无取向硅钢晶粒长大过程中应力对织构和晶界变化的影响

采用EBSD技术研究了有、无拉应力作用下无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化的规律。结果表明:在晶粒生长期间,无应力作用下的硅钢中,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化,而{100}〈001〉织构组分弱化;与无拉应力作用下的情况相比,施加5MPa的拉应力时,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化的速率下降,{100}〈001〉织构组分变化不明显。对于在晶粒生长期间持续变化的{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉和{100}〈001〉织构组分而言,虽然有、无拉应力作用下硅钢的{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率均下降,而{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率则上升,但当有拉应力作用后,{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率下降的速率变小,{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率上升的速率稍有变小。通过对无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化规律的研究,分析了合金原子在晶界的偏聚行为。     

冷轧Al_(0.3)CoCrFeNi高熵合金退火再结晶组织和织构的演变

利用维氏硬度计(HV)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),研究了90%冷轧Al0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金在900℃退火过程中的微观组织和织构演变规律。结果表明:退火0.5h合金发生完全再结晶,退火孪晶形成于再结晶面心立方(FCC)晶粒内;经退火1h后,富集Al-Ni原子的有序体心立方(BCC)相优先于FCC相的晶界处形核,且FCC相和BCC相均随着退火时间(1h~10h)的延长而发生晶粒长大。再结晶FCC相的织构组分主要为强{123},〈634〉S织构和强α-{110}纤维织构,{001}〈100〉立方织构随着退火时间的延长也逐渐转化为强织构;再结晶过程的进行使无择优取向的初始BCC晶核选择性长大,{111}〈112〉织构从而演变为强BCC相织构。     

LY12铝合金的再结晶织构及晶界特征分布

利用X射线定量织构分析术和背散射电子衍射花样术,研究了冷轧LY12铝合金的再结晶织构及重位(CSL)晶界的分布.结果表明,高温退火样品的再结晶织构与冷轧样品的织构相似;预回复低温退火具有增强再结晶立方{001}〈100〉织构和降低退火S{123}〈634〉、C{112}〈111〉及B{110}}〈112〉织构组分的作用;高强度的再结晶立方织构和一定强度的S织构共存的样品,∑7重位晶界具有较高的出现频度.     

3104铝合金再结晶织构的研究

应用取向分布函数(ODF)研究和分析了3104铝合金经不同工艺退火后的再结晶织构.结果表明:3104铝合金,形变织构由C{112}〈111〉,B{110}〈112〉,S{123}〈634〉织构组分组成;退火温度和保温时间对3104铝合金再结晶织构有重要影响,在低温短时退火时立方织构取向密度较弱,但随温度升高和保温时间的延长,立方织构取向密度逐渐增加,在经350℃60min,400℃60min和450℃15min等温退火后,再结晶基本完成,立方织构取向密度在400℃保温60min退火时达到最大,约为10级,但仍保留有少量冷轧织构;随着退火温度的升高,第二相粒子Al6(Fe,Mn)和Al(Fe,Mn)Si在再结晶过程中起到了粒子促进形核作用(PSN).     

高温退火时间对含铌低温取向电工钢二次再结晶行为的影响

利用OM、SEM、EDS、EBSD等技术观察和分析二次再结晶中断抽出试样的组织和取向.结果表明:高温退火保温时间达到5 h时,部分晶粒发生了二次再结晶,随着二次再结晶持续时间的延长,发生二次再结晶晶粒的数量显著增多,达到25 h时基本形成了完全的二次再结晶组织.Goss织构随保温时间的延长逐渐增多,而{111}〈112〉织构和{411}〈148〉织构含量显著降低,Goss织构含量在退火保温25 h时达到91.1％,其强度达到284.771;抑制剂随高温退火时间的延长逐渐粗化,其对晶界的钉扎逐渐减弱直到完全失去抑制作用.     

0.20mm CGO硅钢高温退火Goss晶粒起源及异常长大行为研究

利用X射线衍射织构分析技术和电子背散射衍射微织构分析技术,对0.20mm CGO硅钢薄板在高温退火缓慢升温过程中表层和次表层的织构演变规律进行了研究。结果表明:0.20mm CGO硅钢在高温退火过程中经历了低温回复、初次再结晶、初次再结晶晶粒长大和二次再结晶形成最终锋锐Goss织构的演变过程。Goss取向晶粒最初起源于变形回复基体中残存于{111}〈112〉形变带上少量的Goss晶粒亚结构,600℃保温2h后,Goss取向晶粒率先从变形基体中转变形核,在随后的升温过程中逐渐发生再结晶,Goss取向晶粒在此过程中并不具有尺寸优势,700℃时初次再结晶完成,基体中以γ纤维织构和{112}〈110〉织构为主;随着退火温度的升高,Goss晶粒的含量和平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,在900~1000℃之间,Goss取向晶粒迅速"吞噬"其他取向晶粒形成锋锐的Goss织构,1000℃时已经发生了二次再结晶。     

低碳Cr-Mo系深冲双相钢组织与织构演变

通过组织观察以及TEM与XRD技术研究了低碳Cr-Mo系深冲双相钢组织与织构演变规律。结果表明:奥氏体未再结晶区终轧有利于形成{112}〈111〉织构,冷轧过程中{001}〈110〉,{112}〈110〉与{223}〈110〉织构稳定增加,退火过程中形成有利于深冲性能的〈111〉//ND以及{554}〈225〉与{332}〈113〉织构;820℃与860℃临界区退火后γ纤维织构密度差异较小,但是高温退火增大{111}〈110〉与{111}〈112〉织构的取向密度差值,归因于贝氏体中的固溶碳以及贝氏体相变时的变体选择;高温卷取能诱发热轧板中Mo基碳化物粒子析出,并在退火保温过程中回溶,既能发展再结晶织构,又能促进第二相形成。     

GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变

为研究GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变规律,采用金相显微镜(OM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对30%,50%两种断面收缩率下GH4169合金楔横轧件表层与心部的微观组织、晶体取向及织构进行分析。结果表明:GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中,随着动态再结晶的发生,晶体取向逐渐变得随机化分布;轧制表层大角度晶界数量较轧件心部多,轧件表层织构强度变化不大,心部织构强度明显增强;经过楔横轧变形后织构发生转动,原始态织构类型为{001}〈110〉,{111}〈110〉,{111}〈011〉,轧制后主要织构类型为{001}〈010〉,{112}〈110〉,{110}〈111〉,{110}〈112〉;GH4169合金楔横轧件动态再结晶及织构演变规律是由楔横轧特殊变形特点决定的。     

常化退火处理对无取向硅钢组织和织构的影响

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了常化退火处理对无取向硅钢热轧板和成品退火板显微组织和织构的影响。结果表明:常化退火处理消除了热轧板中的变形组织,促使变形晶粒完成再结晶;常化退火处理使高斯织构和立方织构易通过再结晶在变形带内形核和长大,可显著降低成品退火板的{111}和{112}不利织构组分的占有率,提高{100}和{110}有利织构组分的占有率,从而有利于提高无取向硅钢成品板的磁性能。     

残余碳对取向硅钢初次和二次再结晶的影响

研究了脱碳退火样品中的残余碳对取向硅钢初次和二次再结晶的组织和磁性能的影响。结果表明：随着脱碳退火样品中残余碳含量的提高,初次再结晶的平均晶粒尺寸减小,表层和中心层的晶粒尺寸差增大;初次再结晶的强{111}<110>或{111}<112>织构向强{112}<110>织构转变,部分1/4层的Goss晶粒或{111}<112>晶粒转变为其他取向的晶粒;残余碳含量超过0.0200%后,高温退火样品二次再结晶不完善,磁性能较差。相变是导致上述现象的主要原因。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.