20Mn钢降温连续形变过程铁素体的形成特点及动态CCT曲线

利用单向压缩热模拟试验考察了20Mn钢降温连续变形时铁素体的形成特点，并与等温转变作了比较；用金相法建立了动态CCT曲线。高温形变影响铁素体的形态和分布。形成超细等轴铁素体的适宜温度范围在Ar3和A3之间(720～770℃)。等温形变比降温形变容易获得较好的晶粒结构。     

变形温度对45#精冲钢组织演变的影响

利用热模拟单道次压缩实验研究了45#钢在不同温度变形过程中微观组织的演变规律。通过对变形过程中组织形貌的观察和应力-应变曲线的分析，讨论了变形过程中的相变行为和软化过程。结果显示，实验钢在热变形过程发生铁素体(DIF)和珠光体(DIP)两种形变诱导相变，Ar3温度以上变形时，主要发生形变诱导铁素体相变，伴随少量珠光体生成，并且随着变形温度的降低铁素体增加，珠光体略微降低；Ar3温度以下变形时，形变诱导珠光体逐渐取代铁素体，且随温度的变化趋势相反。低温变形时，形变诱导相变是软化的主要原因，高温变形时主要发生动态再结晶，导致软化，并且动态再结晶的软化作用要比形变诱导相变的好。     

变形工艺对Q345 GJC高建钢连续冷却相变的影响

借助Gleeble-2000型热力模拟实验机,研究了Q345GJC高建钢奥氏体连续冷却过程的相变规律,结合热膨胀法和金相法,分别构建实验钢奥氏体动态和静态连续冷却相变曲线(CCT),分析了加速冷却、热变形和工艺温度对实验钢相变的影响。结果表明,与静态CCT曲线比较,实验钢的动态CCT曲线整体向左上方移动,γ/α相变开始温度随冷却速度的增大而逐渐降低;高温变形对铁素体和珠光体组织转变有利,扩大了铁素体相变区,但阻碍了贝氏体相变;奥氏体变形对贝氏体转变是双重的,高冷速变形促进贝氏体相变,低冷速变形抑制贝氏体相变。     

Nb-V-Ti微合金化高强度钢08MnCr连续冷却转变曲线和组织

利用ThermecMaster-Z热模拟实验机测定了一种Nb-V-Ti微合金化高强度钢08MnCr(S2)在910～1 200℃不变形(静态)和变形(动态)奥氏体0.05～30℃/s冷速下连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并分析和观察了对应的相变及组织。实验结果表明,提高轧后的冷却速度使Ar₃降低,导致钢的晶粒进一步细化;冷却速度大于10℃/s开始出现贝氏体转变。提高加热温度时相变温度降低,变形奥氏体相变温度较不变形奥氏体相变温度高。冷速较低时,铁素体晶粒呈多边形;冷速高时,铁素体晶粒多呈尖角形。     

热变形和冷却对700 MPa级Mo-Nb微合金化钢组织的影响

通过Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机和光学显微镜，研究了变形及冷却对700MPa级0．04C-0．27Mo-0．047Nb微合金化钢组织和硬度的影响。得出该钢的静态(不变形)和动态(变形)奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线，高温转变区，相变产物为先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体；中温转变区，相变产物主要为贝氏体。热变形促进了铁素体和贝氏体相变，扩大了形成铁素体的冷却速度范围，推迟了羽毛状贝氏体的形成。     

17MnNiVNbR钢的连续冷却转变行为研究

利用Formastor-FII型膨胀仪和Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机,结合显微组织观察和硬度测试,研究了压力容器用钢17MnNiVNbR的静态和动态连续冷却转变行为,并分析了热变形对相变行为的影响。实验结果表明:冷却速率较低时,17MnNiVNbR钢的相变组织为先共析铁素体和珠光体;随着冷却速率的增加,依次出现贝氏体和马氏体。热变形能提高铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体的相变温度,并使连续冷却转变曲线向左上方移动。     

工艺参数对耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV组织与性能的影响

采用热力模拟试验机、光学显微镜、显微硬度计研究了耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV在不同冷却速率下的连续冷却组织转变规律,并绘制其CCT曲线,同时研究了形变温度和冷却速度对耐蚀钢热变形后的组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:连续冷却转变情况下,耐腐蚀钢在冷速小于15℃/s时,有铁素体转变;冷速小于1℃/s时,有珠光体转变;冷速在0.5~20℃/s之间时,有贝氏体转变。控制冷速在5~15℃/s可得到铁素体和贝氏体复相组织。随变形温度的降低,试验钢形变过程中形变诱导铁素体相变现象显著,且伴随有M/A岛生成;随冷却速度的增高,形变诱导相变现象减弱,M/A岛数量减少。与连续冷却试验相比较,形变诱导析出现象明显,其硬度增量为40~50HV,形变可使试验钢的析出向更高冷速移动。     

热变形及工艺参数对C-Mn钢过冷奥氏体转变的影响

以C-Mn钢SS400为研究对象,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上进行了热模拟实验,测得了试验钢静、动态CCT曲线.从CCT曲线可以看出,未变形时试验钢奥氏体向铁素体开始转变温度在800～690℃之间,变形后在810～710℃之间,变形提高了Ar3点.当冷却速度比较低时(0.2～5℃/s),变形奥氏体转变后室温组织的维氏硬度值低于未变形奥氏体转变后的室温组织维氏硬度值,而当冷却速度比较高时(5～20℃/s),趋势正好相反;变形后淬火试验结果表明应变量为0.4、变形速率为1/s 时,试验钢在820℃时已经发生形变诱导铁素体相变.随着应变量的增大和变形温度的降低,原奥氏体晶界的铁素体量增多.     

X100管线钢连续冷却相变研究

通过热模拟试验研究了冷却速度(0.5～35℃/s)和变形量(0.3～0.6)对X100管线钢(%:0.06C、0.23Si、1.90Mn、0.005P、0.000 3S、0.28Mo、0.25 Ni、0.23Cr、0.05Nb、0.02Ti、0.20Cu、0.025Al)组织的影响,得出该钢的静态和动态连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线。结果表明,试验钢未变形奥氏体在5℃/s冷却速度可得到全部贝氏体组织;变形奥氏体相变开始温度升高,随热变形量增加,针状铁素体转变区扩大,板条贝氏体转变区缩小。     

奥氏体中的纳米沉淀物对Nb—Ti微合金钢连续冷却过程中铁素体转变开始温度的影响

本文通过采用热膨胀方法研究了在无形变和热形变Nb—Ti微合金钢连续冷却过程中的转变特点,在Nb—Ti钢中,Ti含量从0变化到0．031％,而Nb含量保持不变。在不同冷却速度下,根据得到的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线,测量了热膨胀曲线。对于无形变Nh—Ti钢,试验结果发现：铁素体转变开始温度（Ar3）随着钛含量增加到0．015％而减少,当钛含量范围介于0．015％～0．027％之间时,铁素体转变温度大幅降低。对于热形变Nb—Ti钢,当钛含量小于0．027％时,虬温度没有明显差别,但是当钛含量大于0．027％时,Ar3温度明显降低。为了阐明Ar3温度的变化,需要考虑奥氏体晶粒尺寸（Dr）、Nb—Ti沉淀物和残余应变。根据试验结果,开发了无形变和热形变Nb—Ti微合金的Ar3计算数学模型。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.