稀土在功能材料中的应用与新进展

较系统地介绍了稀土在功能材料中的应用与新进展 ,主要有稀土发光材料、稀土激光材料、稀土永磁材料、稀土超导材料、稀土储氢材料、稀土磁致冷材料、稀土超磁致伸缩材料、稀土催化剂材料     

近十年注浆材料的研究进展

研究了国内外注浆材料近十年的发展情况,对水泥类注浆材料、化学类注浆材料及其他注浆材料中主要的注浆材料进行了重点研究。主要研究了超细水泥注浆材料、水泥-水玻璃注浆材料、高聚物-水泥注浆材料、聚氨脂注浆材料、水玻璃注浆材料及环氧树脂注浆材料等。探讨了一些新兴的注浆材料,如微生物注浆材料、地聚物注浆材料。由于国内外对越环保越来越重视,总结注浆材料机理和性能的发展情况,还重点探讨了绿色注浆理念在各类注浆材料中的发展,并结合可持续发展理念对各类注浆材料的未来发展做了预测。     

我国应重点发展17类新材料

前不久，中国科学院半导体研究所研究员、中科院院士王占国在一个院士论坛上表示，新材料是国民经济、社会进步和国家安全的物质基础与先导，王占国建议我国新材料产业“十一五”规划应重点发展17类新材料，它们分别是：硅基微纳电子材料、光电子材料与器件、半导体固体照明工程材料与器件、全固态激光材料与器件、平板显示材料与器件、稀土功能材料、功能陶瓷材料、超级钢材料与技术、航空航天用关键材料、核能工程材料、高速铁路及汽车用材料、新型能源材料、生物医用材料、生态环境材料与技术、海水淡化材料与技术、纳米材料与技术以及超导材料。     

二氧化碳捕获材料的研究进展

简要阐述了近年来二氧化碳的减排、捕获等最新技术的研究进展,着重介绍了二氧化碳捕获材料的研究状况,如醇胺类吸附剂、离子液体吸附材料、金属化合物材料、陶瓷材料、沸石分子筛材料、碳基吸附材料、硅胶材料等传统吸附材料及复合型材料、负离子选择性吸附材料等新型捕获材料.并对二氧化碳捕获材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

钠离子电池负极材料的研究进展

综述了近年来,国内外关于钠离子电池负极材料方面的研究进展,分别对碳基材料、合金类材料、金属氧化物材料、金属硫化物材料、金属磷化物材料等现有热门的钠离子电池负极材料进行了重点介绍,探讨了各材料目前存在的问题,以及现有的改性技术方案;并对负极材料未来的发展方向进行了猜测,指出受限于成本等因素,钠离子电池负极材料目前仍然以碳材料为主。未来,碳材料仍是目前最有望促进钠离子电池实用化的关键负极材料。     

聚合物基阻尼材料的研究进展

结合近年来聚合物基阻尼材料的研究成果,综述聚合物基阻尼材料的阻尼机理和国内外制备阻尼材料的传统技术方法和新技术方法。重点介绍压电阻尼材料、磁性阻尼材料、梯度阻尼材料和有机杂化阻尼材料的研究进展。指出阻尼材料的发展方向:一是制备具有宽温域范围、高阻尼因子的阻尼材料,二是制备功能化阻尼材料,三是制备绿色环保阻尼材料。     

除湿材料研究进展

综述了固体干燥剂、液体除湿材料、复合干燥剂、膜除湿材料、智能湿度控制材料及其他除湿材料的研究进展。指出了复合吸附剂、多孔材料的改性、绿色可降解材料、新型功能合成材料的研制将是开发高性能实用除湿材料的方向。     

功能高分子材料发展现状及展望

介绍了几种新型的功能高分子材料的发展及应用领域等,包括：光功能高分子材料、电功能高分子材料、反应型功能高分子材料、吸附分离功能高分子材料、生物医用功能高分子材料、液晶高分子材料等。并展望了功能高分子材料未来发展方向的热点,最后论及新型功能高分子材料的战略地位。     

吸附铀元素材料的研究进展

综述了吸附材料在吸附铀应用的研究进展。吸附材料包括无机材料、有机材料以及生物材料。     

固体储氢材料研究进展及展望

围绕物理吸附和化学吸附储氢材料制备及研究技术,总结归纳了碳基材料、有机多孔材料、氢化物材料、金属材料作为储氢材料的研究进展,对比分析了不同材料的储氢容量及优缺点,为固体储氢材料的应用提供了有效的分析数据。最后总结了固态储氢材料目前的技术难点,展望了该材料未来的发展方向。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

国外生物降解聚合物的种类及主要组分

据１９９６～１９９８年国外有关文献的汇集,由美,日,德等国主要研制,生产的生物降解聚合物种类为：１,单一型生物降解聚合物;（１）合成酯（酸）类;（２）淀粉基材料;（３）天然高分子材料;２、复合型生物降解聚合物;（１）不同种类的烃基互聚物;（２）烃酯（酸）／聚酯（３）脂肪族聚酯／芳香族聚酯共聚物;（３）淀粉基复合型,（５）光／生物降解聚合物;３、可生物降解水溶性聚合物。     

Book Reviews

Physico-Chemical Basis of Formation of Non-Woven Materials, V. 6. Tikhomirov, Legkaya lndustriya Publ. Moscow 1969. 328 pp. Rub. 2.29.

ADHESIVES FOR METALS. THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY, Nicholas J. DeLollis. Industrial Press Inc., New York 1970. 230 pp. $15.00.     

九种致癌染料剥色工艺的优化

针对纺织品上可能存在的九种致癌染料(C.I.酸性红26、C.I.分散橙11、C.I.分散黄3、C.I.分散蓝1、C.I.直接蓝6、C.I.直接黑38、C.I.直接红28、C.I.碱性红9、C.I.碱性紫14),本文研究并比较了不同剥色工艺对不同致癌染料剥色效果的影响.并提出选用加入尿素的甲醇作为剥色剂,使用超声功率为100W的超声波在70℃处理30分钟可以获得比较理想的剥色效果.     

The ruthenium(VIII)-catalysed oxidation of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal: An application of g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy for structural analysis

The oxidation of Illinois No. 6 coal proceeds readily with ruthenium(VIII) to provide a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The acids were converted into their methyl esters for analysis by g.c.-m.s. and g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy. Mono-, di-, tri- and tetracarboxylic acids are the principal products of the oxidation of this bituminous coal. The g.c.-FT-i.r. approach has enabled the detection of several different lactones that have not been observed previously. The results imply that cyclic ethers are present in low abundance in Illinois coals.     

Analysis of upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquid products

Upgraded coal-derived liquids obtained from catalytic hydroprocessing of SRC-11 and H-coal syncrudes have been studied by i.r., p.m.r., g.c.-m.s., and silica gel chromatography. With increase in residence time, nitrogen, oxygen and aromatics decrease, while naphthenes increase substantially. All the upgraded liquids show low viscosity at 298 K (1.3–1.4 mN s m^?2), even though saturate and aromatic fractions varied with processing severity. In the aromatic-1 fraction, 1 -ring aromatics increase, and 3-ring aromatics decrease, with increase in severity of hydroprocessing. G.c.-m.s. analyses indicate a marked qualitative similarity for saturate and aromatic fractions irrespective of syncrude source. Only the heavier end of the aromatic-1 fraction is noticeably different. Tentative identifications based on m.s. and g.c. retention times are made for most of the significant components. 600 M Hz p.m.r. spectra of the upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquids appear identical, but the n.m.r. difference technique revealed slight differences between the two liquids in concentrations of certain species.     

Characterization of coals and coal oxidation by magic-angle 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy

Magic-angle ¹³C n.m.r. spectra have been obtained for a series of vitrinite concentrates. Proper modification of the cross-polarization pulse sequence allows separation of protonated and nonprotonated carbon resonances. This technique is used to determine the relative fraction of nonprotonated aromatic carbons for each of the vitrinites, a parameter observed to decrease with increasing rank. Another parameter, related to the aromatic hydrogen content, is also calculated from these data and the results correlate with those from Fourier transform i.r. spectroscopy. The methods used for analysis of the vitrinite concentrates were then applied to the low-temperature oxidation of coal. The fractional aromaticity as determined by n.m.r. increases with longer oxidation times, indicating preferential attack on aliphatic structures. Here the FT-i.r. results are in quantitative agreement with those from n.m.r. Finally, the advantages of using various pulse sequences to extend the range of magic-angle n.m.r. and of combining FT-i.r. and n.m.r. results are discussed in the context of their potential for coal science.     

Mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide single crystals intended for structural applications

Conclusions New structural materials (single crystals obtained from partially stabilized zirconium dioxide) were studied. It was established that their physical and mechanical properties are certainly comparable to those of the other structural materials. We obtained new information regarding the mechanical behavior of the single crystals of zirconium dioxide that would facilitate further development of the technology of these materials and guide the studies on the mechanisms of their resistance to mechanical forces under different loading conditions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 14–17, 1991.The authors wish to thank V. I. Aleksandrov, M. A. Vishnyakov, Yu. K. Voron'ko, and V. F. Kalabukhov for participating in the research work concerning crystal growth and V. I. Galenko, A. V. Drozdov, A. V. Cheboryukov, and A. I. Fesenko for carrying out mechanical testing.     

NMR- und UV-VIS-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-Butadienen

N.M.R. and U.V.-VIS Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes ¹³C-n.m.r., d-n.m.r. and u.v.-vis spectroscopical data show that the push-pull character of the investigated butadienes is lowered by substitution at the carbon atom in 3-position of the butadiene chain.