90 t钢包底吹氩水模型与数值模拟

 为了获得90 t钢包最佳底吹氩位置,采用1[∶]4水模型试验和数值模拟对透气砖位于钢包底部不同位置时的均混时间进行了研究。结果表明,在单吹情况下,透气砖位于[1/2R]圆周上的[P5]点时,钢包内钢液具有较快的流动速度,均混时间最短;在双吹情况下,夹角为180°的组合式底吹搅拌效果较好,均混时间较低。通过对比分析得出,在相同气体流量条件下,单吹与双吹最优方案下的均混时间相差不大。     

120t钢包底吹氩工艺优化水模型研究

以钢厂120 t钢包为研究对象,对相似原理为基础,建立几何比例1:3的水模型,通过测定单、双透气砖最低吹氩条件(透气砖位置,吹气量0.4~2.0 m~3/h等)对混匀时间的影响,确定钢包的底吹工艺。实验结果表明,单孔布置时,透气砖距离钢包0.63R(R为钢包底半径)时混匀时间最短;双孔布置时,增大两透气砖之间的距离有利于缩短混匀时间,双孔180°夹角0.6R布置方式效果最好,混匀时间最短;在等气量下,双透气砖效果明显优于单透气砖。     

120 t钢包底吹氩工艺水模型研究

研究了钢厂即将投产的120 t钢包底部最佳透气砖位置,在实验室以1:3建立钢包水模型进行模拟试验,得出最佳透气砖位置及吹气方式。实验表明,越靠近包壁的透气砖,其混匀效果越好,但对包壁的冲刷也越严重。在相同喷吹位置的情况下,双透气砖方案比单透气砖方案混匀效果好,且大角度(≥90°)的双透气砖方案比小角度双透气砖方案好。本实验的最佳吹气方案为离包底中心0.60R(半径)处,夹角为120°的双孔底吹气方式。     

40 t钢包双透气砖底搅拌物理模拟研究与应用

以40 t双透气砖钢包为原型,基于相似原理建立模型与原型尺寸比为1∶2的钢包底吹氩物理模拟系统,研究吹气流量、双透气砖位置对钢包混匀时间的影响规律,以便提升钢包搅拌效率。研究表明,双透气砖最佳吹气位置为0.70R-0.70R(R为钢包半径),当双透气砖支路吹气流量相等时,钢包混匀时间随双透气砖与包底中心距离的增加而缩短,随吹气流量的增大而逐渐减少;当模型吹气量超过56 L/min(原型吹气量达到112 L/min)后,混匀时间随吹气量的增加并未减少,反而有所增加;当吹气总流量相等但双透气砖支路流量不同时,支路流量比为1∶3的混匀时间比支路流量比为1∶1的混匀时间长。工业试验表明,通过优化脱氧制度、改进底搅拌工艺以及采用氩气保护浇注等技术,可降低轴承钢氧含量,其中轴承钢氧的质量分数为7×10~(-4)%以下炉数占比达60%以上,氧的质量分数10×10~(-4)%以下炉数占比达100%,提升了夹杂物控制水平和产品品质。     

150t钢包双透气砖底吹氩优化与工业试用

通过水模型研究了国内某厂150t钢包双透气砖底吹氩位置及流量对钢液混匀时间的影响,利用优质真空泵油模拟钢包顶渣,对不同吹气位置及吹气流量下钢液裸露面积进行了比较。结果表明,双孔夹角180°、吹气孔位于各自半径0.6R圆周上(吹气孔11和15)时混匀时间短且钢液裸露面积小,同时对包壁冲刷更小。钢包改造后工业试用表明,通过优化钢包透气砖位置及钙处理后钢液软吹氩流量及时间,钢液钙处理增氧质量分数降低28×10-6,降幅达78%;钢液出LF全氧质量分数降低34×10-6,降幅为45%,全氧含量控制水平明显提高。     

45t直筒型钢包底吹氩物理模拟研究

在相似原理的基础上,以45t直筒型精炼钢包为研究对象,建立1：2．5的水力学物理模拟模型,考察钢包底吹精炼过程中喷吹位置、喷吹量对混匀效果的影响。研究结果表明,随着底吹气量的增大,混匀时间减小,当气体流量超过临界流量90L／min,减小幅度减弱;底吹透气砖布置在距包底中心1／2处时,混匀效果最好。     

钢包底吹氩性能优化水模型试验

利用水模型模拟了本钢炼钢厂精炼过程的吹氩工艺,研究了优化吹氩孔布置方案对钢液混合效果的影响,以及吹气量大小对混匀时间以及夹杂物的影响。结果表明:在电极圆以外区域可以找到比现行吹氩位置混匀效果更优的双气孔吹氩孔布置方案,混匀时间明显缩短;当吹气孔位于钢包底部1/2R半径上时,两个气孔夹角为30°吹气效果最优;当吹气孔位于钢包底部2/3R半径上时,气孔夹角为150°吹气效果最优;在条件相同的情况下,位于1/2R圆上的双透气砖组合的混匀效果整体上优于位于2/3R圆上的双透气砖组合;钢包底吹氩时的透气量大小要适中,气量过大时对提高溶液混合效果贡献不大,且气量过大会产生明显的卷渣现象。     

透气砖布置和吹氩流量对钢包内钢液流动行为的影响

针对攀钢200t钢包,采用物理模拟与数值模拟相结合的方式,研究了透气砖布置方式和吹氩流量对钢液流动行为的影响规律。结果表明,当两透气砖呈120°布置在距包底中心0.62R(R为包底半径)处时,钢液的平均流速和平均湍动能大,"死区"范围小,混匀时间短,是合理的透气砖布置方式,其临界吹氩流量为27m3/h;与单透气砖相比,双透气砖喷吹的能量利用率高,"死区"范围小,单透气砖的吹氩流量需控制到45m3/h才能达到与双透气砖吹氩流量为27m3/h时相同的搅拌效果。实践证明,研究得到的透气砖布置方式和吹氩流量能保证熔池的搅拌效果,使转炉钢水经吹氩处理后,钢包不同位置温差小于10℃,Δw[C],Δw[Si],Δw[Mn]小于0.03%;在一定的软吹氩流量条件下,吹氩时间大于等于8min,可以使钢中wT[O]小于25×10-6。研究表明,用离散相模型对钢包底吹氩过程进行数值模拟,可以得到与物理模拟试验和生产实践较为吻合的结果。     

60 t LF钢包底吹氩行为的物理模拟

基于相似原理和莱钢60 t LF钢包,建立了一套水模拟试验装置,水模型和钢包原型的几何相似比例为1∶4,用该装置进行了钢包底吹氩行为的物理模拟研究.结果表明,底吹气体流量越大,混匀时间越短;吹气流量对混匀时间的影响程度远远大于透气砖位置的影响.60 t钢包适宜采用单透气砖,其硬吹气体流量应>0.133 m3/h,软吹气体流量应<0.02 m3/h.     

底吹钢包用圆孔透气砖冶金效果的水模型

采用水力学模型方法对钢包底吹氩工艺进行了实验研究,对比分析了圆孔型透气砖与狭缝式透气砖对冶炼效果的影响,并研究了圆孔透气砖的孔角和孔径对混匀时间、夹杂物去除率和渣眼面积的影响规律.结果表明:当吹气流量相同时,使用圆孔斜通透气砖时,钢包的混匀时间、夹杂物去除率和渣眼面积均优于狭缝式透气砖;相比于圆孔直通透气砖的钢包,使用圆孔斜通透气砖的钢包混匀时间更短,去除夹杂物效果佳,但渣眼面积略大;对于圆孔斜通透气砖,其孔径越小,钢包混匀时间越短,夹杂物去除率越高,渣眼面积越小.     

Numerical modelling studies of flow and mixing phenomena in gas stirred steel ladles

Abstract

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the fluid flow and mixing phenomena in a gas stirred ladle. Particular attention was paid to incorporate the effect of slippage between rising gas bubbles and surrounding fluid in the numerical model, to capture the relevant flow physics in a more effective manner. Various parametric studies were undertaken to examine the effects of gas flow rate, bottom nozzle configurations and tracer addition locations on mixing time. It was observed that the arrangement of bottom nozzles has a great effect on the mixing behaviour in a gas stirred ladle, with off centric gas injection producing shorter mixing time. Mixing time was found to be sensitive to the tracer addition position, particularly for the axisymmetric bottom gas injection system. The predicted results were compared with reported experimental observations and a very good agreement was observed in this regard, thereby establishing the authenticity of the proposed formulation.     

LF精炼过程100 t钢包底吹氩卷渣水模拟研究

以钢厂100 t钢包为原型,根据相似原理模型与原型1:3.5的比例建立水模型。试验了对应实际吹气量31~237 L/min不同位置单喷嘴和双喷嘴吹气对卷渣情况的影响,发现原吹气孔位置(距钢包中心约0.45R)单喷嘴、距钢包中心0.6R位置单喷嘴、原吹气孔位置(约0.45R)双喷嘴和距中心0.6R位置双喷嘴吹气临界卷渣气量分别为113、93、31、82 L/min,因此实际精炼时软吹采用单喷嘴吹气,合金化阶段用双喷嘴吹气为宜。回归分析得出,单喷嘴吹气时裸露区直径D(/mm)与底吹气量Q/(L·min^-1)的关系式D=43.333Q+47.5(0.6相似文献   

Effects of Top Layer, Nozzle Arrangement, and Gas Flow Rate on Mixing Time in Agitated Ladles by Bottom Gas Injection

This research investigates mixing phenomena in bottom gas-stirred ladles using water modeling, which incorporates hexane as the top layer. The effects of slag thickness, nozzle position, number of nozzles, and gas flow rate on mixing time have been investigated. Conditions to improve mixing time have been identified. A single nozzle located at two-thirds of the ladle radius was found to produce the shortest mixing time. Under extremely low gas flow rates, an unusual behavior was observed, where the top layer promoted a decrease in mixing time.     

Interfacial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

 The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection was studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel jet from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and form three re-circulation zones including one upper re-circulation zone and two lower re-circulation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

Interracial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection were studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel is jetted from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and forms three recirculation zones including one upper recirculation zone and two lower recirculation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

250 t钢包精炼底吹氩吹孔位置优化的水模型试验

采用几何相似比1:3水模型,对250 t钢包底吹氩位置优化进行模拟试验,用电导法测定了单孔喷吹、双孔夹角90°和180°对称喷吹在至钢包中心不同距离处(0.37~0.61 R)采用不同吹气量(5~25 m³/h)时钢水的混匀时间。试验结果表明,单孔底吹氩,吹孔距钢包底部中心0.61 R(R为钢包底部半径)时混匀时间最短;双孔喷吹对称分布的混匀时间比单孔喷吹的混匀时间短;当双孔喷嘴0.61 R对称分布时,混匀时间最短,死区最小,且双孔喷嘴间距由0.37 R增至0.61 R时混匀时间明显减小。     

底吹炉氧枪喷口形式对气泡形态及混合状况的影响

针对4种不同的氧枪喷口结构进行了冷态试验研究，采用高速相机获得了不同喷口下的炉内气泡形态，采用电导率法测试了不同喷口下炉内流体的混合状况。试验结果表明，在相同的气体流量下，不同的气体喷口时炉内气泡的形态十分相似，当采用结构最复杂的喷口时，炉内的混合状态是最好的，结构最简单的喷口混合效果最差，其最小响应时间较最复杂喷口增加约11%，均混时间增加约4.7%。     

200t提钒复吹转炉氧枪喷头优化

 针对攀钢西昌钢钒200 t提钒复吹转炉在底吹布置一定的条件下,通过优化顶吹氧枪喷头的结构来增加熔池搅混能力的问题,采用物理模拟的方法在顶吹流量一定的条件下优化了氧枪喷头尺寸参数(包括喷孔夹角、喷孔数和马赫数Ma),并进行了工业性应用。结果表明,反映熔池搅拌能的混匀时间随喷孔夹角减小先减小后增大,在喷孔夹角为12°时最小;反映熔池液面活跃度的1/3大波波高随喷孔夹角减小先增大后减小,在喷孔夹角为12°时最大。5孔喷头混匀时间比4孔减小1.88%,波高减小3.35%,熔池中死区增大。Ma数为2.10和2.20的喷头比Ma数为1.99的喷头混匀时间分别减小7.36%和14.31%,波高分别增加8.68%和14.57%。3种参数对熔池搅拌影响程度的排序为Ma数>喷孔夹角>喷头孔数,且在底吹流量低时更为显著。工业应用结果表明,底吹效果差时优化喷头(4孔喷孔夹角为12°,Ma数为2.10)的应用加强了熔池反应的动力学条件,使半钢残w(［V］)降低18.8%,残钒合格炉次(不大于0.05%)比例提升26.7%,钒渣w((V2O5))增加了6.5%,w((TFe)) 降低了6.6%,达到了良好的冶金效果。     

高效铜侧吹熔炼反应器内均混时间的物理模拟

采用相似原理指导下的物理模拟试验,通过实时测定溶液电导率研究高效铜侧吹熔炼反应器内均混时间。结果表明,在喷嘴排布紧凑的1#排布下,熔池内流体的混合时间相对较短;随着喷嘴直径的增加,气体流速减小,均混时间变长;随着气体流量的增大,均混时间不断减小,但减小的幅度变小。     

RH喷吹参数对循环流量和均混时间影响的物理模拟

以某厂300tRH真空精炼装置为研究原型,建立1∶6.5的水力模型对RH喷吹精炼工艺进行物理模拟。研究了喷吹位置、喷吹气量及驱动气体流量对循环流量和均混时间的影响。结果表明:不同喷吹气量、驱动气体流量条件下,获得大循环流量和短均混时间的最优喷吹位置不同。较小的喷吹气量(2.98~3.53m3/h)或者较小的驱动气体流量(0.93~1.02m3/h)时,宜采用低顶枪枪位(153.8mm)喷吹;喷吹气量大于3.91m3/h或者驱动气体流量大于1.12m3/h时,宜采用真空槽底部喷吹角度120°的侧喷嘴喷吹。顶枪与侧喷嘴复合喷吹有利于提高RH喷吹工艺的适应性及循环效率。