几种气浮除油工艺的应用比较

以加压溶气气浮、涡凹气浮、诱导气浮3种应用较广的气浮除油工艺为研究对象,分别从气浮除油原理、工艺设计、操作运行、投资等方面分析了各自的特点及适用场合。加压溶气气浮工艺除油效率高、处理效果稳定,附属设备却较多,操作复杂;涡凹气浮工艺设备简单、占地小,但对进水负荷变化的适应性较差;诱导气浮工艺设备简单,适用于对污水中溶解氧要求严格的密闭处理系统。     

应用涡凹气浮技术处理回收污水及含油污泥

为了提高污水回收系统的污水处理效果,保证水质合格,应用涡凹气浮技术,可以明显降低回收污水中含油及悬浮物含量,而经过气浮产生的油渣和污水岗排放的含油污泥,通过带式压紧装置逐级压榨脱水形成固化泥饼.从现场的应用情况来看,取得明显效果.     

WAF涡凹气浮机在炼油污水处理中的应用

在炼油污水处理中，通过对WAF涡凹气浮机气浮工艺和传统的部分加压溶气式浮选工艺的使用对比，结果表明WAF涡凹气浮机性能优越，除油效果好，应用前景广阔。     

气浮净水设备在水处理中的应用

总结了气浮净水技术的影响因素 ,包括溶气系统、释气系统、分离系统和排渣方式 ,并介绍了浅层气浮、共聚气浮、涡凹气浮、THK引气气浮 4种目前研究应用较为广泛的气浮净水设备的原理和应用现状 ,最后分析了气浮净水技术的发展方向。     

含油污水气浮除油技术进展

污水含油直接制约污水生化处理效果,气浮除油是一种广泛采用的方法。比较了不同气浮方法的优缺点,总结了电解气浮、散气气浮、溶气气浮、涡凹气浮,以及聚结+气浮、气浮+磁分离、旋流+气浮组合工艺的除油效果及应用现状,指出了气浮工艺的发展方向。     

溶气气浮和涡凹气浮的比较及适用场合

溶气气浮和涡凹气浮是废水处理中两种最常用的气浮工艺。本文深入比较分析了溶气气浮和涡凹气浮的工作原理、系统组成、气泡产生特点及优缺点等,以及由此提出了两者的适用场合。在实际应用中应根据废水性质合理选用。     

污水处理技术的研究与应用

针对污水处理系统的特点,分析了涡凹气浮、除磷、除铁、除锰和污泥脱水等难点问题,提出一套污水处理系统升级方案,并加以实施,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

煤热解废水的气浮除油技术

指出了煤热解废水中油脂的存在形态主要为浮油、分散油、乳化油、溶解油及固体附着油,对常见的适用于煤热解废水的气浮除油技术,如诱导气浮、加压溶气气浮、旋流气浮一体化、涡凹气浮、溶气泵气浮、浅层气浮、电化学气浮及超声波气浮技术及特点进行了介绍,并对工程化应用中的气浮除油技术选型问题进行了分析讨论。     

新型“U”型板溶气气浮装置浓缩生化污泥的应用

介绍新型"U"型板溶气气浮装置以及"U"型板的工作原理,重点分析"U"型板溶气气浮对生化污泥的浓缩效果。在不同的污泥负荷、溶气回流比、PAC以及PAM加药量的情况下,进行气浮中试试验,寻找最佳的试验工况。试验结果表明,当污泥负荷为57 kg/(m^2·h)、溶气回流比为35%、PAC加药量为30 mg/L、PAM加药量为8 mg/L时,气浮出泥的污泥含固率能稳定在5.55%左右,"U"型板溶气气浮对生化污泥的浓缩效果很好。这对实际生产中气浮工艺取代二沉池以及重力浓缩池提供了现实可行的指导意义。     

气浮、微滤／超滤工艺处理腈纶工业废水研究

文章通过试验研究了涡凹气浮工艺、微滤超滤工艺对二步法湿法腈纶工艺废水的处理效果,气浮试验表明该废水CODcr去除率与加药气浮装置的气水比成正比,试验中最高可达30％,微滤超滤试验显示腈纶二级生化出水中有机物分子量分布中6000～67000道尔顿占13％,超过67000道尔顿占2％,超滤对CODcr去除率最高可达15％,但涡凹气浮工艺、微滤超滤难以提高腈纶废水可生化性。     

加压溶气气浮技术在印染废水活性污泥处理后的应用

针对印染废水经过射流曝气活性污泥法处理后的絮体十分轻飘,沉降困难,沉淀效果难以令人满意的特点,将加压溶气气浮技术应用于印染废水的处理。通过工程现场实际运行发现：应用加压溶气气浮技术处理印染废水悬浮物的去除效果好。     

Role of mineral flotation technology in improving bitumen extraction from mined Athabasca oil sands—II. Flotation hydrodynamics of water-based oil sand extraction

Bitumen flotation hydrodynamics in water-based oil sand extraction is critically reviewed by comparing aeration of oil sand slurries with mineral flotation. The role of the two-stage particle-bubble attachment model in flotation is emphasized as a means to accelerate bitumen flotation recovery. It involves the generation of micro/nanobubbles and their frosting on hydrophobic bitumen droplets, followed by their attachment to a flotation-size bubble via its coalescence with the nanobubbles frosted on the bitumen. Nanobubble generation by hydrodynamic cavitation demonstrates that the size of nanobubbles can be reduced, and the number of nanobubbles increased by fast liquid flow, intensified agitation, high dissolved gas content and surfactant concentration. The mechanism of pre-existing gas nuclei in enhancing nanobubble generation by cavitation is utilized to produce a large volume of stabilized nanobubbles for practical flotation, by continuously recirculating the stream through a gas saturation tank or a cavitation tube. The aeration of oil sand slurries in hydrotransport pipelines is analyzed based on its similarity to dissolved air flotation. Bitumen extraction recovery increased significantly with the presence of nanobubbles in the system. The role of improved flotation hydrodynamics in bitumen recovery is briefly discussed in terms of the Suncor operation using flotation columns to process oil sand middling streams. Future research should be directed at understanding bitumen flotation kinetics, optimizing size ranges of nanobubbles for maximized flotation recovery, minimizing wearing of cavitation tubes in industrial operations, and intensifying the role of in-situ nanobubble nucleation on hydrophobic particles/bitumen droplets in flotation, especially for bitumen extraction from underperforming oil sands.     

含油污泥资源化处理方法进展

为更好地回收含油污泥（即油泥）中可用资源,国内外油泥资源化处理方法不断更新和突破,并在室内实验研究阶段取得较好的处理效果。本文从油泥的高温热处理法、常温法、低温冻融法三个方面综述了热解、微波、萃取等油泥资源化处理方法的研究进展、优缺点以及适用条件等。热解法油品回收率达95.8%,具有油泥处置彻底、油品回收质量高的特点。电动力学法处理油泥,油泥减量化达44.3%,采用浮选法,油泥减量化达95%,两种方法均具有操作简单、易实施、适合大批量处理的特点,工程化应用潜力较大。油泥来源不同,性质各异,采用单一技术难以实现大量油泥的资源化和无害化目标。多项技术联合,如热解法联合浮选法或电动力学法处理大规模油泥能提高油品回收率和质量,降低残油率和处理成本,将成为油泥资源化处理技术的发展方向。     

肠衣废水气浮预处理泥渣脱水性能研究

针对肠衣废水处理过程中气浮池排出的泥渣含水率高、比阻大的特点,以三氯化铁(FeCl3)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)为脱水剂,通过单因素实验预处理肠衣加工生产浮渣,结果表明:无机脱水剂中三氯化铁效果更佳,有机脱水剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,投加量分别为干污泥质量的8%和0.25%,处理后的污泥比阻分别为0.2468×10^9 s^2/g和0.2706×10^9 s^2/g。通过双因素实验预处理肠衣加工生产浮渣,结果表明:当三氯化铁和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的投加量分别为干污泥质量的4%和0.125%,脱水效果达到最佳,处理后的污泥比阻为0.2468×10^9s^2/g;在此实验加药条件下,某污水处理厂通过板框压滤机对气浮池产生的泥渣进行脱水性能实验,使其处理后肠衣水浮渣的含水率达到60%以下。     

炼油污水处理装置优化技改与运行

某炼油污水处理厂均质单元、气浮单元、砂滤单元由于进水水质、流量的变化以及工艺落后等原因已经不能满足处理要求,影响了处理厂整体的处理量和处理效果。通过拆除均质罐内固定收油系统,安装浮动环收油器;将一级气浮工艺中的部分溶气气浮法改为涡凹气浮法;拆除砂滤池,安装连续动态絮凝砂滤机,对以上3个单元的工艺进行优化改造,使处理水量和处理效果均得到了大幅提升,同时减少了加药量,降低了运行能耗。     

浮沉池工艺在北方地区水库水处理中的应用

北方地区水库水的温度、浊度和藻含量,随季节或气候变化高低交替,严重影响常规供水处理工艺的处理效果。浮沉池工艺结合了气浮和沉淀的优势功能,可以较好地应对水质变化,其处理优势有:水力负荷高、池体紧凑、截留悬浮固体的效率高、高水力负荷下除藻能力强、出水水质优良且稳定、启动迅速、对原水水质和水力负荷有较强的抗冲击能力等。该文基于投产使用的多座浮沉池的运行参数,分析认为浮沉池工艺在处理北方地区水库水时的相关参数范围是:溶气压力为0.3~0.35 MPa,回流比为7%~9%,反应时间为10~20 min,表面负荷为9~11.5 m3/m2.h。     

Development of water re-use treatment system for municipal wastewater

The move for environmental protection and preservation of clean water sources has given rise to the latest tendency in Japan toward reuse of waste water after advanced treatment. As a means of saving water and securing water sources, water reuse systems are beginning to be installed to treat waste water for reuse as flushing water and cooling water for air conditioners.This study was conducted with the aim of developing a compact high-performance water treatment system that may meet the stated requirement.Most water reuse systems in practical use today are based on biological treatment. With this process, treatment is slow and equipment takes up much space. In addition, it involves a large amount of sludge.In an attempt to overcome these disadvantages, we developed a physico- chemical treatment technique that combines the three elementary techniques of dissolved air flotation, foaming separation, and activated carbon packed electrolyzer, and that permits multifunctional treatment with compact equipment. The activated carbon packed electrolyzer, which forms the core of the new system, is a newly developed technique. The purification mechanism was established, and conditions of application to actual waste water were determined. The electrolyzer was combined with the dissolved air flotation and foaming separation methods, to make up an optimum system.With a 10 m³/d trially manufactured apparatus, a demonstration test on reuse of sewage was performed to study the performance and economics of the system. The desired target was achieved and prospects were gained for commercialization.     

The treatment of anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent by pressurised activated sludge

The application of the pressurised activated sludge process in the secondary treatment of anaerobically digested liquor of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as influent under various physical conditions was studied. Separation of the particulates was by way of a dissolved air flotation unit. Results showed that a high efficiency in pollutant removals could be achieved and the final treated water was of good effluent quality. The high efficiency of the process was linked to the high rate of oxygen transfer at elevated pressure in the reactor. With a dissolved oxygen level of 10–14 mg dm^?3 in the reactor, filamentous growth and sludge bulking were prevented. The kinetic coefficients for the process were also evaluated. It is envisaged the process could complement the anaerobic digestion in a two-stage complete treatment system for POME.     

湿式氧化处理高浓度难降解有机污水的研究进展

湿式氧化技术已经成为处理高浓度难降解有机废水和污泥的有效手段之一。本文介绍湿式氧化催化剂发展状况及反应机理,重点介绍目前已实现工业化的各种湿式氧化技术,并展望湿式氧化技术的发展和应用前景。