采用泡罩与旋涡喷淋吸氨装置节约软水的措施

为了节约软水,降低能耗,清洗碳化清洗塔内原料气中的残留氨时,过去用软水洗涤,现改用未经处理的水洗涤。但在使用中,氨与水中的矿物质发生化学反应,生成硬而脆的水垢,将泡罩板、泡罩堵塞,气液不能充分接触,原料气中的氨含量偏高,结垢堵塞严重时,甚至将水带入高压机,使压缩机无法工作。于是,每月需停车一次清除结垢,影响生产。 为了继续使用硬水,必须解决泡罩问题。能否找到一种方法代替泡罩而同样具备其功能呢?我们想到喷淋装置。根据农用喷雾器的原理,只要水的压力达到一定     

青藏铁路公务动车传动系统

介绍了液力传动动力分散青藏铁路公务动车的主传动系统和辅助传动系统,分析了恒速控制箱的工作原理.     

冷凝液和软水的回收与利用

我厂合成车间尾吸塔利用软水冷却回收氨,其回水量约10～20米~3/时左右,尿素车间13kc/cm~2蒸汽冷却后产生的冷凝液约有24米~3/时左右,温度在120℃左右,过去长期得不到回收,既浪费了软水,又浪费了热能,还污染了环境。     

"神州"号动车车体顶盖漏雨的原因分析及改进措施

1问题的提出“神州”号动车是大连机车车辆有限公司生产的,其车体顶盖采用类似DF4D型机车的大顶盖。在天津机务段运用的过程中,相当一部分动车存在着顶盖漏雨的现象。动车顶盖渗水对列车的安全运行造成了极大的危害。首先,雨水的侵入很容易造成电气设备短路,甚至导致动车机破。     

高炉软水蒸发空冷器高效节能控制

系统分析了高炉软水蒸发式空冷器的运行及负荷特点,分析了造成实际生产过程中蒸发式空冷器的运行效率降低的主要原因,并针对性提出维持系统高效运行的控制方案.     

南昌动车液力传动系统的开发设计

通过系统地介绍南昌动车组中动车的传动系统的开发设计,综合论述了对动车功率的确定及性能方面的考虑;提出了传动箱、车轴齿轮箱、万向轴的设计方法;指出了今后内燃动车传动系统的开发方向.     

Fire extinct experiments with water mist by adding additives

The effects of fire extinguishment with water mist by adding different additives were studied.Tens of chemical substances (including alkali metal salt,dilution agent and surface active agent) were selected as additives due to their different extinct mechanisms.At first the performance of fire extinguishment with single additive was studied,then the effects of the same kinds of chemical substances under the same mass fraction were compared to study their influences on the fire extinguishment factors,including extinct time,fire temperature and oxygen concentration from which the fire extinct mechanism with additives could be concluded.Based on this the experiments were conducted to study the cooperate effect of the complexity of different additives.It indicated the relations between different firefighting mechanisms and different additives were competitive.From a large number of experiments the extinct mechanism with water mist by adding additives was concluded and an optimal compounding additive was selected.     

Gasification of coking wastewater in supercritical water adding alkali catalyst

In this study, the influence of alkali precipitation on the gasification of coking wastewater with KOH as catalyst at 540 °C, 25 MPa was investigated. Adding the KOH increased H₂ fraction and the gas yield. The alkali is accumulated in the reactor, and the catalytic effect was further improved with reaction time prolonging. The precipitated alkali in the reactor still showed high catalytic effect on the subsequent gasification of coking wastewater without further adding the alkali. The catalytic activity was slightly reduced owning to the transformation of KOH to K₂CO₃ and KHCO₃. A novel 4-lump kinetic model for coking wastewater in SCWG including feedstock, CH₄, CO, and CO₂ lumps is proposed. The kinetic parameters are estimated for each involved reaction.     

热电厂增加汽动给水泵工程的经济效益分析

包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司热电厂8#、9#锅炉新增加1台汽动给水泵后,不仅节约了厂用电量,而且汽动泵的排汽并入厂内低压蒸汽管网后,还可用来供热或加热除氧器。经生产实践检验证明,热电厂改造为汽动给水泵后,可以提高企业的经济效益和节能效益。     

Development of tree-shaped flows by adding new users to existing networks of hot water pipes

This paper describes the optimization of a tree-shaped system of insulated pipes for the distribution of a stream of hot water over an area. The area is covered uniformly by users who must receive the same flow rate of hot water. The network of pipes is developed in steps. Each step consists of attaching to an existing network an extension (one new user) that is placed in the position that maximizes the temperature of the water received by the new user. The network grows `one-by-one', i.e., by one new user at a time. Networks with up to 16 users are optimized in this manner, and their geometric features and thermo-fluid performance are documented. These one-by-one trees of hot water flows are compared with corresponding `constructal' trees that are obtained in steps of pairing (doubling), i.e., connecting together two identical area constructs of the same size. It is shown that although the constructal trees perform the best (uniform water delivery at the highest temperature), the one-by-one trees approach the same level of performance as they become more complex. It is also shown that the geometry of the insulated tree structure is relatively insensitive to how the insulation is distributed over all the pipes. The thermal performance of the structure is relatively insensitive to how finely the distribution of pipe sizes and insulation radii is optimized.     

变频及软启动在恒压供水系统中的应用

本文分析了一般供水系统中存在的问题 ,阐述了采用交流变频调速结合软启动器控制方案的经济性和优越性。介绍了变频器和软启动的控制原理及系统特点 ,给出了运行结果。     

In-situ visualization of liquid water in an operating PEMFC by soft X-ray radiography

In order to visualize the liquid water in a PEMFC, in-situ soft X-ray radiography technique has developed. Low energy X-ray in soft X-ray range makes it possible to visualize the liquid water in a PEMFC. The temporal and spatial resolution of the technique were improved and the real-time imaging was realized. Through-plane and in-plane visualization tests of an operating PEMFC were carried out. The results of through-plane visualization tests showed a strong separation of the liquid water between the under rib area and the under channel area, and non-uniform distribution of liquid water with the range of several dozens to hundreds of μm was observed. In addition, the liquid water discharge behavior near under the rib area was observed by an in-plane visualization test. These results suggested the importance of a detailed understanding of the liquid water transport processes inside the PEMFC, and the soft X-ray radiography makes this investigation possible.     

降低柴油机排放污染物的措施

介绍了几项降低柴油机排放的实用措施及其原理、应用中应该注意的事项、相互影响的关系，并通过部分试验数据对相关措施进行了验证。     

Synergistic effect on hydrolytic sodium borohydride adding waste Al for hydrogen generation

Synergistic effect of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) mixed with waste aluminum in hydrolytic system were investigated to improve the hydrogen generation (HG) efficiency. The alkaline aqueous originated from NaBH₄ hydrolysis impels the passive aluminum hydroxide film of Al surface to be dissolved, thus, mutual effect of HG amount increasing by 88% and 50% for Al powder and waste Al can, respectively. To add acid catalyst in the mutual mixture system prompts to significantly accelerate HG rate from 100 ml/min˙g to 400 ml/min˙g but raising temperature is not obviously found. It is speculated that exothermic effect dominates the NaBH₄ hydrolytic reaction and eliminates the temperature effect. In this study, the mutual hydrolyzed reaction of NaBH₄ and waste Al provides ecofriendly environment, low cost and enables to achieve higher HG rate and further uses for portable/mobile fields.     

在DF4型机车上增设防飞车装置的探讨

1引言 "飞车"是DF4型机车柴油机常见故障,其破坏性极大,以往对引起柴油机"飞车"故障的原因研究得比较深刻,但是对运行中柴油机发生"飞车"时所采取的补救措施却没有新的进展.目前,机车在运行中发生"飞车"故障时,乘务员的处理方法主要是关闭4K,因为到机械间处理一般时间不允许.针对这种现状,我们提出了在柴油机燃油管路系统加装改造方案,以期望更好地解决柴油机"飞车"故障.     

CFB锅炉炉内添加石灰石脱硫对床温和锅炉效率的影响

通过在石狮热电厂一台 35t/hCFB锅炉 (DG35 / 3 82 - 17型 )上进行的炉内添加石灰石脱硫工业性实验 ,得到炉内脱硫反应过程会造成床温小幅度的下降 ,并按本实验工况计算 ,锅炉热效率也略微有所降低。但同时指出燃烧福建Ⅱ类无烟煤可以采用这种经济而简单易行的脱硫方式