溶质元素对X80管线钢碳氮化物析出行为的影响

为了明晰X80管线钢凝固过程中析出物粒子析出规律。采用Thermo-calc软件对X80管线钢凝固过程中奥氏体、铁素体相转变温度,析出物类型,析出物开始析出温度与析出相最大质量分数进行热力学分析。计算结果表明:X80管线钢凝固过程析出相主要包括MnS相、AlN相、铁素体相及奥氏体相、富钛相碳氮析出相、富铌相碳氮析出相与碳化钒析出相。富钛相碳氮析出相析出温度为1 390℃,质量分数为1.2×10~(-4),析出相随C元素和Nb元素的含量增加而受到抑制。N元素和Ti元素含量增加会促进富钛相碳氮析出相生成,V元素质量分数增量对富钛相碳氮化物无明显规律。富铌相碳氮析出相在1 110℃析出,质量分数为1.3×10~(-3),随C元素和Nb元素的含量增加,促进富铌相碳氮析出相析出。增加N元素与Ti元素含量抑制富铌相碳氮析出相析出,V元素对富铌相碳氮化物无明显影响规律。碳化钒析出相析出温度为596℃,析出相质量分数为4.59×10~(-5),增加C元素和V元素含量利于碳化钒相析出,Nb元素含量增加对碳化钒相起到一定抑制作用。     

微合金元素V对热塑性的影响

<正>含V、N高的钢的连铸坯容易产生表面横裂纹。钒钢中随氮含量的增加,析出相中碳氮组分会发生明显的变化,低氮情况下,析出相以VC为主,高氮情况下,逐渐转变成以VN为主的析出相,当钢中氮质量分数达到0.02%以上时,在整个析出温度范围,均是析出VN或富氮的V(C,N),颗粒尺寸和间距也明显减小,热塑性降低。V     

钒微合金钢中碳氮化钒固溶量及化学组成的计算与分析

根据相关热力学理论,提出了钒微合金钢中钒、碳、氮元素在奥氏体中的平衡固溶量及平衡沉淀析出的碳氮化钒的化学式系数的理论计算方法,对典型化学成分的钒微合金钢进行了理论计算并对计算结果进行了分析。     

V（C，N）在奥氏体中析出的动力学行为及其对晶粒细化的作用

控制VN在奥氏体中的有效析出是利用VN诱导晶内铁素体细化铁素体晶粒的关键技术。本文采用应力松弛法研究了低碳钒氮微合金钢V（C，N）在奥氏体区的等温析出行为，结果表明，试验钢的析出-温度-时间（PTT）曲线呈典型的“C”形状，本实验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为870℃左右。增加钢中的碳、氮含量以及形变量等对PTT曲线有较大影响，均使“C”曲线向短时间方向移动，特别是氮含量对V（C，N）析出的影响最显著。V的高温析出促进了铁素体形核，产生了明显的晶粒细化效果。     

低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体中的析出动力学

控制VN在奥氏体中的有效析出是利用VN诱导晶内铁素体细化铁素体晶粒的关键技术。采用应力松弛方法研究了低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体区的等温析出行为。结果表明：试验钢的析出-温度-时间曲线(PTT)呈典型的C形,本试验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为870℃左右。钢中的碳、氮含量以及变形量对PTT曲线有较大影响,它们增加均使C曲线向左移,特别是氮含量对V(C,N)析出的影响最显著。在碳含量约为0．10％的试验钢中,当氮含量从0．0036％增加到0．0140％时,可使870℃的析出开始时间从400s缩短到70s左右。     

Fe-C-N-Al-Ti-V系在奥氏体中析出的热力学计算

建立了Fe-C-N-Al-Ti-V系在奥氏体中析出的热力学模型,计算结果显示:尽管VN(VC)的浓度积较大,但是通过增加钒的含量和氮的含量,也可以促进V在奥氏体中的析出,在氮含量较高的情况下,碳对V的析出影响较小;即使增加V、C和N的含量,V(CN)也主要是在较低的奥氏体温度析出,在较高温度析出较少;正因为V(CN)的浓度积较大,与Nb(NC)不同,在轧制之前采用较低的加热温度就可以使大部分的钒都固溶到奥氏体中,这样可以获得较小的初始奥氏体晶粒。     

钒对YQ450NQR1高强度耐候钢组织与性能的影响

以含钒YQ450NQR1高强度耐候钢为研究对象,通过光学显微镜、高分辨率电镜、相分析等方法,研究了不同钒含量试验钢的金相组织、钒析出行为,探讨了钒析出量与力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,试验钢热轧态组织为块状铁素体 珠光体;钒在钢中明显析出,析出相以VN或V(C,N)为主; 钒在YQ450NQR1钢中起明显的强化作用,并且钒的作用与氮密切相关.只要获得了较高的VN析出比例,试验钢的钒含量可以得到降低.     

S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢凝固相转变的热力学分析

超级奥氏体不锈钢广泛应用于海洋、环保、化工等苛刻腐蚀环境。由于合金化程度较高，凝固过程凝固偏析严重，析出相多且复杂。本文结合热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc，分析S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢在凝固过程中组织的组成和析出相的演变规律，主要合金元素Mo、Cr、Ni、N在凝固过程发挥的功能及其对相组织演变的影响，Mo-Cr元素交互作用对凝固相组织演变影响规律。结果表明，该钢种液固相线温度分别是1 394.4℃和1 358.6℃，平衡凝固路径是L→γ，非平衡凝固路径是L→L₁+γ→L₂+γ+δ→γ+δ+σ。Mo偏析是导致σ相析出的主要原因，δ相和σ相析出时，液相中Mo含量分别为8.5%和11.3%。     

铌钒微合金化控轧钢的相分析

本文采用电解萃取-化学相分析法配合透射扫描电镜与能谱仪,研究了铌钒微合金化钢的析出相和析出行为。结果表明,在控轧冷却过程中不断地析出一种铌钒复合碳氮化物(Nb,V)(C,N),其中的铌钒比随析出温度而变:高温区形成富铌的碳氮化物;在低温区形成富钒的碳氮化物。经过三阶段轧制后,铌几乎全部脱溶,而钒则大约有一半在固溶体中。定量地研究了应变后等温处理过程中的应变诱导析出和随之而来的回溶现象。     

T91耐热钢析出物的热力学计算和平衡相分析

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对191耐热钢(%:0.09C、8.57Cr、0.90Mo、0.19V、0.08Nb、0.04N)600～1600℃存在的平衡相M₂₃C₆和MX进行了热力学计算。结果表明,T91钢600～1600℃主要平衡析出相为M23C6和MX,M₂₃C₆开始析出温度860℃,MX为1200℃。MX相中首先析出富Nb碳氮化物,随后析出富V碳氮化物。随钢中Nb、V、N含量的提高,MX的数量和平衡开始析出温度均有提高,其中N的影响最为显著。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

正~~     

Zinc Production by Province in 2014

正~~     

80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.