316L不锈钢在西沙海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为评估

采用循环阳极极化、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描Kelvin探针技术(SKP)评估了在西沙群岛苛刻海洋大气环境下,316L不锈钢经过不同时间暴露后的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明,暴露时间的长短对316L不锈钢的钝化行为没有显著影响。在极化曲线上均表现为阳极活化溶解特征,钝化膜失去保护作用,且暴露时间越长,不锈钢表面破损越多。同时随着暴露时间的延长,不锈钢表面微区的Kelvin电位整体分布下降,且趋向于不均匀分布,电位波动逐渐增大,这可能是由于钝化膜发生破裂进而发生点蚀以及腐蚀产物积累造成的。     

硝酸钝化时间对S32750超级双相不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了进一步提高S32750超级双相不锈钢（S32750 SDSS）的抗腐蚀性能，采用质量分数为40.0%的硝酸对其进行钝化处理，通过电化学极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott⁃Schottky曲线以及浸泡等方法，考察了硝酸钝化不同时间后S32750超级双相不锈钢的耐蚀性，并观察了腐蚀前后试样表面的腐蚀表面形貌。结果表明，钝化时间对S32750超级双相不锈钢钝化膜耐蚀性有显著影响，当钝化时间小于120 min时，钝化时间越长，腐蚀速率越小，钝化膜耐蚀性越好。     

放电等离子烧结NdFeB永磁材料的电化学腐蚀行为研究

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱技术研究了放电烧结NdFeB永磁材料在不同电化学环境下的腐蚀行为及其动力学过程．结果表明：在碱性环境中,磁体的电化学反应受表面电荷传递过程的控制,由于磁体表面形成了一层致密的保护膜,磁体表现出明显的钝化特征;在弱酸性环境中,磁体的电化学反应受表面活性物质吸附过程控制,磁体表面的阳极(富Nd相)区域存在电化学反应的活性通道,磁体因此很容易发生电化学腐蚀;与传统烧结磁体相比,放电等离子烧结磁体具有更好的耐蚀性．     

Er对AP65镁合金组织与电化学性能的影响

采用金相显微技术、静态浸泡腐蚀、动电位扫描法和恒电流法等方法观测了AP65-x%Er镁合金的显微组织、在3. 5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中的静态析氢速率、塔菲尔曲线、恒电流极化曲线,研究了稀土元素Er对AP65镁合金负极材料的显微组织和电化学性能的影响.结果表明:加入元素Er的AP65镁合金胞状晶组织转变为树枝晶组织、晶粒细化; AP65-x%Er镁合金的自腐蚀析氢速率显著降低、自腐蚀电位负移、腐蚀电流密度降低;恒电流放电时,反应产物随阴极相脱落物理破坏,阳极极化减弱,电化学反应活性增大,电位负移.     

氯盐环境下合金元素对钢筋腐蚀行为的影响

以低合金高强耐蚀钢筋和普通钢筋为试验对象,为模拟海洋飞溅区交替环境,在氯盐环境下进行干、湿周期浸润腐蚀试验。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察内锈层的表面形貌,采用交流阻抗谱和极化曲线等电化学方法研究合金元素对试验钢筋腐蚀行为的影响机制,采用X射线衍射(XRD)表征锈层结构。结果表明:Cr元素的添加可降低钢筋的自腐蚀电位,促进阳极钝化作用及腐蚀初期内锈层的形成,降低钢筋的平均腐蚀速率,且Cr含量越高,腐蚀初期平均腐蚀速率越低;Mn-Cu协同作用可扩大钢筋钝化范围,使钝化电流密度迅速降低,且使腐蚀中后期的阻抗迅速增大,加快锈层向稳定化锈层α-Fe OOH与Fe3O4发展,缩短稳定性锈层生成时间,降低钢筋腐蚀中后期的腐蚀速率。     

应变和极化协同作用下裂纹尖端阳极溶解行为

金属材料在服役过程中,其表面裂纹的尖端会因受到应力作用而优先发生局部塑性变形;加之极化的共同作用,其与裂纹以外区域在腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率方面存在明显差异。本文使用自主设计的原位加载台,与扫描振动电极技术（SVET）和电化学工作站相结合,深入研究了酸性NaCl溶液中316L不锈钢裂纹尖端在应变和极化协同作用下的阳极溶解行为。结果表明：裂纹尖端是应力集中区,应变会导致裂纹尖端的钝化膜破裂及金属局部的快速阳极溶解。当金属处于开路电位或较低阳极极化电位下时,裂纹尖端新暴露的金属表面能快速钝化,导致总电流短暂上升然后迅速下降。在较高的阳极极化电位下,即使该电位处于316L不锈钢的钝化区,新暴露的金属表面也不能再次钝化,导致裂纹尖端局部位置持续的阳极溶解。在点蚀电位以上,316L表面会发生点蚀,由于应变新暴露的金属表面也不能再次钝化,导致裂纹尖端局部位置和点蚀处均为样品表面持续的阳极溶解区。     

X65管线钢电化学充氢后在土壤中腐蚀行为

针对油气管道长距离输送所产生土壤质地差异大的工况条件,因氢引起的管道腐蚀问题越来越被人们所关注.基于极化曲线法和电化学阻抗谱法研究了充氢的X65管线钢在格尔木、大港站、大庆站、拉萨站4种模拟土壤溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.试验结果表明:在同一种土壤溶液中,X65管线钢的开路电位随着充氢时间的增加逐渐降低.不同充氢条件下的X65管线钢在格尔木、大港站、大庆站、拉萨站4种模拟土壤溶液中的极化曲线都只表现出活化溶解状态,而未出现活化-钝化转变区,腐蚀电流密度越来越小,腐蚀速率越来越慢.对EIS进行拟合得出电荷转移电阻R_(ct)随充氢时间t变化规律,R_(ct)在4种土壤溶液中大小依次为格尔木大港站大庆站拉萨站,与极化曲线的分析结果一致.     

乙硫醇对Q235钢的腐蚀行为及机理

为了研究汽油体系中Q235钢的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机理,通过改变乙硫醇体积分数和介质导电性研究了Q235钢的腐蚀行为,并从自组装膜的不完整性角度探讨了腐蚀机理.结果表明,汽油体系中乙硫醇具有较强的腐蚀性,腐蚀速率随乙硫醇体积分数的增加而增大.当介质中含微量导电盐时,Q235钢的腐蚀速率显著增大.腐蚀产物以Fe的氧化物为主,且含少量硫铁化物.乙硫醇可吸附在Q235钢表面形成结构不完整的自组装膜,一方面,电离出少量的H+以中和吸氧反应产生的OH-,从而加速阴极过程;另一方面,C2H5S-与Fe2+结合生成二次腐蚀产物,促进了阳极过程,从而加速了腐蚀.     

温度对316L不锈钢在3.5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中温度对316L不锈钢(316L SS)腐蚀行为的影响,采用Mott-Schottky316L SS腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明,在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,随着温度的逐渐升高,316L SS在该溶液中的开路电位和腐蚀电位逐渐变负,自腐蚀电流密度逐渐增大,钝化膜电阻和点蚀电位也逐渐减小。对表面腐蚀形貌进行观察的结果表明,随着温度的升高,316L SS表面腐蚀坑直径逐渐增大,数量逐渐增多。这主要因为温度的升高降低了316L SS表面钝化膜的致密度,增大了表面钝化膜的溶解速度,使其抗腐蚀性能下降。     

不锈钢在NaCl溶液和海水中的腐蚀行为

用动电位扫描法测定了几种不锈钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液和海水中的阳极极化曲线。研究了Ａ７２５Ｍ０２Ｔｉ及Ｒ１系列的不锈钢在二种腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为，并与含Ｃｌ－的Ｈ３ＰＯ４溶液中几种不锈钢的腐蚀特征进行了比较。结果表明，在不同的腐蚀介质中，各种不锈铜的腐蚀行为不同，铬、铂、镍等合金元素对不锈钢的耐蚀性能有很大影响。几种不锈钢在含Ｃｌ－的Ｈ３ＰＯ４溶液中其极化曲线具有典型的活化—钝化极化曲线的特征，而在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液和海水中，除了Ａ７２５外，其它几种不锈钢极化曲线上的钝化区很小或没有钝化区．Ａ７２５，Ｒ（１０）及Ｍ０２Ｔｉ等三种不锈铜均出现点蚀的情况．     

以TiB2作为硼源制备硼酸铝晶须的合成机理

以TiB2作为硼源制备了硼酸铝晶须，对反应过程中的相转变以及晶须的生长机理进行了分析。结果表明，（NH4）2SO4分解释放活性[O]使TiB2氧化生成B2O3，为硼酸铝晶须的生长提供硼源。砧／B的配比对晶须的形态影响较大。在晶须的生长过程中，过量的液态B2O3作为一个载体可以把Al2O3输运到晶核的附近促进晶须的生长。     

Effect of Al_2O_(3np) on the Properties and Microstructure of B_4C_p/Al Composites

Aluminum-matrix boron carbide (B_4C_p/Al) is a kind of neutron absorbing material widely used in nuclear spent fuel storage.In order to improve the tensile property of B_4C_p/Al composites,a new type of nano-Al_2O_3 particle (Al_2O_(3np)) reinforced B_4C_p/Al + Al_2O_(3np) composites were prepared by powder metallurgy method.The Monte Carlo particle transport program (MCNP) was used to determine the influence of Al_2O_(3np )on the thermal neutron absorptivity of composites.The universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the mechanical properties,microstructure and fracture morphology of B_4C_p/Al composites.The results indicated that the neutron absorption properties of B_4C_p/Al composites were not affected by the addition of nano-Al_2O_3 particles in the range of 1 wt%-15 wt%.The addition of Al_2O_(3np) can obviously reduce the grain size of B_4C_p/Al matrix metals thus improve the tensile strength of the composites.The addition threshold of Al_2O_(3np) is about 2.5 wt%.Both B_4C_p and Al_2O_(3np) change the fracture characteristics of the composites from toughness to brittleness,and the latter is more important.     

B4C/TiO2/Al复合材料制备及其性能

采用热压法制备了B4C/TiO2/Al复合陶瓷材料，试验结果表明，TiO2和Al的加入，使得B4C/TiO2/Al复合材料的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性比纯B4C陶瓷材料有较大程度的提高；而且，添加相促进了复合材料的烧结.利用热力学和X射线衍射分析研究烧结过程中的化学反应，分析结果表明，复合材料中没有发现TiO2，Al，Al2O3；同时在复合材料中出现了TiB2，因为在热压过程中TiO2与B4C反应生成TiB2.分析了B4C/TiO2/Al复合陶瓷材料的微观结构和增韧机理.     

Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Pb alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

An investigation on electrochemical behavior of Mg-5%Pb alloy, Mg-6%Al alloy and Mg-6%Al-5%Pb alloy(mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl(mass fraction) solution was conducted using electrochemical measurements and corroded morphology observation, in which solid solution and the as-aged state of each alloy were compared to discuss the influence mechanism of lead and aluminium on the electrochemical properties of alloys. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to make microstructure characterization. The electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion of Mg-5%Pb alloy is predominated by homogeneous pitting and dissolution of PbCl_2 film due to Cl ions attack, while corrosion crevice propagates along grain boundaries in solid solution of Mg-6%Al alloy and the micro galvanic corrosion also plays vital role in Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase containing experimental alloys. The co-existence of lead and aluminium in magnesium alloy increases corrosion current density and electrochemical activity as well. The comparison between solid solution and the as-aged state demonstrates that Mg_2 Pb and Mg_(17)Al_(12) somewhat increase corrosion resistance but lighten anodic polarization by facilitating corrosion product flaking off.     

混杂增强AZ91复合材料的制备及其显微组织和性能

采用挤压铸造方法制备了以AZ91镁合金为基体、Al2O3短纤维(Al2O3f)和石墨颗粒(Grp)混杂为增强体的复合材料。观察了不同复合材料的显微组织,测试了其力学性能,并对其摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明:用此法制备的镁基复合材料增强相分布均匀,与基体结合紧密。硬度随Grp体积分数的增加而降低,Al2O3f的加入能提高复合材料的硬度。抗拉强度和伸长率都随Grp体积分数的增加而减小。Grp体积分数增加,磨损质量损失和摩擦系数都降低。随着摩擦过程的进行,在试样表面逐渐形成一层黑色连续的润滑膜。     

Preparation,Structures,Thermal Properties and Sintering Behaviors of B_2O_3-SiO_2-ZnO-BaO-Al_2O_3 Glass

B_2O_3-SiO_2-ZnO-BaO-Al_2O_3 glass with different Al_2O_3 contents(1mol%, 3mol%, 5mol%, and 7mol%) was prepared, and it was intended to be used as lead-free and low-melting glass sealants for solid oxide fuel cells. The effects of Al_2O_3 content on the structures, thermal properties, and sintering behaviors of the B_2O_3-SiO_2-ZnO-BaO-Al_2O_3 glass were investigated in detail. The Al_2O_3 content largely influenced the structures and thermal properties of the glass. When the Al_2O_3 content 5mol%, the transition temperature of the glass decreased with the Al_2O_3 content, while the crystallization temperature increased with the Al_2O_3 content. However, higher Al_2O_3 content degraded the stability of the glass. The B_2O_3-SiO_2-ZnO-BaO-Al_2O_3 glass with 5 mol% Al_2O_3 content exhibits the optimal sintering densification characteristics and can be used as glass sealants for solid oxide fuel cells.     

Effects of Mo Composites on the Corrosion Behaviors of Low Alloy Steel

By using electrochemical and weight loss methods, the effect of MoO42-on the corrosion behaviors of low alloy steel was investigated in the 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution at high temperature. The results show that MoO42 , being an anodic inhibitor, would form a passive film rapidly and impede both anodic and cathodic reactions. Moreover, Na2MoO4 effectively prevents corrosion in 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution when its concentration is higher than 200 mg/L. Some elements of alloy, such as chromium and nickel, may cause the widening of passive potential region and the decrease of passive density, which indicates that the corrosion resistance increases. AES analysis shows that molybdenum participates in forming a protection film. The synergistic effect between chromium and molybdenum induces Cr-steel to be in passive state in lower Na2MoO4 concentration.     

金属间化合物/Al2O3,TiC陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

概述了国内外有关金属间化合物／Al2O3,TiC陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状,特别是工艺、结构和性能间的关系以及增韧补强的机理,指出了存在的问题及今后的发展趋势．目前金属间化合物陶瓷基复合材料(I／CMC)大多是以高纯单质或化合物粉为原料,采用粉末冶金或原位合成等工艺来制备．而以天然钛铁矿为原料,原位合成制备金属间化合物／Al2O3-TiC陶瓷基复合材料是I／CMC发展的趋势之一．     

Hierarchical Co_3O_4 Microstructures Decorated with Ag and Cu Oxides: Study of Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Properties

Three-dimensional hierarchical Co_3O_4 microstructures decorated with Ag and Cu oxides were prepared via displacement reaction and subsequent annealing treatment.Photocatalytic properties measurements revealed that the photocatalystic activities of Cu O/Co_3O_4 composites(Co_3O_4 microstructures decorated with Cu O)were enhanced while those of Ag_2O/Co_3O_4 composites(Co_3O_4 microstructures decorated with Ag_2O)were reduced,when compared with those of pure hierarchical Co_3O_4 microstructures toward the degradation of methyl orange.In addition,Cu O/Co_3O_4 composites exhibited an excellent recyclability ability of photodegradation.The electrochemical properties test indicated that both of the composite oxide electrodes exhibited excellent pseudocapacitive performance with relatively high specific capacitance and good long-term cycling stability.With the increase of the loaded Ag_2O and Cu O dosages deposited on the Co_3O_4 microstructures surface,the specific capacitance values of the composites were increased.Ag_2O/Co_3O_4 composite electrodes showed higher specific capacitance values and better cycling stability than Cu O/Co_3O_4 composite ones.     

Ga 对 Fe40Ni40P14B6 非晶合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响

具有高的玻璃形成能力Fe基非晶合金(Fe40Ni40P14B6)100-xGax(x=0,2.5和4.5)是利用单辊铜轮旋转的方法制备出来的.用电化学的方法研究非晶合金(Fe40Ni40P14B6)100-xGax(x=0,2.5和4.5)分别在1 mol/L和3 mol/L的HCl溶液中腐蚀行为,结果表明:非晶合金(Fe40Ni40P14B6)100-xGax(x=0,2.5和4.5)在HCl溶液中具有较高的腐蚀特性,并且随着Ga含量的增加,铁基非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能增加.另外,非晶合金(Fe40Ni40P14B6)100-xGax(x=0,2.5和4.5)与不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)分别在1 mol/L和3 mol/L的HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为相比,非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能更好.