纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的研究

以纳米SiO 2作为增强材料,制备了纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料,并研究了不同的纳米含量对灌封材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜(TEM)对纳米SiO2粒子分散情况进行了分析.结果表明,纳米SiO2均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地改善了环氧树脂的力学性能,并且当纳米SiO2含量为3%时,纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的力学性能最佳,其冲击强度和弯曲强度比环氧树脂分别提高98%和112%,同时电学性能也有所提高.     

改性纳米或微米SiO_2的分散方法对木粉-SiO_2/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

未改性和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTS)改性的纳米SiO_2和微米SiO_2作为增强相,采用直接分散(干分散)和溶液分散(湿分散)两种方法将SiO_2添加到聚丙烯(PP)基体中。将木粉(WF)作为改性相添加到SiO_2改性的PP中制备WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料,探索SiO_2粒径、分散度及界面改性对复合材料增强效果的影响。红外光谱显示改性后的SiO_2已经成功接枝到PP基体上;与未填充SiO_2的WF/PP复合材料相比,干分散模式添加质量比为9%的微米SiO_2或9%的纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的弯曲强度分别降低了21%和18%;然而,湿分散模式以VTS改性微米SiO_2和纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料弯曲模量分别提高了17%和22%,且抗蠕变性能也明显改善;通过干分散和湿分散模式添加微米SiO_2,均使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料冲击强度提高了17%。研究表明,在SiO_2粒子分散均匀且与基体界面结合良好的前提下,加入适量微米SiO_2或纳米SiO_2使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的冲击强度提高了15%～25%。     

二氧化硅纳米颗粒增强炭纤维/环氧树脂界面性能

纤维与基体间的界面性能是决定纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的关键因素。采用单纤维断裂实验方法研究二氧化硅纳米颗粒对炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的增强作用。实验结果表明,涂覆在炭纤维表面和均匀分散在环氧树脂基体中的二氧化硅纳米颗粒含量分别为4.9g/m2和25%(质量分数)时,复合材料界面性能均得到改善,界面抗剪强度相比纯树脂体系分别提高了10.0%和15.0%。通过对纤维断点处双折射光斑和样品断面形貌等信息分析,可知纳米颗粒均匀分散并镶嵌到炭纤维表面沟槽中形成的锁扣结构是界面性能提高的重要原因。     

纳米粒子改性环氧树脂及其复合材料力学性能研究

通过机械共混法制备了Al2O3纳米粒子改性环氧树脂基体,研究了纳米粒子含量对改性树脂基体力学性能的影响,并采用紧凑拉伸实验研究了纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的断裂韧性。利用改性树脂制备了玻璃纤维增强复合材料,研究了改性复合材料的力学性能与纳米粒子含量之间的关系。结果表明:纳米粒子的加入明显改善了环氧树脂基体的断裂韧性并且有助于提高树脂与纤维之间的界面粘接强度,因而使改性复合材料的层间性能明显提高而其他力学性能基本不变。     

纳米SiO_2/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料的合成及性能

以气相纳米二氧化硅为填料,交联聚苯乙烯(CLPS)为基体,采用原位本体聚合法制备了不同二氧化硅含量的SiO_2/CLPS复合材料,并利用透射电镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析和动态力学分析等技术对材料微观结构、热性能和介电性能进行了研究。结果表明,SiO_2质量分数不超过2%时,SiO_2颗粒以5~7 nm的粒径均匀地分散于交联聚苯乙烯基体中,聚合物基体与SiO_2产生较强的界面作用,形成了介电性能优异的纳米复合材料,介电常数和介电损耗分别保持在2.48~2.50和(4~8)×10-4之间;随着SiO_2含量进一步增加,材料的介电损耗显著增大,复合材料动态储能模量和玻璃化转变温度随SiO_2含量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在SiO_2质量分数为2%时达到最高,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度较纯CLPS有明显提高。     

高模量树脂基体及高抗压复合材料的研究

以高密度的环氧树脂 TDE-85作为基体,选择不同的固化剂,研制出了三种高模量高强度的树脂体系,并对其力学性能、微观结构、自由体积进行了研究。论文取得了如下创造性的研究成果:(1)制备了拉伸模量大于5.0GPa,压缩模量大于6.0GPa,拉伸强度大于80MPa 的树脂体系,并对其力学性能进行了测试,系统研究了模量与密度之间的关系,同时对其微观断口形貌进行了观察。(2)研究了高模量基体对玻璃纤维增强复合材料单向板各项性能的影响。结果表明,随着基体模量的提高,复合材料的拉伸性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能、剪切性能显著提高。玻璃纤维复合材料的压缩强度达1337.5MPa,弯曲强度达2324.6MPa。(3)利用纳米材料 SiO_2、TiO_2、α-Al_2O_3、改性双酚 A 型环氧树脂,解决了纳米柱子均匀分散的技术难题。系统研究了纳米拉子对环氧树脂拉伸模量、强度、冲击韧性、热变形温度的影响。以纳米 SiO_2、高强玻璃纤维共同增强环氧树脂,制备了纳米纤维环氧树脂复合材料。这一研究在国内尚未见报道。(4)利用正电子淹没技术测试了自由体积,首次用实验验证了模量与自由体积的密切关系。对于 TDE-85/胺体系,在环氧基/胺摩尔比相同的条件下,浇铸体密度降低,自由体积的尺寸与浓度增大,浇铸体的模量与玻璃化温度降低。纳米粒子的加入,使自由体积尺寸增大,自由体积浓度降低,模量与玻璃化温度升高。     

不同结构的颗粒填充对环氧树脂纳米复合材料性能的影响

通过溶液共混法制备了环氧树脂/纳米介孔MCM-41和环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料,研究了结构不同的填充颗粒、不同的填充颗粒含量及其复合材料的分散性与力学性能.结果表明,由于这种具有双重纳米结构(纳米级颗粒尺寸和纳米级的介孔结构)的介孔分子筛MCM-41能与基体形成新型网络复合结构,因此在纳米介孔MCM-41的含量适当(小于10%,质量分数,下同)时,纳米介孔MCM-41能均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地提高复合材料的拉伸强度.而含量较高(不低于5%)的实心纳米SiO2将在环氧树脂基体中产生大量团聚体,使复合材料的拉伸强度降低.     

TiO2/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的研究

以纳米TiO₂作为增强材料,制备纳米复合材料,研究了不同的纳米 TiO₂含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜对纳米 TiO₂粒子的分布进行了表征,采用正电子湮没技术(PALS),测试了自由体积的尺寸及浓度。结果表明,纳米粒子均匀分散于环氧树脂中,使环氧树脂的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、冲击强度得以提高;也使环氧树脂的自由体积尺寸增大。     

纳米SiO_2改性环氧树脂复合材料的低温力学性能研究

对环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料的低温力学性能进行了研究.在环氧树脂中加入SiO2形成复合材料,并采用对纳米颗粒表面进行硅烷偶联处理的方法实现了SiO2纳米粒子在树脂基体中的均匀分散.在液氮下对一部分复合材料进行冷冻,然后通过电子万能实验机和冲击实验机测试其低温力学性能,并与未冷冻的复合材料的室温力学性能进行比较.结果表明,复合材料低温下的拉伸强度比室温下的高,但冲击强度和断裂伸长率有所下降.     

纳米氧化锌负载氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)和纳米氧化锌(ZnO)具有优异的性能,但在环氧树脂中容易出现团聚现象,为解决这一问题,必须对其进行表面改性。以七水合硫酸锌为原料,将ZnO负载到GO表面,通过FT-IR,XRD,SEM,EDS,TG和接触角测试,纳米ZnO均匀分散在GO基体上,并可以在不改变GO片层结构的条件下,改善GO的团聚问题的同时降低GO的亲水性。然后将ZnO负载GO与环氧树脂制备纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料。结果表明:纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料力学性能和热稳定性明显提高,当ZnO/GO加入量为0.250%(质量分数)时复合材料综合性能最佳,拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比纯环氧树脂提高了99.87%,12.09%,98.35%和151.48%,吸水率比纯环氧树脂降低了81.48%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.