Das Problem der Behindertenselektion bei der pränatalen Diagnostik und der Präimplantationsdiagnostik

Definition of the problem: Are selective abortion and preimplantation diagnosis to be criticized for discriminating against the disabled? Arguments and Conclusions: The answer is often said to depend on the position a person takes concerning the status of the embryo: If the embryo is a subject of human rights, the mother's decision not to accept the embryo (insofar as it may be justified at all) should be made irrespective of the child's disability status if the decision is to be non-discriminating. The following article (i) does not presuppose that the embryo is not a subject of human rights, (ii) argues that the mother is still not to be criticized for letting her decision depend on the disability status because many people consider, and everybody must be allowed to consider, such a status in matters concerning her or his sphere of privacy, (iii) argues that the intuitive reserve against preimplantation diagnosis in the German public debate is rooted in something else than a concern for the rights of the rejected embryo-individuals, and that the problem should be discussed accordingly.     

Das Elend der Volksgesundheit

Definition of the problem Ethical questions of public health are gaining increasingly more attention both in biomedical ethics and in public discussions. This paper confronts the main obstacles which hinder a fruitful discussion of this topic. Arguments The main conceptual reasons which cause these obstacles are identified. Conclusion A normative framework is suggested in which ethics of public health can be developed successfully.     

Priorisierung auf der Makroebene. Das Gesundheitswesen im Ensemble sozialpolitischer Leistungsbereiche

Definition of the problem Public health care consumes a large and growing fraction of fiscal resources devoted to social security in socio-economically advanced countries without necessarily improving population health or social welfare in general. Arguments Using various performance indicators, the article assesses the efficacy of public health spending in light of its opportunity costs, i.e., the budget constraints it imposes on other fields of social policy, in a cross-country comparison. The study confirms the findings of earlier research, namely that public health care exceeding a basic level of provision for the entire population yields remarkably little benefit, and that countries spending more than others do not necessarily achieve better health outcomes. Indeed, countries allocating a greater share of public resources to education fare better in several dimensions of social welfare, including aggregate health. Conclusion Under conditions of fiscal austerity, a policy shift that places greater emphasis on public education should be seriously considered, if necessary, at the cost of public health.     

《资本论》的辩证方法探析

由抽象上升到具体的方法,是《资本论》重要的研究方法。《资本论》揭示了众多的辩证法范畴．如内容与形式、现象与本质、原因与结果等。辩证方法的运用贯穿于《资本论》的全过程。     

Ethik in der Medizin in Aus- und Weiterbildung aus der Sicht der Philosoph

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

遗传算法在运输问题中的应用

A parallel algorithm for sloving transportation problems is presented. This algorithm avoids the difficulty that simplex algorithm cant parallel and cant solve integral problems. The crossover and mutation operator are effective for optimization problem of matrix constraints.     

Collaborative Problem in Multi-agent System

In the MAS, system goal task can be decomposed into many transactions, which will be achieved by special agents distributed in different physical space. Due to complex coupling relations among transactions,transactions may form Waiting-Circle resulting in deadlock. Concerning the problem, this paper proposes two theorems developed for Waiting-Circle detection in transaction set and ensures the implement of goal task decomposition result. Furthermore, Circle-First Search is put forward to search all of the Waiting-Circle, which provide the basic guideline for decomposing goal task again and eliminate Waiting-Circle.     

广义矩问题及其对偶问题

分析了广义短问题及其对偶问题的关系，获得了求解广义矩问题的方法。     

BASIC语言中一个容易混淆的问题

阐述了BASIC语言中逻辑量的表示方法和关系表达式的求值结果及使用中的注意事项，并利用逻辑量的特殊表达方式定义了分段函数，从而扩大了自定义函数的使用范围。