域具有更广阔的工程应用前景.     

An incremental approach to genetic-algorithms-based classification.

Incremental learning has been widely addressed in the machine learning literature to cope with learning tasks where the learning environment is ever changing or training samples become available over time. However, most research work explores incremental learning with statistical algorithms or neural networks, rather than evolutionary algorithms. The work in this paper employs genetic algorithms (GAs) as basic learning algorithms for incremental learning within one or more classifier agents in a multiagent environment. Four new approaches with different initialization schemes are proposed. They keep the old solutions and use an "integration" operation to integrate them with new elements to accommodate new attributes, while biased mutation and crossover operations are adopted to further evolve a reinforced solution. The simulation results on benchmark classification data sets show that the proposed approaches can deal with the arrival of new input attributes and integrate them with the original input space. It is also shown that the proposed approaches can be successfully used for incremental learning and improve classification rates as compared to the retraining GA. Possible applications for continuous incremental training and feature selection are also discussed.     

A tribe competition-based genetic algorithm for feature selection in pattern classification

Feature selection has always been a critical step in pattern recognition, in which evolutionary algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm (GA), are most commonly used. However, the individual encoding scheme used in various GAs would either pose a bias on the solution or require a pre-specified number of features, and hence may lead to less accurate results. In this paper, a tribe competition-based genetic algorithm (TCbGA) is proposed for feature selection in pattern classification. The population of individuals is divided into multiple tribes, and the initialization and evolutionary operations are modified to ensure that the number of selected features in each tribe follows a Gaussian distribution. Thus each tribe focuses on exploring a specific part of the solution space. Meanwhile, tribe competition is introduced to the evolution process, which allows the winning tribes, which produce better individuals, to enlarge their sizes, i.e. having more individuals to search their parts of the solution space. This algorithm, therefore, avoids the bias on solutions and requirement of a pre-specified number of features. We have evaluated our algorithm against several state-of-the-art feature selection approaches on 20 benchmark datasets. Our results suggest that the proposed TCbGA algorithm can identify the optimal feature subset more effectively and produce more accurate pattern classification.     

改进蚁群算法及其在高光谱影像分类中的研究

针对高光谱影像波段数目多,易造成维数灾难的问题,结合遗传算法提供的初始启发信息和蚁群算法寻优能力的优势,提出一种基于改进二进制蚁群算法的波段选择方法。该方法通过遗传算法寻优获取几组较优解,经过计算后作为二进制蚁群算法的初始启发式信息,利用二进制蚁群算法的全局搜索获取最优解;另一方面,为充分利用影像的光谱与空间信息,将波段组合的光谱特征与改进二进制蚁群算法选择的纹理特征融合进行分类,可以获得更高的分类精度。实验结果表明,改进二进制蚁群算法与遗传算法、蚁群算法、二进制蚁群算法相比全局搜索能力更强,且该方法分类精度达到95.63%。     

改进的基于粒子群优化的支持向量机特征选择和参数联合优化算法

针对支持向量机(SVM)中特征选择和参数优化对分类精度有较大影响,提出了一种改进的基于粒子群优化(PSO)的SVM特征选择和参数联合优化算法(GPSO-SVM),使算法在提高分类精度的同时选取尽可能少的特征数目。为了解决传统粒子群算法在进行优化时易出现陷入局部最优和早熟的问题,该算法在PSO中引入遗传算法(GA)中的交叉变异算子,使粒子在每次迭代更新后进行交叉变异操作来避免这一问题。该算法通过粒子之间的不相关性指数来决定粒子之间的交叉配对,由粒子适应度值的大小决定其变异概率的大小,由此产生新的粒子进入到群体中。这样使得粒子跳出当前搜索到的局部最优位置,提高了群体的多样性,在全局范围内寻找更优值。在不同数据集上进行实验,与基于PSO和GA的特征选择和SVM参数联合优化算法相比,GPSO-SVM的分类精度平均提高了2%~3%,选择的特征数目减少了3%~15%。实验结果表明,所提算法的特征选择和参数优化效果更好。     

基于改进斑点鬣狗优化算法的同步优化特征选择

针对传统支持向量机（SVM）在封装式特征选择中分类精度低、特征子集选择冗余以及计算效率差的不足,利用元启发式优化算法同步优化SVM与特征选择。为改善SVM分类效果以及选择特征子集的能力,首先,利用自适应差分进化（DE）算法、混沌初始化与锦标赛选择策略对斑点鬣狗优化（SHO）算法改进,以增强其局部搜索能力并提高其寻优效率与求解精度;其次,将改进后的算法用于特征选择与SVM参数调整的同步优化中;最后,在UCI数据集进行特征选择仿真实验,采取分类准确率、选择特征数、适应度值及运行时间来综合评估所提算法的优化性能。实验结果证明,改进算法的同步优化机制能够在高分类准确率下降低特征选择的数目,该算法比传统算法更适合解决封装式特征选择问题,具有良好的应用价值。     

A hybrid instance-intensive workflow scheduling method in private cloud environment

Aiming to solve the problem of instance-intensive workflow scheduling in private cloud environment, this paper first formulates a scheduling optimization model considering the communication time between tasks. The objective of this model is to minimize the execution time of all workflow instances. Then, a hybrid scheduling method based on the batch strategy and an improved genetic algorithm termed fragmentation based genetic algorithm is proposed according to the characters of instance-intensive cloud workflow, where task priority dispatching rules are also taken into account. Simulations are conducted to compare the proposed method with the canonical genetic algorithm and two heuristic algorithms. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can considerably enhance the search efficiency of the genetic algorithm and is able to considerably outperform the compared algorithms, in particular when the number of workflow instances is high and the computational resource available for optimization is limited.

     

Genetic algorithm with ant colony optimization (GA-ACO) for multiple sequence alignment

Multiple sequence alignment, known as NP-complete problem, is among the most important and challenging tasks in computational biology. For multiple sequence alignment, it is difficult to solve this type of problems directly and always results in exponential complexity. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm of genetic algorithm with ant colony optimization for multiple sequence alignment. The proposed GA-ACO algorithm is to enhance the performance of genetic algorithm (GA) by incorporating local search, ant colony optimization (ACO), for multiple sequence alignment. In the proposed GA-ACO algorithm, genetic algorithm is conducted to provide the diversity of alignments. Thereafter, ant colony optimization is performed to move out of local optima. From simulation results, it is shown that the proposed GA-ACO algorithm has superior performance when compared to other existing algorithms.     

故障特征组合选择方法

特征选择方法主要包括过滤方法和绕封方法。为了利用过滤方法计算简单和绕封方法精度高的优点,提出一种组合过滤和绕封方法的特征选择新方法。该方法首先利用基于互信息准则的过滤方法得到满足一定精度要求的子集后,再采用绕封方法找到最后的优化特征子集。由于遗传算法在组合优化问题上的成功应用,对特征子集寻优采用了遗传算法。在数值仿真和轴承故障特征选择中,采用新方法在保证诊断精度的同时,可以节省大量选择时间。组合特征选择方法有较好的寻优特征子集的能力,能够节省选择时间,具有高效、高精度的双重优点。     

一种基于属性关系的特征选择算法

对于包含大量特征的数据集, 特征选择已成为一个研究热点, 能剔除无关和冗余特征, 将会有效改善分类准确性. 对此, 在分析已有文献的基础上, 提出一种基于属性关系的特征选择算法(NCMIPV), 获取优化特征子集, 并在UCI 数据集上对NCMIPV 算法进行性能评估. 实验结果表明, 与原始特征子集相比, 该算法能有效降低特征空间维数, 运行时间也相对较短, 分类差错率可与其他算法相比, 在某些场合下性能明显优于其他算法.

     

Various hybrid methods based on genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller

In this paper we propose several efficient hybrid methods based on genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. The proposed hybridization methods combine a rough search technique, a fuzzy logic controller, and a local search technique. The rough search technique is used to initialize the population of the genetic algorithm (GA), its strategy is to make large jumps in the search space in order to avoid being trapped in local optima. The fuzzy logic controller is applied to dynamically regulate the fine-tuning structure of the genetic algorithm parameters (crossover ratio and mutation ratio). The local search technique is applied to find a better solution in the convergence region after the GA loop or within the GA loop. Five algorithms including one plain GA and four hybrid GAs along with some conventional heuristics are applied to three complex optimization problems. The results are analyzed and the best hybrid algorithm is recommended.     

A hybrid approach of differential evolution and artificial bee colony for feature selection

“Dimensionality” is one of the major problems which affect the quality of learning process in most of the machine learning and data mining tasks. Having high dimensional datasets for training a classification model may lead to have “overfitting” of the learned model to the training data. Overfitting reduces generalization of the model, therefore causes poor classification accuracy for the new test instances. Another disadvantage of dimensionality of dataset is to have high CPU time requirement for learning and testing the model. Applying feature selection to the dataset before the learning process is essential to improve the performance of the classification task. In this study, a new hybrid method which combines artificial bee colony optimization technique with differential evolution algorithm is proposed for feature selection of classification tasks. The developed hybrid method is evaluated by using fifteen datasets from the UCI Repository which are commonly used in classification problems. To make a complete evaluation, the proposed hybrid feature selection method is compared with the artificial bee colony optimization, and differential evolution based feature selection methods, as well as with the three most popular feature selection techniques that are information gain, chi-square, and correlation feature selection. In addition to these, the performance of the proposed method is also compared with the studies in the literature which uses the same datasets. The experimental results of this study show that our developed hybrid method is able to select good features for classification tasks to improve run-time performance and accuracy of the classifier. The proposed hybrid method may also be applied to other search and optimization problems as its performance for feature selection is better than pure artificial bee colony optimization, and differential evolution.     

面向特征选择问题的协同演化方法

特征选择技术是机器学习和数据挖掘任务的关键预处理技术。传统贪婪式特征选择方法仅考虑本轮最佳特征,从而导致获取的特征子集仅为局部最优,无法获得最优或者近似最优的特征集合。进化搜索方式则有效地对特征空间进行搜索,然而不同的进化算法在搜索过程中存在自身的局限。本文吸取遗传算法（GA）和粒子群优化算法（PSO）的进化优势,以信息熵度量为评价,通过协同演化的方式获取最终特征子集。并提出适用于特征选择问题特有的比特率交叉算子和信息交换策略。实验结果显示,遗传算法和粒子群协同进化（GA-PSO）在进化搜索特征子集的能力和具体分类学习任务上都优于单独的演化搜索方式。进化搜索提供的组合判断能力优于贪婪式特征选择方法。     

基于免疫遗传算法的复杂网络社区发现

针对大部分基于智能优化算法的社区发现方法存在的种群退化、寻优能力不强、计算过程复杂、需要先验知识等问题,提出了一种基于免疫遗传算法(GA)的复杂网络社区发现方法。算法将改进的字符编码和相应的遗传算子相结合,在不需要先验知识的情况下可自动获得最优社区数和社区划分方案;将免疫原理引入遗传算法的选择操作中,保持了群体多样性,改善了遗传算法所固有的退化现象;在初始化种群及交叉和变异算子中利用网络拓扑结构的局部信息,有效缩小了搜索空间,增强了寻优能力。计算机生成网络和真实网络上的仿真实验结果表明算法可自动获取最优社区数和社区划分方案并具有较高的精度,说明算法具有可行性和有效性。