关于"热舒适"的讨论

指出了人体热反应研究中关于热舒适的一些模糊概念及对热舒适与热感觉关系的含混认识。分析了热舒适与热感觉的不同含义、现有的不同解释及两者的稳态和动态条件下的差别。     

上海地区适应性热舒适研究

为研究上海地区人体热感觉和适应性热舒适现状,通过环境参数测量和问卷调查结合的方式来分析和探讨室内外气候条件、服装热阻、热感觉等关系。本文主要涉及自然通风建筑内人体热感觉和热中性温度随季节变化的关系。结果表明:在适应性热舒适研究中,人体中性温度与室外环境温度具有较强的相关性,得到的上海地区适应性热舒适模型可为适合我国自身特点的热舒适研究提供依据。     

关于"热感觉"与"热舒适"的讨论

对哈尔滨市居民的热感觉与热舒适状况的调查结果表明：热感觉投票值分布频率与热舒适投票值分布频率是有差异的。对新加坡现场调查结果的分析数据也表明：热感觉与热舒适是不同的,热感觉和热舒适既仔在于稳态热环境中又存在于动态热环境中。     

局部热舒适性研究现状与展望

本文介绍了局部热舒适性的研究背景和主要进展,主要包括局部环境参数与局部热感觉的关系、局部环境参数与局部生理参数的关系、局部生理参数与局部热感觉的关系、不同部位的热感觉对整体热感觉的影响权重、局部热感觉对整体热反应的影响共5个方面,并且提出了今后的研究方向.     

哈尔滨高校教室热舒适现场研究

为了研究高校教室在学生上课期间的热环境和人体热舒适,在哈尔滨高校教室进行了现场研究。在测量室内热舒适参数的同时,学生填写对室内环境的热感觉和热舒适主观调查表,共调查了1285人次,得到了1285份人体热反应的样本。现场测试结果表明,哈尔滨高校自然通风教室全年人体热中性温度为23.4℃(t0)。     

托幼建筑中的幼儿热感觉和热舒适研究

通过对幼儿的热感觉问卷调查发现幼儿与成人存在的差异性,分析了造成幼儿与成人热感觉差异的主要原因,指出对幼儿的热舒适产生影响的主要因素.并以此为基础,强调"益于健康的温度范围"对幼儿园室内热环境的意义,提出了关于幼儿热感觉和室内热环境设计的几点结论,作为指导幼儿园室内热环境设计的理论依据.     

湿热地区夏季户外遮阳对人体生理温度与热舒适的影响

在全球气候变暖的背景下,湿热地区城市热环境面临着严峻的挑战,户外遮阳是改善城市热环境的有效措施,为探析夏季户外遮阳空间下人体生理量的变化与热舒适特点,选取无遮阳、植物与高架桥遮阳三类空间为研究对象,在夏季对其热环境参数与人体生理温度进行监测,并对人体热感觉和热舒适展开同步问卷调研。结果表明：从室内转向室外,人体生理温度变化主要分为两个阶段,第一阶段呈现不同程度的增大,无遮阳环境各生理温度增长速率均明显高于遮阳环境;第二阶段人体逐渐适应室外环境达相对稳态后,生理温度在一定范围内波动,期间无遮阳环境平均皮肤温度均值为34.42℃,分别高出植物与高架桥遮阳环境1.31℃与1.49℃;热舒适投票均值为1.24,分别高出植物与高架桥遮阳环境1.09和0.91个单位。此外,无遮阳环境下人体主观投票随停留时长变化明显,1 h内TSV与TCV均增大了约0.5个单位,而有遮阳环境的投票值则表现相对稳定。研究结果可为完善热适应模型、改良室外热舒适实验及理解城市微气候舒适感受机理提供数据支持与参考。     

严寒地区春季教室内知识背景对热舒适影响的研究

为了研究教室的热环境和人的知识背景对人体热舒适的影响,本文对哈尔滨某高校自然通风教室春季热环境与热舒适性进行了现场研究。在介绍热舒适相关知识前后进行了2次现场调查,在学生填写热舒适主观问卷调查表的同时测量热环境参数,收集了86人次的人体热反应样本。结果表明,受试者在学习热舒适理论之前,对热环境的接受率高,而在学习热舒适理论之后,对热环境的接受率低,表明人的知识背景对人体热舒适的影响较大。     

哈尔滨市住宅环境热舒适测试结果分析

对哈尔滨市冬季居民热舒适现场研究结果做了进一步分析和总结，重点讨论了不同性别的人体热感觉和热中性温度及预测不满意百分数PPD的最小值问题，并与寒冷地区及其他热舒适现场研究结果进行了对比分析。     

非空调环境下性别与热舒适的关系

对长沙某高校的600多名学生进行了为期一年的现场问卷调查,对有关空气参数进行了测量。统计分析结果表明,女性的耐寒能力比男性差;预期平均评价PMV指标对男女热感觉的预测效果较差;男女对湿感觉的评价无较大差异,只在温度较低时,女性比男性觉得更潮湿;女性的吹风感比男性强;热舒适评价不仅受热、湿感觉影响,还受其他环境因素及心理因素的影响。     

均匀和不均匀热环境下热感觉、热可接受度和热舒适的关系

对30名受试者采用问卷调查的方式,研究了均匀热环境和不均匀热环境下人体全身热感觉、热可接受度和热舒适的关系。结果显示,在均匀热环境下,全身热感觉、热可接受度和热舒适具有较强的线性相关关系,可接受范围涵盖了(0,1.5)的热感觉投票和"舒适"与"稍有不适"标度范围内的热舒适投票;在不均匀热环境下,全身热可接受度与热舒适密切相关,而全身热感觉与热可接受度和热舒适出现分离,热感觉不均匀度是其原因。综合考虑全身热感觉和热感觉不均匀度的影响,提出了综合评价模型。经验证,该模型适用于全身热状态为中性偏热的均匀和不均匀热环境。     

关于热感觉和热舒适与热适应性的讨论

系统地论述了人体热舒适研究的发展过程,讨论了热感觉、热舒适及热适应的定义,并分析了热感觉与热舒适的差异及与热适应性的关系,得出了人们对同一热环境有不同的热感觉及热舒适性,主要是由于人体的适应性产生的。     

人体热舒适区的实验研究

采用问卷调查的形式实验研究了空气温湿度对人体热舒适性的影响，分别根据热感觉投票值和热舒适投票值确定了人体热舒适区。研究发现，80％满意率的温度范围为22．1-27．5℃，试验得出的夏季舒适区范围比ASHRAE Standard 55-1992中夏季舒适区的温度上限高1．5℃。     

Overall thermal sensation,acceptability and comfort

The relationships between overall thermal sensation, acceptability and comfort were studied experimentally under uniform and non-uniform conditions separately. Thirty subjects participated in the experiment and reported their local thermal sensation of each body part, overall thermal sensation, acceptability and comfort simultaneously. Sensation, acceptability and comfort were found to be correlated closely under uniform conditions and acceptable range ran from neutral to 1.5 (midpoint between ‘Slightly Warm’ and ‘Warm’) on thermal sensation scale and contained all comfortable and slightly uncomfortable votes on thermal comfort scale. Under non-uniform conditions overall thermal acceptability and comfort were correlated closely. However, overall thermal sensation was apart from the other two responses and non-uniformity of thermal sensation was found to be the reason for the breakage. Combining the effects of overall thermal sensation and non-uniformity of thermal sensation, a new thermal acceptability model was proposed and the model was testified to be applicable to uniform and non-uniform conditions over a wide range of whole body thermal state from neutral to warm.     

Revisiting thermal comfort models in Iranian classrooms during the warm season

The validity of existing thermal comfort models is examined for upper primary school children in classroom settings. This is of importance to enhance productivity in the learning environment and to improve the control of artificial heating and cooling, including the potential for energy savings. To examine the thermal perceptions of children aged 10–12 years in non-air-conditioned classrooms, three sets of field experiments were conducted in boys’ and girls’ primary schools in Shiraz, Iran. These were undertaken during regular class sessions covering cool and warm conditions of the school year, polling responses from 1605 students. This paper illustrates the overall methods and reports the results of the warm season field survey (N?=?811). This investigation suggests that predicted mean vote-predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) underestimates children's actual thermal sensation and percentage dissatisfied in the investigated classrooms. The analysis shows that sampled children may be slightly less sensitive to indoor temperature change than adults. The upper acceptable temperature derived from children's responses corresponding to mean thermal sensations of +0.85 is 26.5°C, which is about 1°C lower than the ASHRAE upper 80% acceptability limit. This implies that sampled children feel comfortable at lower temperatures than predicted by the ASHRAE Adaptive model during the warm season.     

现场研究中热舒适指标的选取问题

对热舒适现场研究结果进行了总结，并对热舒适指标的选取、有效温度的计算、热感觉的表述方式等问题进行了讨论分析。认为当相对湿度在热舒适范围内时，采用有效温度作为热舒适指标并采用平均热感觉值，能更好地预测人体热感觉。     

高原低气压环境对人体热舒适性影响的研究初探

模拟了高原低气压环境,以问卷调查的方式进行了低气压环境下人体热舒适的实验研究,为低气压地区舒适性空调的设计提供了参考.     

Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments, part II: Local comfort of individual body parts

A three-part series presents the development of models for predicting the local thermal sensation (Part I) and local comfort (Part II) of different parts of the human body, and also the whole-body sensation and comfort responses (Part III). The models predict these subjective responses to the environment from thermophysiological measurements or predictions (skin and core temperatures). The models apply to a range of environments: uniform and non-uniform, transient and stable. They are based on diverse results from literature and from body-part-specific human subject tests in a climate chamber. They were validated against a test of passengers in automobiles. This series is intended to present the rationale, structure, and coefficients for these models so that others can test them and develop them further as additional empirical data becomes available. The experimental methods and some measured results from the climate chamber tests have been published previously.Part II describes a thermal comfort model with coefficients representing 19 individual local body parts. For each part, its local comfort is predicted from local and whole-body thermal sensations. These inputs are obtained from the sensation models described in Part I and III, or from measurements.