相控阵测量雷达波控系统优化设计

以某型相控阵雷达为例,从雷达波束控制的实现方法出发,对雷达波控信号完整性(SI)进行了理论分析.通过天线小阵实验,讨论了天线阵面电磁场对雷达波控信号的影响,实现了对雷达波控系统的优化设计.     

星载合成孔径雷达双极化天线阵研究

介绍了一种宽带双极化星载SAR有源相控阵天线阵,该天线以TR组件和双极化线阵组成的有源线阵为基础,并根据相控阵天线对雷达信号瞬时带宽的限制条件,选择合适的实时延迟子阵,结合结构安装的要求,构成电气独立的模块。在此基础上,根据雷达对天线孔径大小的需要,通过馈电网络激励拓展成大型有源相控阵天线,该天线可以通过波控灵活的控制和网络的合成,实现多极化、波束扫描、波束赋形和多通道等功能。其中对于双极化辐射天线,分别针对微带贴片天线阵和波导缝隙天线进行了分析和研究,并给出了实验验证结果。微带天线阵采用宽带的双层贴片辐射单元和并馈网络实现大带宽要求,两种正交极化模式分别由共面微带线和缝隙耦合来激励,其馈电网络居于开有耦合缝隙接地板的两侧,实现复杂网络空间安排和降低馈线耦合的功能。对于贴片单元的激励,采用对称、反相馈电和分组优化等方法,有效地提高了极化隔离度和极化纯度;而双极化波导缝隙阵中,以脊波导宽边纵缝谐振阵实现垂直极化,波导窄边非倾斜缝隙阵实现水平极化,在每种线阵中都通过分组馈电、过载技术和辐射/馈电波导一体化设计,实现了宽带和压缩横截面的目的。两种形式的天线阵比较,阵面剖面高度相当,微带阵具有宽带、轻质、易于加工和成本低等优势,而波导缝隙阵则具有高效、高隔离度和低交叉极化等性能,但是其缺点是结构复杂、加工难度大和重量大等。     

有源相控阵天线测试通用平台设计与实现

有源相控阵天线在完成装配之后要进行功能和性能测试,整个过程繁琐、复杂,并且不同架构的天线有不同的测试方法,现阶段天线测试系统多属于定制化研制。针对不同架构天线,提出通用化、标准化的测试硬件和构件化、模块化的软件平台,并基于某型雷达天线做了应用验证。结果表明天线测试通用平台相比于传统测试平台,测试精度基本一致,系统集成速度提升69%,软件复用率提升50%,开发人员能够快速、准确集成天线测试系统,使用人员能够使用标准天线测试流程提升测试效率,对有源相控雷达的研制具有重要意义。     

数字化相控阵天线测试方法及测试系统设计

伴随着雷达技术的飞速发展,数字化相控阵天线开始广泛运用于各种相控阵雷达当中;由于数字化相控阵天线的工作原理与传统模拟相控阵天线差异极大,测试方法也发生了根本性的改变,原有的基于普通微波仪表的天线测试系统无法再对数字化相控阵天线进行测试,必须设计新型的数字化相控阵天线测试系统;文章首先介绍了数字化相控阵天线自身的工作原理和测试方法,随后提出了新型数字化相控阵天线测试系统的具体软硬件设计方案,实际应用表明数字化相控阵天线测试系统可以满足各种数字化相控阵天线的测试要求。     

一种有源相控阵天线误差补偿方法

为了消除由于有源相控阵天线单元间互耦、天线的安装误差、天线方向图的不一致性和天线罩的影响等导致天线校正时与实际天线单元间幅相值存在的差异,采用了一种有源相控阵天线误差补偿方法,获得天线的误差值并保存在雷达校正计算机中,雷达进行校正时调用该值从而很好地消除了上述因素导致的在雷达使用中带来的影响,较好地改善了天线校正的幅相值和波瓣图,保证了雷达实际使用中达到预期指标要求。     

一种高隔离度的缝隙型超宽带MIMO天线设计

针对超宽带传输在无线通信系统中的要求,设计一种以FR4为介质基板的高隔离度超宽带MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)天线。天线类型为共面波导馈电的缝隙型,由两个正交放置的辐射单元组成,辐射贴片为拱形贴片,为了减小两个辐射单元之间的相互耦合,在接地板的对角线上增加了三条互相平行的矩形枝节。实测结果表明：该天线的工作范围为3.05～10.8 GHz,满足超宽带天线要求,并且端口隔离度S₂₁均低于-27 dB,峰值增益为4.5 dB,包络相关系数(Envelope Correlation Coefficient, ECC)均小于0.03,因此在超宽带领域具有良好的应用前景。     

基于PXI总线的相控阵雷达波束控制器测试系统

介绍了一种利用LabVIEW编程,基于PXI总线技术的某型相控阵雷达波束控制器的自动化测试系统。该系统采用了通用化、模块化的系统设计原则,并应用基于LabVIEW的图形化编程语言实现,设计开发了相控阵雷达波束控制器自动化测试设备,满足了大型相控阵雷达波控阵列信号测试要求。     

基于改进型中和线的MIMO天线设计

提出了一款适用于移动终端的多入多出(MIMO)手机天线。该MIMO天线由两个中心对称的天线单元构成,采用耦合馈电方式,拓展了天线带宽,保证了天线的小型化。通过地板中间引入T型枝节,天线单元之间用中和线进行连接,达到提高天线单元间隔离度的目的。仿真结果表明,该天线能够覆盖824 MHz~960 MHz和2 300 MHz~2 600 MHz两个重要工作频段,中和线上加载的集总电感元件能有效减小中和线的物理长度。对天线进行了实物加工测试,实物测量结果与仿真结果比较吻合。     

一种高集成综合馈电网络设计

随着应用环境和平台不断变化,相控阵雷达朝着高集成、多功能和超宽带的方向发展。高集成综合馈电网络是实现这一目标的重要途径之一。本文论述了高集成综合馈电网络设计方案,并详细阐述了数字电路、微波和电源电路一体化设计过程。该方案在体积、功耗和性能等方面明显优于传统分体式设计方法。多次试飞试验结果表明该设计方案可行、可靠,是相控阵雷达集成化设计的重要技术。     

VHF有源相控阵雷达数字收发单元设计实现

介绍了一种VHF有源相控阵雷达收发组件中的数字收发单元。采用分布式高速D/A和A/D分别实现为每个天线单元产生独立射频发射信号和采集每个天线单元接收的回波,使每个单元发射的波形和采集到的回波信号能单独处理。所有数字单元通过嵌入式以太网接口连接到主控计算机。该数字单元在雷达信号处理方面具有灵活性强\,高性能、可扩展和低成本的特点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.