水/AOT/环己烷微乳液体系制备纳米CuO颗粒及其性质表征

纳米CuO是一种具有小尺寸效应、表面与界面效应、量子尺寸效应以及宏观量子隧道效应的纳米材料，广泛运用于催化、医药、抗菌及传感器方面。微乳法作为制备纳米CuO的有效的方法之一，能够制备出稳定性高、单分散性好、粒径小的纳米CuO颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪研究了纳米CuO的组成，采用扫描电镜研究了纳米CuO的尺寸和形貌，采用电化学工作站研究了纳米CuO的电化学性质。实验结果表明：所制备样品即为纳米CuO。纳米CuO的尺寸随着水油摩尔比的增加而逐步增大，但是纳米CuO的粒径分布越不均匀，说明它的单分散性并不是很好。纳米CuO的析氢电催化性能比20%Pt/C差。     

纳米CuO的制备及其对AP热分解的催化作用（英文）

采用湿法机械研磨法和真空冷冻干燥工艺,批量制备了纳米CuO,采用超声辅助-研磨法制备了纳米CuO/AP复合粒子。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了CuO和纳米CuO/AP复合粒子的结构及形貌,采用DSC-TG研究了纳米CuO/AP复合粒子的热分解性能。结果表明,制备的CuO颗粒粒径约为17nm,呈类球形;通过超声辅助-研磨法可使纳米CuO很好地分布在AP粒子表面。此外,质量分数2%的纳米CuO可使AP的高温分解峰温降低83℃,说明纳米CuO可作为一种添加剂,用于加速高氯酸铵的热分解。     

纳米CuO的制备及其表面改性

以氯化铜和碳酸钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备纳米CuO.分析了超声振荡时间、反应物浓度和反应物配比对纳米CuO在水溶液中分散性的影响,得到制备纳米CuO的最佳反应条件.选用两种典型类型表面活性剂对纳米CuO进行表面改性, 通过沉降实验,观察了其对纳米CuO在水溶液分散体系中悬浮稳定性的影响,筛选出适宜的表面活性剂.     

不同形貌纳米CuO催化氧化风化煤制取腐植酸的研究

分别采用超声辅助热沉淀法和水热法制备了片状纳米CuO(Cu O-s)和棒状纳米CuO(CuO-r)催化剂。以X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)手段对产物进行了表征。考察了两种形貌的纳米CuO催化剂在碱性条件下催化氧化风化煤制取腐植酸的活性。利用元素分析、红外光谱和E_4/E_6值分析研究了腐植酸产物的结构和性质,讨论了两种形貌的纳米CuO催化氧化对腐植酸产率、元素组成和官能团种类的影响。结果表明,两种形貌的纳米CuO均可显著提高腐植酸的产率,以CuO-r催化活性最高。与仅加入H_2O_2相比,加入CuO-r催化剂,腐植酸产率可提高16.36%,并且催化氧化所得腐植酸与天然腐植酸具有相似的元素组成和结构特征。     

纳米TiO_2、NiO和CuO的制备、表征及催化苯酚羟基化反应研究

分别采用均匀沉淀法和固相法合成纳米级的TiO2,NiO和CuO颗粒,用XRD,TEM等对其结构和形貌进行了表征,用纳米TiO2,NiO和CuO为催化剂,对苯酚羟基化反应的活性进行研究。结果表明,纳米TiO2,NiO和CuO颗粒催化苯酚羟基化反应具有较好的催化活性,苯酚的转化率分别达到25.3%,28.3%和27.5%。     

纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂的制备及其应用

采用三元溶胶-凝胶技术和超临界干燥法制备出纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂,用扫描电镜和元素分析仪对其颗粒表面进行形貌表征和元素分析;将其应用至交联改性双基推进剂中,研究了该复合催化剂对推进剂燃烧性能及火焰结构的影响,并与同配比的微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂进行了对比。结果表明,采用该方法制备的纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂颗粒分布均匀,单组分含量可以有效控制,PbO和CuO均匀负载在纳米炭上,颗粒尺寸为30~60nm,可有效改善交联改性双基推进剂的燃烧性能;当PbO、CuO、CB的摩尔比为5∶10∶3时,推进剂在10~20 MPa内的燃速压强指数可降至0.36;与含微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂的推进剂相比,含纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂的推进剂火焰燃面更不规则,火焰亮度和亮黄丝线明显增加,燃烧更为剧烈,表明纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂对交联改性双基推进剂催化效果明显优于微米级PbO/CuO/CB混合催化剂。     

一步合成纳米CuO及其催化降解玫瑰红B染料废水的应用研究

采用以硝酸铜、氨水和氢氧化钠为原料的沉淀法,一步合成出纳米CuO,并进一步考察这些材料对催化过氧化氢分解玫瑰红B染料废水的脱色性能。通过XRD、N₂-吸附脱附及SEM等表征手段对纳米CuO的结构进行表征。XRD结果表明,所获样品均为具有单斜晶体结构的纳米CuO。N₂-吸附脱附结果表明,纳米CuO是介孔结构,孔径多集中分布在3～4nm处。SEM结果表明,合成的纳米CuO为球状,且由大量的纳米CuO薄片自组装而成。脱色率测试结果表明,纳米CuO对催化H₂O₂降解玫瑰红B染料废水具有较好的效果,反应约2h的脱色率可达97%。     

纳米Cu-Cr复合金属氧化物的机械研磨制备及对AP的催化性能

为了增强纳米氧化铜对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化作用,采用机械研磨法批量制备了一系列摩尔比分别为1∶2, 1∶1, 1∶0.5, 1∶0.25的CuO/Cr_2O_3纳米Cu-Cr复合金属氧化物(纳米CuO/Cr_2O_3);采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征样品的微结构、表面元素和形态;通过热重(TG)分析和差示扫描量热(DSC)技术研究了纳米Cu-Cr复合金属氧化物对AP热分解的催化作用,讨论了纳米CuO/Cr_2O_3含量对AP热分解的影响。结果表明,与其他纳米Cu-Cr复合金属氧化物、单一纳米CuO和纳米Cr_2O_3相比,质量分数2%的CuO/Cr_2O_3(摩尔比1∶0.25)复合金属氧化物对AP热分解具有最佳催化效果,可使AP的分解温度从441.3℃下降到351.1℃,吉布斯自由能从199.8kJ/mol降至172.1kJ/mol,同时表观分解热从941J/g升至1778J/g,这可能是由于在高能研磨力场下,纳米CuO和纳米Cr_2O_3发生晶格变化促进其对AP热分解的协同催化作用。     

氰酸酯树脂/纳米氧化铜复合材料制备及性能

将无机纳米氧化铜(CuO)粒子加入氰酸酯树脂(CE),以有机锡(DBTDL)实现自由基引发,定量加入环氧树脂(E–54)制得CE/CuO系列复合材料.测试了复合材料的力学性能、导热性能和耐酸碱腐蚀性能,讨论了复合材料性能得以改变的原因.结果表明,无机纳米CuO粒子的引入,有利于CE基体树脂的聚合,无机纳米CuO粒子含量...     

腐植酸减轻小粒径氧化铜纳米颗粒对溪流微生物和叶片分解的毒性

正伴随纳米氧化铜(CuO)在日常消费品中使用不断增加,水生生态系统中这些纳米材料越来越多。水中溶解的有机物质(DOM)既可以与纳米颗粒相互作用降低其反应表面积,又可以影响纳米CuO对生物和生态过程的作用。通过模拟实验,研究了三种粒径的纳米CuO(平均直径为12、50、80nm,浓度为400mg/L)和DOM主要成分腐植酸(浓度为100mg/L)对溪流微生物和叶片分解的影     

CuO hollow nanosphere-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodides with thiols

New functionalized CuO hollow nanospheres on acetylene black (CuO/AB) and on charcoal (CuO/C) have been found to be effective catalysts for C-S bond formation under microwave irradiation. CuO catalysts showed high catalytic activity with a wide variety of substituents which include electron-rich and electron-poor aryl iodides with thiophenols by the addition of two equivalents of K₂CO₃ as base in the absence of ligands.     

Large-scale fabrication of ordered arrays of microcontainers and the restraint effect on growth of CuO nanowires

Technique has been developed to fabricate ordered arrays of microcontainers. We report that ordered microcontainer arrays of Cu can be fabricated on glass substrate by thin film deposition and self-assembly technology. In addition, CuO nanowires are found to grow only in the inner sides of microcontainers, which verifies the stress growth mechanism of CuO nanowires. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study reveals that CuO nanowires grow along the [110] direction. Such structure may have potential application in micro-electron sources, which have the self-focused function.     

Natural dye sensitized CuO nanorods for luminescence applications

In the present work, we have synthesized the CuO nanorods via a complex precipitation method using NH₃ H₂O as a complexing agent. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and EDXS revealed the formation of single phase CuO with a monoclinic crystal structure. Morphological analysis by Field Emission scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of CuO architecture. Optical analysis by UV–vis spectroscopy showed blue-shift in the optical band gap due to quantum confinement effect and light harvesting efficiency of CuO in Tabernaemontana Divaricata dye solution is also discussed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been employed in order to explore the optical emission properties of CuO nanorods. The growth mechanism for the formation of CuO nanorods has been proposed.     

Solvent-Free Microwave Promoted [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkyne-Azide in Uniform CuO Hollow Nanospheres

CuO hollow nanospheres on acetylene black (CuO/AB) have been used for the catalytic [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes without solvent, and within 1 min under microwave irradiation. The CuO/AB was readily separated by centrifugation, and could be reused five times under the present reaction conditions without any loss of catalytic activity.     

Experimental investigation of Co and Fe-Doped CuO nanostructured electrode material for remarkable electrochemical performance

The current research work presents a facile and cost–effective co-precipitation method to prepare doped (Co & Fe) CuO and undoped CuO nanostructures without usage of any type of surfactant or capping agents. The structural analysis reveals monoclinic crystal structure of synthesized pure CuO and doped-CuO nanostructures. The effect of different morphologies on the performance of supercapacitors has been found in CV (cyclic voltammetry) and GCD (galvanic charge discharge) investigations. The specific capacitances have been obtained 156 (±5) Fg^?1, 168(±5) Fg^?1 and 186 (±5) Fg^?1 for CuO, Co-doped CuO and Fe-doped CuO electrodes, respectively at scan rate of 5 mVs^?1, while it is found to be 114 (±5) Fg^?1, 136 (±5) Fg^?1 and 170 (±5) Fg^?1 for CuO, Co–CuO and Fe–CuO, respectively at 0.5 Ag^-1 as calculated from the GCD. The super capacitive performance of the Fe–CuO nanorods is mainly attributed to the synergism that evolves between CuO and Fe metal ion. The Fe-doped CuO with its nanorods like morphology provides superior specific capacitance value and excellent cyclic stability among all studied nanostructured electrodes. Consequently, it motivates to the use of Fe-doped CuO nanostructures as electrode material in the next generation energy storage devices.     

Peptide Assembly of Al/CuO Nanothermite for Enhanced Reactivity of Nanoaluminum Particles

Biological self-assembly procedures, which are generally carried out in an aqueous solution, have been found to be the most promising method for directing the fabrication of diverse nanothermites, including Al/CuO nanothermite. However, the aqueous environment in which Al nanoparticles self-assemble has an impact on their stability. We show that using a peptide to self-assemble Al or CuO nanoparticles considerably improves their durability in phosphate buffer aqueous solution, with Al and CuO nanoparticles remaining intact in aqueous solution for over 2 weeks with minimal changes in the structure. When peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanothermite was compared with a physically mixed sample in phosphate buffer for 30 min, the energy release of the former was higher by 26%. Furthermore, the energy release of peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanocomposite in phosphate buffer showed a 6% reduction by Day 7, while that of the peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanocomposite in ultrapure water was reduced by 75%. Taken together, our study provides an easy method for keeping the thermal activity of Al/CuO nanothermite assembled in aqueous solution.     

Cryogenic Microwave Dielectric Properties of Sintered (Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4 Doped with CuO and ZnO

The effect of CuO on the sintering temperature, microstructure, and the microwave dielectric properties of (Zr_0.8Sn_0.2)TiO₄ (ZST) has been investigated. The microwave dielectric properties of the ZST ceramics have been measured at cryogenic temperatures (15–290 K). The crystallite sizes of the sintered ZST ceramics are in the 30–50-nm range. The addition of CuO effectively reduced the sintering temperature to 1300°C due to the liquid-phase effects. The addition of CuO did not cause any secondary phases up to 1.5 wt% of CuO. It is found that the quality factor ( Q ) of the sample without CuO decreased with an increase in temperature, whereas the samples with the addition of CuO up to 1.0 wt% showed less dependence on temperature at cryogenic temperatures. The microwave dielectric properties of the ZST ceramics measured at cryogenic temperatures exhibited a Q factor of 15 000 for pure ZST and 11 800 for ZST with 0.5 wt% of CuO at 15 K. The increase in Q factor at cryogenic temperatures can be attributed to the reduction in both intrinsic and extrinsic losses in the ZST ceramics.     

Investigation of the influence of CuO filler and carbon fiber on wear and transfer film of nylon composites

Nylon 1010 composite specimens were prepared with CuO filler and short carbon fiber (CF) as the reinforcement. Friction and wear behavior of composite materials was investigated in a ring‐block wear tester. The results show that carbon fiber was more effective in reducing friction and wear of nylon than CuO filler. Nylon composite with 20% CF and 10% CuO content filler had the lowest wear rate that could not be obtained with any proportion of the fiber or the filler alone. It was found that the transfer film on the counterpart of 20% CF–10% CuO–nylon was thin, continuous, and uniform. These differences in tribological performance have been studied according to the synergism between the carbon fiber and CuO filler. The tribochemical studies by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that pure Cu, Cu₂O, and Cu(OH)₂ were produced due to the decomposition of CuO during sliding. Carbon fiber promoted the process of tribochemical reactions of CuO, which generated more pure Cu particle and then self‐lubricating transfer film including pure Cu was formed on the steel counterpart.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2397–2401, 2004     

A novel material based on cupric(II) oxide/macroporous carbon and its enhanced electrochemical property

A novel material based on cupric(II) oxide/macroporous carbon nanocomposites (CuO/MPC) has been prepared through a simple hydrothermal process. In the process of synthesis, the incorporation of MPC leads to a well-dispersed CuO nanoneedles on the surface of MPC. The new composite material combined the unique property of CuO and MPC, showed improved electrochemical activity towards H₂O₂ reduction and glucose oxidation. Based on the improved electrochemical property of CuO/MPC modified electrode, it can be used as sensor for the determination of H₂O₂ and glucose. In addition, the CuO/MPC modified electrode displayed good stability and antifouling features towards glucose oxidation. These results also indicate that CuO/MPC nanocomposites have of wide application foreground.     

CuO纳米材料的制备及应用研究进展

CuO是一种重要的p型半导体材料,已经被广泛的应用于超导材料、催化剂、磁存储材料、气体传感器、生物医学和锂离子电池等领域。各种形貌的CuO纳米材料,如纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米花等,已经通过铜的热氧化法、水热合成法和湿化学法等制备出来。CuO纳米材料因其广泛的应用越来越受到人们的关注,与此同时,目前制备方面存在的问题也应该进行相应的改进。