原料配比对泡沫膏体充填材料性能的影响

以水泥、粉煤灰、煤矸石、膨润土等为原料制备了泡沫膏体充填材料,采用单因素试验研究了不同水料比条件下,原料配比对泡沫膏体充填材料流动度、凝结时间、干密度及后期抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明:流动度随水料比和煤矸石掺量的增加而增加,随发泡剂和膨润土掺量的增加而减小,但在高、低水料比条件下流动度随粉煤灰掺量的增加其变化趋势略有不同;凝结时间随水料比、粉煤灰、煤矸石及发泡剂掺量的增加而延长,而膨润土掺量则对其影响不大;干密度随水料比、粉煤灰、煤矸石及发泡剂掺量的增加而减小,随膨润土掺量的增加先减后增;后期抗压强度随煤矸石、发泡剂掺量的增加而减小,随膨润土掺量的增加先增后减,在高、低水料比条件下粉煤灰对其影响规律相反,此外高水料比有助于原料之间配合成型,对强度有益,但随原料掺量的增加其强度急剧下降。     

粉煤灰泡沫混凝土力学性能的研究

利用粉煤灰、石灰和水泥为原料,双氧水为发泡剂,制备粉煤灰泡沫混凝土,通过改变泡沫混凝土的水胶比、双氧水掺量和水泥掺量,测试其抗压强度,利用正交实验分析选出最优方案和最显著因素,并通过对泡沫混凝土断面照片进行黑白二值化处理,研究最显著因素与孔隙特征之间的关系。结果表明,双氧水发泡的粉煤灰泡沫混凝土抗压强度随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,随着双氧水掺量的增加而减小,随着水胶比的增大而出现减小的趋势,但是并不显著。随着泡沫混凝土水泥掺量的增加,泡沫混凝土的孔径逐渐减小。当水泥掺量为70%,双氧水掺量为3%,水胶比为0.55时泡沫混凝土力学性能最好。     

脱硫石膏基轻质保温材料的制备和性能研究

以建筑脱硫石膏为原料,分别通过物理发泡和化学发泡两种方式制备发泡石膏制品。通过测定石膏制品的抗压强度、导热系数、干密度等性能指标,评定发泡石膏工艺。结果表明,采用物理发泡法时,影响制品因素主次顺序为泡沫掺量水胶比HPMC掺量;采用化学发泡法制备发泡石膏制品时,发泡剂掺量直接影响发泡脱硫石膏的干密度、强度等性能,水灰比应控制在0.7左右,双氧水发泡剂掺量以6%为宜。     

镁合金表面TaC/TaC-Mg/Mg梯度涂层的 残余热应力分析

采用间歇式挤出发泡工艺制备淀粉/PVA复合发泡材料。在淀粉含量固定、甘油作为增塑剂的情况下,研究偶氮二甲酰胺（AC发泡剂）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）的含量对发泡材料的表观密度、发泡倍率、相对硬度、吸水性能、回弹性能以及压缩性能等的影响。结果表明：随着PVA含量的升高,复合材料的表观密度和压缩模量减小,回弹性能变好。PVA含量对吸水率影响不明显,吸水率稳定在20%左右。吸水至饱和状态后,相对硬度随着PVA含量的增加而不断增加。随AC发泡剂含量的升高,复合材料的表观密度减小,相对硬度降低,发泡倍率和回弹率增加,材料的泡孔孔径逐渐增大但是发泡孔径的均匀性变差。当PVA、AC发泡剂的添加质量分数分别为30%, 1%时,复合材料性能最优。     

高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混材料的模压发泡

用模压发泡法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混发泡材料,研究了偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂)、HDPE的用量及模压发泡工艺对于HDPE/LDPE共混泡沫的表观密度、力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着HDPE用量增加,共混发泡材料的表观密度、撕裂强度和拉伸强度均逐渐增加。在一定范围内,AC发泡剂用量增加,泡沫材料的表观密度和力学性能先下降后增加。发泡时间为10min时泡沫表观密度较低,再延长发泡时间,泡沫表观密度变化较小。在0MPa~10MPa范围,模压压力增加,泡沫表观密度缓慢下降。在温度为170℃~180℃范围内,温度升高,泡沫密度逐渐下降。电镜扫描图显示,HDPE/LDPE共混发泡材料泡孔均匀,且多为闭孔。     

高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混材料的模压发泡EI北大核心CSCD

用模压发泡法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混发泡材料,研究了偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)发泡剂)、HDPE的用量及模压发泡工艺对于HDPE/LDPE共混泡沫的表观密度、力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着HDPE用量增加,共混发泡材料的表观密度、撕裂强度和拉伸强度均逐渐增加。在一定范围内,AC发泡剂用量增加,泡沫材料的表观密度和力学性能先下降后增加。发泡时间为10min时泡沫表观密度较低,再延长发泡时间,泡沫表观密度变化较小。在0MPa^10MPa范围,模压压力增加,泡沫表观密度缓慢下降。在温度为170℃~180℃范围内,温度升高,泡沫密度逐渐下降。电镜扫描图显示,HDPE/LDPE共混发泡材料泡孔均匀,且多为闭孔。     

废纸浆纤维增强淀粉基复合发泡材料的制备及其性能

以NH4HCO3为发泡剂,废纸浆纤维为增强体,玉米淀粉、PVA为基质,甘油和尿素作为复合增塑剂,辅以其它的各种助剂,利用挤出发泡法制备出一种可生物降解的复合发泡材料。并分别讨论该发泡材料的密度、发泡倍率、吸水性、回弹性以及泡孔形态。研究结果显示,材料的密度随着发泡剂含量的增加先减少后增加,当发泡剂含量为1.2%时,材料的密度最小为0.16g/cm3;发泡倍率、吸水率、线性尺寸变化量均随着发泡剂含量的增加先增加后减少,且在发泡剂含量为1.2%时,均达到最大值;随着发泡剂含量的增加,材料泡孔数量先增加后减少,孔径逐渐增大;当废纸浆含量为20%时,材料的泡孔数量多,孔径较小且分布比较均匀;当复合增塑剂含量为30%时,淀粉与废纸浆相容性较好,材料泡孔数量较多,且泡孔大小分布均匀。     

发泡剂及促泡剂对乳化炸药爆速的影响

为了研究发泡剂和促泡剂含量对乳化炸药发泡速度和爆速的影响,对不同含量下发泡剂和促泡剂进行了密度测量和爆速实验。结果表明:在相同含量促泡剂和相同发泡时间下,乳化炸药爆速随着发泡剂含量的减小而减小,发泡速度同样减小;在发泡剂含量相同时,随着发泡时间的不同,促泡剂的含量对乳化炸药爆速及发泡速度的影响不同。当促泡剂含量在一定范围内,发泡时间不充足时,乳化炸药爆速随促泡剂含量增加而增加,发泡速度也增加;当发泡时间充足时,乳化炸药爆速不随促泡剂含量的变化而变化。当促泡剂含量超过一定范围时,乳化炸药爆速不随促泡剂含量的变化而变化,发泡速度同样没变化。     

发泡剂及促泡剂对乳化炸药爆速的影响

为了研究发泡剂和促泡剂含量对乳化炸药发泡速度和爆速的影响,对不同含量下发泡剂和促泡剂进行了密度测量和爆速实验。结果表明:在相同含量促泡剂和相同发泡时间下,乳化炸药爆速随着发泡剂含量的减小而减小,发泡速度同样减小;在发泡剂含量相同时,随着发泡时间的不同,促泡剂的含量对乳化炸药爆速及发泡速度的影响不同。当促泡剂含量在一定范围内,发泡时间不充足时,乳化炸药爆速随促泡剂含量增加而增加,发泡速度也增加;当发泡时间充足时,乳化炸药爆速不随促泡剂含量的变化而变化。当促泡剂含量超过一定范围时,乳化炸药爆速不随促泡剂含量的变化而变化,发泡速度同样没变化。     

双马来酰亚胺泡沫的微观形貌与结构控制研究

以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为发泡剂制备了改性双马来酰亚胺(BMI)泡沫,用扫描电镜(SEM)对泡沫的微观形貌进行观察,研究泡沫的发泡过程及不同条件下泡沫的泡孔结构,包括密度、孔径、单位体积的泡孔数目、发泡倍率等。结果表明:改性的BMI泡沫是一种闭孔结构泡沫,其构型为排泄型十二面体。可通过发泡体系的黏度、温度和发泡剂含量控制BMI泡沫的结构,随发泡体系黏度的增加,泡沫密度,成核密度N0和单位体积的泡孔数目Nf增加,泡孔直径减小,均匀性变好。泡沫密度随发泡剂AC含量提高而降低,当AC含量超过7%(质量分数)时,泡沫密度反而上升。随发泡温度提高,泡沫密度降低,孔径增大,泡沫成型稳定性变差。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...