碳纳米管薄膜的湿敏特性测试

分别对修饰的和未修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)薄膜的湿敏特性进行了研究,发现修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)薄膜对湿度十分敏感.测量其湿敏特性表明:其电阻值随相对湿度有明显的变化,并呈线性关系,通过拟合计算得到修饰的和未修饰的多壁碳纳米管电阻率相对湿度系数分别为2.354×10-2Ω·m/RH和1.534×10-2Ω·m/RH.研究结果表明,碳纳米管在湿度传感器领域将有巨大的应用前景.     

聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚合物修饰多壁碳纳米管

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与混酸(浓硫酸∶浓硝酸体积比为3∶1)和无水乙二胺进行酸化、胺化反应使MWCNTs表面产生羧基和氨基基团,进而与聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚合物(PE-g-MA)发生开环反应制备PE-g-MWCNTs,以提高MWCNTs在聚乙烯基体中的分散性。采用红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱对MWCNTs的化学修饰进行定性表征。结果表明:当MWCNTs的体积分数为0.67%时,MWCNT/PE复合材料的体积电阻率发生渗流突变。MWCNTs的体积分数在0.1%～1.2%时,MWCNT/PE复合材料体积电阻率由1016Ω.m下降至105Ω.m。     

多壁碳纳米管改性氰酸酯/环氧树脂基纳米复合材料的力学性能

用强酸氧化法与等离子体镀膜法分别对原始多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行表面修饰,制备了MWCNTs改性氰酸酯/环氧树脂基纳米复合材料。对复合材料的断裂面进行SEM分析,研究了表面处理方法对复合材料室温及低温力学性能的影响。结果表明,经等离子体镀膜表面修饰后的MWCNT在基体中分散更为均匀,与基体的界面结合力更强。经等离子体镀膜表面改性后的MWCNTs复合材料,当MWCNTs质量分数为0.3%时,其室温及低温拉伸强度、弹性模量和冲击强度较纯氰酸酯/环氧树脂基体均有不同程度的提高。     

蒙脱土和碳纳米管共掺改性环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和热性能

采用有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)和碳纳米管(MWCNTs)2种纳米材料改性双酚A型环氧树脂。通过溶液共混法制备OMMT/EP、MWCNTs/EP、OMMT/MWCNTs/EP环氧树脂纳米复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的冲击断面,测试了复合材料的力学性能和热性能,探讨了OMMT、MWCNTs增韧环氧树脂的机理。结果表明,当试样中OMMT质量分数为4%,MWCNTs质量分数为0.7%时,OMMT/EP、MWCNTs/EP和OMMT/MWCNTs/EP的冲击强度分别达到16.8kJ/m2,23.1kJ/m2,30.4kJ/m2,较未掺杂环氧树脂分别提高了16.7%,60.4%,110%。弯曲强度较未改性环氧树脂分别提高了27.54%,35.74%,54.12%。3种复合材料的热分解温度和马丁耐热温度均较未改性环氧树脂略有提高。     

TDI改性MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和导热性能研究

制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反应生成物和环氧树脂(Ep)的复合物,并对其进行了红外表征及形态学研究.扫描电镜(SEM)显示碳纳米管很好地分散在环氧树脂中.X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试结果表明复合材料为半结晶态.复合材料的体积电阻率由纯环氧树脂的1016降低到108,导热系数提高到纯环氧树脂的近1倍.     

碳纳米管/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性处理,得到表面接枝1,3,5-苯三甲酸的碳纳米管(B-MWCNTs)。分别将MWCNTs和B-MWCNTs分散在环氧树脂基体及上浆剂中,通过缠绕成型法制备含有MWCNTs的碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料,并采用热压成型工艺制备MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板。结果表明,B-MWCNTs在环氧树脂基体和上浆剂中的分散状态明显优于MWCNTs。添加B-MWCNTs后复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和失重5%时对应的温度均有所提高。而且,添加B-MWCNTs可以明显提高碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。当MWCNTs含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,B-MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板的压缩强度、层间剪切强度和冲击后压缩强度(CAI)分别提高了14.3%,37.1%和23.4%。     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

多壁碳纳米管-丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物共改性环氧树脂三元复合材料性能

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物(ACRBC)协同改性制备了多壁碳纳米管-丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物/环氧树脂(MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP)三元复合材料。通过FTIR、 XPS和SEM对强酸处理后的MWCNTs的性能进行表征,利用DSC法对MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的固化反应参数进行表征,采用DMA对MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的耐热性进行表征,采用电子力学试验机对MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的力学性能进行测试。结果表明:强酸处理后在MWCNTs表面成功形成反应官能团。采用150℃×1 h+180℃×3 h作为MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的固化工艺, MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度可达197.5℃,提高了13.3%, MWCNTs-ACRBC/EP复合材料的力学性能提高,抗弯强度为144 MPa,弯曲模量为3662 MPa,冲击强度为19.5 kJ/m^2。     

原位复合聚芳硫醚砜/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备及性能初探

采用原位复合法制备了聚芳硫醚砜/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料,先将酸化前后的多壁碳纳米管与聚芳硫醚砜各自进行原位复合,发现未酸化处理的碳纳米管在聚芳硫醚砜基体中的相容性很差,在基体内部不能有效地分散;此外,还发现随着碳纳米管添加量的增加,其体积电阻率由1013.9Ω.m降到104.3Ω.m,同时其热稳定性也随之逐渐升高。     

纳米SiO2/环氧树脂的制备与表征

利用偶联剂处理后的纳米SiO2粒子改性环氧树脂制备纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料.IR分析表明:纳米SiO2与环氧树脂形成了复合体;热失重、冲击强度、扫描电子显微镜和体积电阻率测试表明:纳米SiO2和普通SiO2对环氧树脂有明显的改性作用,当SiO2/环氧树脂为4/100时,复合体的热解温度、冲击强度和体积电阻率均达到最大值,纳米SiO2/环氧树脂的热解温度、冲击强度和体积电阻率分别为323℃,89.2kJ·m-2和3.56×1014Ω·cm-2;普通SiO2/环氧树脂的热解温度、冲击强度和体积电阻率分别为308℃,17.13kJ·m-2和2.80×1014Ω·cm-2.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...