铜、铝导体生产的发展趋向及有关问题的探讨

本文综合分析了我国铜、铝及它们的合金导体在品种、质量和生产装备方面的现状和国外在该领域的进展及发展趋向,并指出:我国铜、铝导体的年用量已名列世界前茅,但导体的品种少,工艺装备落后。其中铝连铸连轧生产线比铜的更落后,主要差距在计算机监控系统,由此也限制了品种的发展;废铜在导体上的应用,要提高质量关键在于所用废铜原材料的级别、熔炼炉及熔炼工艺;铜杆质量不能满足电缆工业发展的需要,修订电工用铜杆国标或制订行业标准,实行铜杆分等使用已是势在必行;我国电缆工业需要建立真正意义上的从金属材料、镀层、导体结构到绝缘材料特种的电缆厂;行业协会在组织行业内部带有共性问题的科技攻关,与产业界、行业间的协调和科技合作方面应起到更大的作用;应发挥综合优势,加强材料、工艺、产品与设备的联合攻关,实现科技与生产的创新。     

上海电网新技术应用展望

随着上海高新技术企业的发展和信息化社会的建设，用户对电能质量提出了更高的要求；上海电网目前的输电走廊和变电站选址已经非常困难，电网建设也常因此受到影响；在厂网分离的条件下，电网的安全稳定运行也面临着巨大的挑战。面临这些挑战，对上海电网的技术要求也就更高了。在介绍上海电网的现状、分析电网的特点和所面临的问题基础上，从上海电网的实际和需求出发，对大容量交直流输电技术、灵活交流输电技术、信息管理技术、全寿命周期管理等新技术在上海电网中的应用前景作了展望，这些技术涵盖了电力系统的规划、建设、运行和管理等多个方面，对上海电网发展和新技术应用有指导意义。     

计及谐波的功率因数测量方法

针对谐波污染严重的电网,为了能精确计量用户端负荷的功率因数,减小计量误差,对用户进行合理公平地奖惩,有必要对《功率因数调整电费办法》中定义的功率因数计算方法进行改进,并提出一种准确的功率因数计量模型。主要分析了谐波背景下电费办法中定义的功率因数的合理性,首先指出了正弦系统接入谐波源后,线性无源阻感性负荷用户的功率因数测量值变小,这意味着线性用户不仅受谐波危害,还要支付更多的电费;然后,结合仿真对此进行了验证;最后,根据谐波责任划分的原则,计及谐波的影响,给出了基于IEEE.Std 1459-2010的新的功率因数计量模型,该模型不仅可以为供电部门合理、公平地计量提供一定的参考依据,还为进一步完善考核计费标准提供重要的借鉴意义。     

一种彩色图像配准算法C-GLOH

图像配准是图像三维重构、计算机视觉、模式识别、遥感图像处理等众多领域的关键技术之一。目前将颜色信息运用到图像配准中较为实用的算法是CSIFT,但该算法从速度、效率和鲁棒性上都劣于传统SIFT算法。为此,提出一种C-GLOH彩色图像配准算法:提取彩色图像各个位置处的颜色不变量,以颜色不变量作为输入图像进行SIFT,其中在构造描述子时,采用改进的GLOH方法,提高了描述子的性能。最后用最近邻法进行匹配。实验结果表明,提出的C-GLOH算法较CSIFT算法有更高的匹配精度、效率和更快的运算速度。     

Balancing technical and social issues: a new first-year designcourse

The new ABET EC2000 accreditation guidelines call for greater emphasis on social and ethical issues in the education of engineering students. Universities are responding in varied ways - generally through increased liberal arts content and, in a few instances, through design activities, but generally, design education focuses primarily on the technical and process aspects. This is especially true in the new first-year engineering design courses that have evolved in the 1990s. A first-year “Introduction to Engineering Design” course has been developed at the University of Dayton that seeks to achieve a balance between technical, social and ethical issues throughout the design process to help ground the education of engineering students with the ideals of social and ethical responsibility as part of their profession. This grounding has been achieved through interdisciplinary projects, which teach students, through self-discovery, the relevance of social, environmental, cultural, political and ethical factors to their normal engineering functions     

Situation Assessment of an Autonomous Emergency Brake for Arbitrary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collision Scenarios

The autonomous emergency brake (AEB) is an active safety function for vehicles which aims to reduce the severity of a collision. An AEB performs a full brake when an accident becomes unavoidable. Even if this system cannot, in general, avoid the accident, it reduces the energy of the crash impact and is therefore referred to as a collision mitigation system. A new approach for the calculation of the trigger time of an emergency brake will be presented. The algorithm simultaneously considers all physically possible trajectories of the object and host vehicle. It can be applied to all different scenarios including rear-end collisions, collisions at intersections, and collisions with oncoming vehicles. Thus, 63% of possible accidents are addressed. The approach accounts for the object and host vehicles' dimensions. Unlike previous work, the orientation of the vehicles is incorporated into the collision estimation.      

如何开展“责任分析”

"责任分析"针对如何增强安全保证体系履职把关能力这一课题,在实际工作中摸索出来的新方法、新举措,其目的是不断发现履职问题,解决履职问题,提高全员安全责任意识,健全安全责任体系,从深层次上整改安全隐患,有效发挥安全保证作用,增强事故防范能力。"责任分析"作为一项需要全员参与、常态化管理的新办法,推行过程中必然要对实施办法进行探索和研究,就如何组织开展好此项工作,让"责任分析"快速、有效发挥作用进行论述,供大家参考。     

One company's guideline for hazardous area classification

Historically, hazardous area classification has been the responsibility of the plant electrical engineer. In reality, however, many projects were being designed with minimum input from the plant engineering. Most consulting firms would use an ultra-conservative approach with little input from process engineers and no consideration for potential cost savings. The existing national standards and guidelines are written to provide safety and flexibility of design and are difficult for the inexperienced engineer to interpret. Even for experienced engineers, this flexibility often leads to different interpretations for similar situations. In 1993, a small group of electrical engineers recognized a need for standardization without compromising safety, and formed a technical committee to address this issue. This paper presents the result of the committee's work as a corporate engineering technical guideline     

广泛学习量子进化的含分布式电源配电网重构

在分布式发电条件下对配电网重构问题进行研究,可进一步提高系统供电的安全性与可靠性,同时有效地减小线路损耗,这对实现配电自动化,建设智能配电网有着重大作用和意义。通过对量子进化算法基本理论进行介绍并将其与广泛学习的思想相结合,提出基于广泛学习的量子进化算法,并应用于配电网优化重构。以IEEE33节点系统为例,通过仿真实验分析不同数量的DG接入电网中,系统的网损和电压变化情况。MATLAB仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Turning students into ethical professionals

At the engineering school of the University of Virginia, a primary responsibility is turning students into ethical professionals, Three Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criteria (EC 2000 outcomes are a primary focus of this effort. The three relevant ABET EC 2000 outcomes are: "f", which requires students to demonstrate an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; "h", which requires an understanding the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context; and "j", which asks for knowledge contemporary issues. These outcomes are broad. In order to create more specific outcomes, it is important to talk about the types of knowledge and skills students need to acquire in order to become ethical practitioners. The work presented establishes a framework, dividing the knowledge that engineering students need into four categories, based loosely on M. Adler's Paiadeia principles (1982)     

客户服务掌上营业厅的设计与实现

随着移动互联网应用的蓬勃发展,供电企业的客户服务电子渠道正在发生深刻变化。文章提出了基于HybridAPP架构的掌上营业厅系统,采用HTML5技术建设新型电子营业厅渠道,面向客户提供电费查询、缴纳、分析、预约服务等多种在线服务。文章从客户需求和体验出发。提出符合供电企业客户服务拓展要求的框架设计,创新性地实现手机“摇一摇”功能来获取最近营业厅网点信息,并支持多种电费缴纳支付方式。该系统已经成功投产,面向客户开放使用,具备良好的可靠性和实用性。     

欧洲防爆指令实施的进展状况

欧洲94／9／EC指令，是关于各成员国有关拟用于潜在爆炸危险环境的设备和保护系统的法律趋于一致的指令，该指令的主要目的是对所生产的用于潜在爆炸性环境的设备，通过协调技术标准和法规以促进其在欧洲市场自由流通。该指令从1996年开始使用，并且从2003年7月1日强制施行。通过对欧洲防爆指令新老方法的介绍，可以了解其适用范围的变化、实施过程和方法，以及在消除贸易壁垒、确保人身健康及财产安全中所发挥的作用。     

Health monitoring in the home of the future

We discuss health monitoring as a potential application field for wearable sensors. We present some usage models for health monitoring and discuss the technical requirements for the health-monitoring system based on wearable and ambient sensors, which measure health-related data in daily environments of the users or patients. The presentation is by no means complete, but it aims to give an idea of the system-level issues to be considered for real applications. The technology in this area is rapidly developing, and without doubt we will evidence emergence of these applications in the coming years in the market.     

试用安全系统工程(ETA)图——分析锅炉事故

本文以某县火电厂一台AZD20—25/400型锅炉缺水干烧至熔的重大事故为例,试用安全系统工程(ETA)图树形分析法对事故发生的原因进行分析以查明事故原因,分清事故责任,拟定改进措施,并应用“人—机—环境”安全系统工程管理方法,就如何搞好锅炉的安全管理,防止事故重复发生,发表我们初浅的认识,其目的是对锅炉的使用管理作一点有益的工作。     

低压有源电力滤波器在高电压等级下的仿真和工程应用

提出一种利用低漏抗变压器和并联型低压有源电力滤波器实现对高电压等级补偿的新方法。针对现场工况情况,考虑到变压器的移相特性,采用一种新型数字锁相环技术对原有控制策略进行改进,实现了通过低压有源滤波器对高电压母线的谐波治理和无功补偿。在不改变低压有源滤波器内部结构的前提下,可以替代高压有源电力滤波器完成补偿任务,降低设备投资。低压有源滤波器电压等级较低,可以降低设备运维难度,并能提高运维人员的安全系数。通过PSCAD/EMTDC数字仿真和现场实物试验,验证了相关设计的有效性和可行性。     

公开密钥加密体系和数字签名技术的研究

为了保障网络中数据通信的安全、网上用户身份的识别和电子商务、电子政务中网上交易的安全 ,介绍了公开密钥加密体系 (PKI)和数字证书 (DC) ,以及RSA算法实现数字签名和多人签名技术的实施 ,并介绍了多种有效的数字签名方法 ,包括一对一签名、多重数字签名     

基于风险的继电保护定值薄弱区域在线辨识

在线校核对于提高电网的运行水平具有重要作用,但在应用于大规模电网时,由于不满足校核要求的保护数目较多,用户很难确定这些保护定值的薄弱程度。基于此,文中以距离保护为例分析了不满足校核要求时保护不正确动作的概率,并选取相对负荷损失量度其后果,实现了当前运行方式下基于风险的定值薄弱区域在线辨识;同时,从系统运行波动角度给出了历史运行方式下的定值薄弱分析。两者相辅相成,共同为用户及时制定合理的定值维护策略提供依据。工程示例验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

基于数据挖掘的新型低压窃电识别方法

针对现今反窃电技术往往采用单一算法分析,导致反窃电效果差强人意的现状,文中提出一种针对低压用户窃电的识别方法.剥离台区线损当中的技术线损部分,采用K-means聚类算法对处理过的线损数据进行分析,识别出线损率异常波动或持续偏高的台区,并根据聚类结果定义时间离散度来衡量窃电疑似度.分析异常台区下的用户,通过相关性分析研究...     

《继电保护和安全自动装置通用技术条件》新标准解读

为改善继电保护产品的技术性能,提高标准化设计水平,满足继电保护产品在设计、试验、检验及运行管理中的规范化要求,《DL/T 478—2013 继电保护和安全自动装置通用技术条件》已发布实施。针对新发布标准更改和补充的内容,详细论述了历次修订原因和技术背景,指出了标准改进依托技术发展的大原则;深入解读了标准中增加的性能要求、安全要求、检验规则的改进;推动继电保护设计和管理人员更为准确理解和贯彻现行标准。     

理顺电网与用户之间的产权界面

产权明晰是电网企业“政企分开”,实现企业转型和市场化运作的基础。分析了电网企业与用户之间界面、投资、产权和责任的现状,提出理顺电网企业与用户之间界面的改革建议,并系统论述电网企业与用户之间投资、产权、运行维护、安全及法律责任的分界点。结合广东省情况对业扩工程建设投资进行测算及投资效益分析和评估,提出了基本思路和实施意见。