SiCw／6061Al复合材料时效机制的研究

研究了ＳｉＣ晶须增６０６１铝基复合材料及基体合金在１７０℃和１９０℃时效时的析出行为,结果表明：复合材料达到峰时效的时间均较基体合金有所提前。ＴＥＭ观察发现：复合材料基体中的位错密度明显高于相应铝合金;达到峰时效时前者析出相的数量明显少于后者,而前者析出相的尺寸却明显大于后者,分析了复合材料基体中高密度位错析出相形核和长大的影响。     

CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料微观组织、力学及导热性能EI北大核心

研究了CNTs的加入对Mg-9Al镁基复合材料时效行为的影响,探讨了时效处理过程中微观组织、力学性能及导热性能的演变规律。结果表明:添加的CNTs增大了基体合金中铝元素的固溶度,并在时效过程中限制晶界的迁移,在二者共同作用下,促进基体中连续β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的析出,且随着CNTs含量的增加,连续析出的比例增大;与基体呈共格关系的杆状连续析出相能够有效地阻碍位错运动,提高复合材料的力学性能,其中峰时效态0.4CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、热扩散系数和热导率分别为275 MPa,369 MPa,34.5 mm^(2)/s和68.4 W/(m·K),相较于时效前Mg-9Al合金分别提升了17%,23%,43%和45%。     

热处理对7A85铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试,电导率测试,晶间腐蚀及透射电镜等手段研究不同时效制度对7A85铝合金显微组织,力学性能以及晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:合金经过峰时效(120℃/24h)处理,抗拉强度,伸长率和电导率分别达到760.8MPa,8.9%和29.7%IACS;合金的主要强化相为GP区,峰时效(T6)合金晶内分布着大量细小而弥散的GP区和少量的η′相。双级时效(120℃/8h+165℃/12h)时,合金抗拉强度及电导率分别达到597.7MPa和38.1%IACS,且随着时效时间的延长,晶间析出相长大粗化,PFZ带宽化,晶间腐蚀敏感性降低。因此,采用120℃/8h+165/12h双级时效可以获得较好的综合性能。     

固溶时效对Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料力学性能和微观形貌的影响

以6092铝合金（Al6092）为金属基体,碳化硅（SiCp）和β-锂霞石（β-LiAlSiO4）作为陶瓷颗粒增强相,采用粉末锻造工艺制备Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料。探究固溶时效处理对Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料力学性能的影响,揭示固溶时效处理对复合材料微观结构、析出相和位错的强化机制。结果表明,固溶时效处理能提高Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料的刚度和强度,还能促进试样中高位错密度区和Mg2Si析出相的产生,提高复合材料塑性变形所需的应力。此外,微米级SiCp的高模量特性可以自发地承载载荷,β-LiAlSiO4的引入则促进了增强相的分散。总之,固溶时效处理和二元陶瓷颗粒增强相可以共同提高Al6092的抗变形能力。     

800 MPa级超高强度铝合金的时效析出行为

采用硬度、电导率、室温拉伸测试方法,研究110~140℃范围内时效不同时间后新型铝合金性能的变化。利用透射显微镜(TEM)观察合金的组织形貌特征。结果表明:该新型铝合金最佳的时效工艺为110℃保温24 h,此条件下合金的抗拉强度,屈服强度和伸长率分别为808,785 MPa与6.9%。时效温度是影响合金析出相种类、密度和尺寸的主要因素。在110℃时效时,合金主要的析出相是GPⅠ区、GPⅡ区和亚稳η′相。110℃时长时间(直至96 h)时效后,GPⅠ区和GPⅡ区仍能稳定存在。与110℃时效相比,在140℃时效时,析出过程加速。当140℃时效4 h后,未观察到GP区的存在,主要的析出相为η′相;140℃时效24 h后,主要的析出相为η′相和η相。     

6061铝颗粒层增强7075铝基复合材料的微观结构及阻尼性能

采用热轧法制备出具有颗粒层状结构的6061p/7075铝基复合材料以改善7075铝合金的阻尼性能。通过OM、SEM、EDS和XRD分析6061p/7075层状铝基复合材料的微观组织,分别采用万能力学试验机和动态热机械分析仪分析其力学性能和阻尼行为。研究表明,6061铝颗粒层存在大量的颗粒间界面和微小孔隙,6061铝颗粒层与7075铝基体之间界面结合良好,没有发生界面反应;6061p/7075层状铝基复合材料最大抗拉强度为370.5 MPa,比7075铝基体提高了30%;6061p/7075层状铝基复合材料和基体材料的内耗值分别随着温度和应变量的升高而增大,复合材料的阻尼性能明显优于7075铝基体,在360℃时,复合材料的内耗值高达0.117,比7075铝基体提高了149%;6061p/7075层状铝基复合材料和基体材料的储能模量分别随着温度和应变量的升高而降低,在30℃时,复合材料的储能模量为38601 MPa,比7075铝基体高16%。      

残余形变对莫来石短纤维/Al-4.5Cu复合材料及其基体合金时效析出行为的影响

用挤压铸造法制备莫来石(mullite)短纤维/Al-4.5Cu复合材料及其基体合金。用硬度测试(HB)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM),研究固溶淬火后残余形变(0 %,12.5 %,25 %,34.4%)和纤维对复合材料及其基体合金时效析出行为的影响。结果表明:形变对Al-4.5Cu合金的时效析出过程具有十分明显的加速作用,随着形变度增加,时效加速作用进一步加强;莫来石短纤维对Al-4.5Cu合金的时效析出过程具有加速作用;纤维和形变同时存在时,复合材料的时效析出过程还会进一步加快。但是,形变或/和纤维抑制了Al-4.5Cu合金中GP区的形成。     

原位合成TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的组织及力学性能

采用原位合成法制备TiC/Al(7075)复合材料,研究原位TiC颗粒的存在形式、分布状态及不同原位TiC颗粒含量对TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示,TiC颗粒多以近球形团聚态存在于7075铝基体中,颗粒团大小约为1μm。当原位TiC颗粒质量分数小于6%时,原位TiC颗粒分布较为均匀,随着颗粒含量的增加,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的铸态组织由蔷薇状组织逐渐转变为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸也随着原位TiC颗粒含量的增加而减小。当原位TiC颗粒的质量分数大于6%时,组织中出现气孔。复合材料的硬度和抗冲击韧性测试表明,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的硬度随TiC颗粒含量的增加而增加,最高硬度达HB 108,冲击韧性在颗粒质量分数为6%时达到最佳,较基体提升31.55%。     

亚微米Al2O3P/Al-Mg-Si复合材料时效行为

为了研究亚微米级Al₂O₃颗粒对基体合金时效过程的影响规律,在 6061 铝合金基础上调整Mg、Si含量,采用压力浸渗法,制备了Al₂O₃体积分数为30%的亚微米级Al₂O_3P/Al-2.26Mg-0.63Si复合材料。通过硬度试验、SEM和TEM等手段,研究了复合材料及其基体合金的时效行为。结果表明,Al-2. 26Mg-0.63Si 合金的时效过程比较明显,随时效温度的提高峰时效时间提前,190℃时出现时效软化现象。亚微米Al₂O₃颗粒的加入强烈抑制复合材料的时效过程,时效曲线未出现明显时效峰。分析认为,由于大部分Mg 元素被消耗在界面形成MgAl₂O_4,且基体中位错稀少,不利于溶质原子扩散,因此复合材料中沉淀相在过时效阶段仍停留在GP区状态,没有充分长大,时效析出受到抑制。     

7075铝合金脉冲变极性等离子弧焊接头的双级时效行为EI北大核心CSCD

通过力学性能、电导率测试和TEM分析,对10 mm厚7075铝合金脉冲变极性等离子弧焊(pulse variable polarity plasma arc welding,PVPPAW)接头的双级时效行为特征进行研究,并确定了较为合理的双级时效工艺。结果表明:7075铝合金PVPPAW接头的抗拉强度随着终时效温度的升高和终时效时间的延长先增大后减小。经160℃,12 h终时效处理后的接头抗拉强度为545.1 MPa,比焊态时提高了37%。此时接头的电导率为27.9%IACS,抗应力腐蚀性能有所提高。焊缝中心主要强化相为η′相和η相,随着终时效温度的升高和终时效时间的延长,晶内与晶界的析出相逐渐长大和粗化,晶界的无沉淀析出带变宽。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.