具有可逆润湿性Bi2O3涂层在抗菌和油水分离中的应用

具有特殊润湿性材料的应用是近年来研究的热点.疏水改性的Bi2O3涂层在紫外-可见光光照和暗室存储的条件下可以实现超疏水-超亲水的可逆转换,本工作研究了在不同润湿性条件下Bi2O3涂层在抗菌和油水分离中的应用.结果表明,超疏水表面对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗细菌黏附作用,而超亲水表面则表现出选择性的抗菌活性.在油水分离方面,超疏水表面可以阻隔水,使油通过滤网,分离效率达93％以上,而超亲水表面在预润湿处理后可以阻隔油,使水通过滤网.因而具有可逆润湿性Bi2O3涂层可作为一种智能的抗菌油水分离膜材料,在油水分离领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

基于超润湿材料的乳液油水分离研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

在表面活性剂的作用下,油水混合物易转变为乳液,从而形成稳定的油水混合系统,给分离带来了困难。结合固体表面微观几何结构和化学组成,制备的超润湿材料为乳液油水分离提供了一个良好的平台。文中首先介绍了超润湿性的基本理论,然后综述了基于超润湿材料的乳液分离研究进展,包括分离油包水乳液的超疏水超亲油材料、处理水包油乳液的超亲水及水下超疏油材料和同时分离两种类型乳液的智能超润湿材料。最后,对该领域存在的一些问题以及未来的发展方向分别进行了总结和展望。     

层层自组装法制备超疏水/超亲油棉织物及其油水分离性能

被油污染的水资源严重影响人类健康和生态系统.为得到具有优异油水分离性能的材料,利用层层自组装法,在棉织物表面组装纳米银薄层,随后用十二烷基硫醇修饰,制备了具有超疏水/超亲油性能的棉织物.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测试仪、分离效率表征超疏水/超亲油棉织物的微观形貌、表面化学组成、润湿性及油水分离性能.改性后的棉织物表面负载致密的纳米银薄层,水在该表面的接触角高达160°,而油的接触角为0°,显示出其良好的超疏水/超亲油性能;纳米银牢固地附着在棉织物的表面,使其表现出良好的抗磨损性、耐腐蚀性.油水分离测试显示,该棉织物对不同类型油品和水混合物的分离效率达88％以上,且具有较好的循环利用性.此外,该棉织物不仅能分离水上轻油、水下沉油,还能分离轻油-水-沉油三相所形成的混合物.     

超疏水材料的研究进展

近年来,油水分离技术越来越受到人们的重视,而具有特殊润湿性的油水分离材料成为研究热点。文中综述了超疏水材料在油水分离领域的研究进展。简单地介绍了构建超疏水材料的基本原理,归纳总结了超疏水材料的制备方法如水热法、刻蚀法、静电纺丝技术、自组装技术、溶胶-凝胶法和沉积法等方法,并且讨论了不同方法的优缺点及前景,为今后超疏水材料的发展提供理论建议。     

超疏水超亲油304不锈钢网的制备及其油水分离性能

目前,用于油水分离的材料成本高,制备工艺复杂且效果较差,针对这一现象,选用304不锈钢网作为基体材料,通过氯化铁溶液刻蚀法获得粗糙表面,随后用十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷对该表面进行改性,成功制备出具有优异油水分离特性的超疏水超亲油不锈钢滤网,并对其结构及性能进行了测试表征.结果表明:超疏水不锈钢网与水的接触角达到151°,...     

用于油水分离的静电纺纳米纤维膜研究进展

近年来,石油泄漏以及工业含油废水的排放对生态环境造成了严重的损害,高效节能的新型油水分离材料已成为研究热点。具有特殊亲液性的静电纺纳米纤维膜是一种可用于油水分离的新型膜材料,它具有较高的比表面积和孔隙率,既可以自发实现油水分离,又能减少能源消耗。主要介绍了超亲水疏油、超疏水亲油、智能切换亲水/亲油以及单向导油纳米纤维膜,及纤维膜的制备方法、亲液性以及油水分离过程和分离效率;并对静电纺油水分离纳米纤维膜所面临的挑战和应用前景进行了展望。     

超疏水吸油性聚二乙烯基苯的制备及其油水分离性能

在我国,水污染已经严重破坏了自然生态环境并危害人体健康,液态油类物质是其中重要的水体污染源。为解决含油污水处理过程中最重要的油水分离问题,本文采用简单易行的溶剂热法低成本合成了具有微米和纳米级粗糙结构的超疏水吸油性多孔性聚二乙烯基苯有机固体材料并对其油水分离性能进行了研究。由于其内部的亲油基链段与油分子可发生溶剂化作用,多孔性聚二乙烯基苯具有吸油速率快、容量大、再生性好,只吸油不吸水等特点,可很好地吸附脱除水中油类有机物,在油水分离方面具有很好的应用前景。     

基于超润湿材料的乳液油水分离研究进展

在表面活性剂的作用下,油水混合物易转变为乳液,从而形成稳定的油水混合系统,给分离带来了困难。结合固体表面微观几何结构和化学组成,制备的超润湿材料为乳液油水分离提供了一个良好的平台。文中首先介绍了超润湿性的基本理论,然后综述了基于超润湿材料的乳液分离研究进展,包括分离油包水乳液的超疏水超亲油材料、处理水包油乳液的超亲水及水下超疏油材料和同时分离两种类型乳液的智能超润湿材料。最后,对该领域存在的一些问题以及未来的发展方向分别进行了总结和展望。     

种子生长法构筑超疏水-超亲油滤纸及其在油水分离中的应用

近年来,原油和工业有机溶剂的泄漏严重破坏了生物赖以生存的生态环境。为了净化被油污染的水域,寻求一种快速、高效的油水分离材料迫在眉睫。利用原位还原法和种子生长法在滤纸表面自组装一层纳米银颗粒,经十二烷基硫醇接枝改性降低其表面能,成功制备具有耐化学腐蚀、热稳定性好、油水分离特性优异的超疏水-超亲油滤纸。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测试仪对超疏水-超亲油滤纸进行表征,结果表明水滴在其表面的最大接触角为155°,滚动角小于5°,而油滴能瞬间透过滤纸,对各种油水混合液具有较高的分离能力,油水分离效率高达88%,分离后对收集的油进行红外光谱分析,并没有检测到明显的水峰。超疏水-超亲油滤纸制备过程简易、纳米银和滤纸之间的粘附力强,在油水分离中有较好的应用前景。     

热压工艺制备聚合物基超疏水材料研究进展

超疏水材料的制备与应用是功能材料领域的一个重要研究方向,本文介绍了近年来国内外有关热压法制备聚合物基超疏水材料的研究进展,包括各种热压成形工艺以及所制备的聚合物基超疏水材料在自清洁、油水分离、防冰、导电等领域的应用。     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

离子液体中电沉积的研究进展

离子液体作为绿色溶剂和可设计性溶剂越来越受到重视.对电沉积来说,离子液体融合了高温熔盐和水溶液的优点.分别综述了AlCl3型离子液体、非AlCl3型离子液体和其他新型离子液体3类离子液体中电沉积的研究现状,在此基础上指出了目前尚存在的问题及今后的研究方向.采用离子液体进行电沉积能克服传统水溶液电沉积时存在的缺点,为电沉积领域找到了新的突破点,是一种很有应用前景的方法.     

高聚物银纹化的研究进展

结合最新的研究进展,对银纹引发、生长与断裂,银纹细观结构以及裂纹在银纹中的扩展等问题作了较全面的介绍和分析,对这一领域未来的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

铁电陶瓷中电畴翻转研究进展

电畴为铁电陶瓷固有的独特微观组织特征之一,铁电陶瓷的许多性能均与其密切有关.综述了铁电陶瓷中的电畴结构,系统介绍了电场、机械作用引起的电畴翻转,概述了电畴翻转对铁电陶瓷断裂韧性的影响及其研究进展.     

Standardization in the Cultural Heritage in China

China has begun its standardization process in the cultural heritage since 1960.The standards contributed a lot to the development of the heritage conservation practices. In this paper, the author summaries the existing condition of standardization in the cultural heritages and museums field in China, and presents Standards for the Classification of Collected Cultural Heritages. Also this paper points out the problems which exist in the standardization in the cultural heritage, and gives the advice to solve these problems.