Sn_mAs_n(m+n≤6)团簇的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对Sn_mAs_n(m+n≤6)团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何参数全优化,得到相应的基态结构;并对基态构型的平均结合能、Mulliken布居和偶极矩进行了系统研究。研究结果发现Sn_mAs_n二元团簇基态结构更倾向于形成Sn-As键数最多的构型,并且占有Sn原子比例大的最稳定结构类似于纯锡团簇的构型;掺杂偶数个As原子可以提高锡砷二元团簇的稳定性;Sn原子是电荷的捐赠者,而As原子则是电荷的接收者;二元Sn_mAs_n团簇均为极性分子,其中团簇SnAs偶极矩最大,极性最强,团簇Sn_4As_2的偶极矩最小,极性最弱。     

小尺寸锂硅团簇Si_nLi(n=1~10)的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了锂硅团簇Sin Li(n=1~10)的结构、稳定性和电子性质。计算结果表明锂原子处于硅团簇表面并且位于硅原子的桥位更稳定。Sin Li团簇结合能表明锂原子的嵌入提高了硅团簇的稳定性。另外,锂原子的结合能说明锂与硅团簇的相互作用随着硅团簇尺寸的减小而增强,由此得到锂离子电池硅基负极材料嵌锂过程粉末化的一个重要原因。锂硅团簇的电离势、电子亲和势、化学势与能隙均表明Si4Li与Si7Li更容易失去一个α电子形成阳离子团簇。     

双金属AunCu0- (n=1~9) 团簇结构、稳定性、电子及光学性能研究

为了探究铜掺杂金团簇的结构及特性,依据密度泛函理论对Au_nCu^{0/-(n=1~9)团簇的结构、稳定性、电子及光学性能进行了系统分析。基于卡利普索结构预测程序,在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平下优化得到了不同尺寸的基态结构。研究表明,除Au₇Cu和Au₈Cu-呈现三维结构外,其它尺寸下的基态均呈现二维平面结构。而且,Au_nCu0/-的基态可通过在Aun-1Cu0/-}基态基础上添加一个Au原子得到。稳定性分析确定了Au₅Cu和Au₂Cu-团簇在各自体系中拥有相对强的稳定性。磁性分析发现,闭壳层电子结构体系的总自旋磁矩为零;开壳层电子结构体系分别具有1 μB的总磁矩。分析极化率表明,Au₉Cu和Au₉Cu-团簇对外场的各向异性响应最强,AuCu和Au₃Cu-团簇对外场的各向异性响应最弱。AdNDP分析发现,众多σ键连通了整个分子骨架,促进了整个团簇的稳定。基于Multiwfn程序,拟合的光电子能谱、红外谱、拉曼谱和紫外可见光谱可为实验上鉴别Au_nCu^0/-团簇的结构提供帮助。     

基于密度泛函理论的Bn（n=1-8）团簇结构和稳定性研究

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法,在6—31G^＊水平上对Bn（n=2—8）团簇的各种可能的几何构型和电子结构进行了优化和振动频率计算,结果表明,Bn微团簇的稳定结构大部分为平面结构,只有极少数立体结构属于基态稳定结构。平面结构分为链状和环状结构两种,链状结构的所有原子均处于同一平面,且处于链状结构两端的键长稍短,原子向内部收缩。环状稳定结构均为一个n元环中心有一个配位的硼原子,通过对基态结构的平均原子结合能和能量二次差分的计算,得到n为奇数时团簇较为稳定。     

利用第一性原理研究La_n(n=2—10)小团簇的结构与稳定性

团簇作为各种物质由原子分子向大块物质转变过程中出现的特殊物相,代表了凝聚态物质的初始状态。通过对稀土团簇的研究,有助于了解稀土元素在基体材料中的存在形态和作用机理,从而更深入地了解原子团的物理和化学性质,为材料的设计和研究提供理论支持和预见性。本研究利用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似(GGA)对La_n(n=2—10)团簇进行了结构优化、能量和振动频率分析,得到了La团簇最低能量结构。通过对基态结构的平均结合能、能隙、离解能、二阶能量差以及总态密度的计算和分析,认为原子数n为2、4、6、8时团簇的稳定性较高,费米面处态密度的小幅降低导致了这一奇-偶振荡现象的出现。     

国外研究团队成功建模Au纳米团簇新型结构

<正>内布拉斯加大学林肯分校化学家Zeng及其团队成功揭示了由32对巯基保护的Au68的分子特征排布。该纳米团簇结构可用于药物载体及催化剂。如图是内布拉斯加大学林肯分校化学家Zeng领导的团队报道的一种Au纳米团簇的原子排布,该团簇长约1.7nm,与人体手指指甲2s可生长的长度近似。(来源:Joel Brehm/研究和经济发展办公室)虽然化学家们不能玩转水泥、支撑梁和千瓦时,但是他们擅长Au、原子和电子伏     

Co吸附二氧化硅团簇的几何结构、光电及磁学特性

基于密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似方法,系统地研究了Co(SiO2)n(n=1-7)团簇的几何结构、光电特性和磁学性质。结果表明:受悬挂键和电子云分布影响,单个Co原子以一定倾角吸附在稳定性很好的(SiO2)n(n=1-7)链状团簇上,多个Co原子却在其上发生团聚作用;不断减小的垂直电离势和不断增大的电子亲和势使得Co(SiO2)n(n=1-7)团簇的硬度随着团簇尺寸的增大而降低;Co原子的吸附使得非磁性二氧化硅转化为磁性复合团簇,随着Co原子数目的增多磁矩不断增大,结合该团簇的近红外光吸收特性,从理论上证实了二氧化硅磁性复合材料既具有超顺磁性又可以吸收可见-近红外光,为其在医学界被用作光动力靶向治疗提供了理论依据。     

金属纳米团簇结合能的计算模型

金属团簇在尺寸较小时一般为多面体形.通过考虑团簇的内部原子、面上原子、棱上原子以及顶点原子对团簇结合能的贡献,将键能模型推广至纳米团簇体系.计算表明,虽然棱上原子以及顶点原子对大尺寸微粒的结合能贡献不大,但对于团簇的结合能计算则特别重要.推广后的键能模型可以被用来研究不同形状团簇的结构稳定性和熔化热力学等.     

大碳笼内嵌钆氧化物团簇金属富勒烯Gd_2O@C_(88):实验和理论研究

利用改进的电弧放电技术合成及多步高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离方法,得到了大碳笼含钆氧化物团簇的金属富勒烯Gd_2O@C_(88).激光解吸电离碰撞诱导解离质谱/质谱的研究结果表明,氧化钆团簇位于碳笼内部.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,金属富勒烯结构为Gd_2O@D_2(35)-C_(88).内嵌团簇向碳笼转移4个电子,价态+4,碳笼-4价,金属富勒烯的电子结构表示为[Gd_2O]~(4+)@[D_2(35)-C_(88)]~(4-).     

中小尺寸CdS团簇的结合能随尺寸变化关系的研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法(DMOL3程序),在广义梯度近似(GGA)下计算了(CdS)n(n=9～12)团簇的基态结构、结合能等,研究了(CdS)n团簇的结合能及二次能量差分随尺寸演化的关系,结果表明,n为5和8时,(CdS)n团簇的结构稳定性相对较差;n为6和9时,对应的基态结构稳定性相对较高;通过结合能随尺寸变化关系的研究也体现了小团簇的尺寸效应.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from