五沟煤矿导水裂隙带发育高度预测

煤层开采导致覆岩产生移动变形破坏,描述覆岩破坏影响程度的导水裂隙带发育高度是评价顶板是否发生突水溃砂等灾害事故的重要指标之一,因此对影响导水裂隙带发育高度的采高、工作面几何参数、覆岩岩性及岩层结构等主要因素进行分析,利用模糊数学方法将非线性问题转换成线性问题进行计算,获得五沟煤矿10煤开采导水裂隙带发育高度预测公式,为五沟煤矿含水层下10煤层的安全开采提供指导。     

大采深条件下导水裂隙带高度计算研究

在分析导水裂隙带高度计算经验公式来源背景的基础上,阐明了只考虑采厚单因素计算导水裂隙带高度的经验公式不合理性及其应用的局限性,针对大采深条件下工作面覆岩运动的特点,基于采场顶板"上四带"划分理论,推导出了考虑开采厚度、开采深度、工作面跨度、岩石的力学性质、岩层的组合特征、含水层水压等因素的导水裂隙带理论计算公式.结果表明:大采深条件下,工作面跨度对裂隙带高度发育有控制作用,含水层水压对导水裂隙带高度发育有促进作用,结合鲍店煤矿1303工作面开采实例,说明获得的理论公式可应用性.     

核桃峪井田华池-洛河组水文地质条件评价

通过分析核桃峪井田所在区域内煤层上覆华池、洛河组巨厚层状砂岩孔隙裂隙承压水的补给、径流、排泄条件以及水文地质边界,研究了华池、洛河组承压含水层的水文地质特征,计算了因煤炭开采引起的冒落带及导水裂隙带的发育高度。结果表明该承压含水层厚度大、胶结性较差、承压性强、水文地质结构特殊,在一些节理裂隙发育的局部地段,富水性强,成为主要的导水通道,对井筒的开凿和煤炭开采影响较大,是构成矿井充水的主要含水岩组。     

基于RFPA2D的煤层开采冒裂带发育高度预测分析

根据某矿开采技术条件和岩石力学性能等参数,建立力学模型,运用RFPA2D数值模拟软件进行覆岩导水裂隙带高度预测,用经验公式对覆岩导水裂隙带高度进行了估算.在采空工作面进行实测导水裂隙带高度.结果表明RFPA2D数值模拟所得到的导水裂隙带高度与现场测定结果基本接近,考虑预测偏差率后可以作为煤层冒裂带发育的高度进行矿井防治水的依据.     

巨厚煤层顶板离层水致灾机理研究

为探讨巨厚煤层顶板离层水的致灾机理,以陕西焦坪矿区某矿1418工作面为研究对象,分析其突水特征及突水地质条件,并基于"拱梁平衡理论",对可致灾离层发育层位进行了判别,对离层水发育的周期进行了计算,采用UDEC数值模拟软件,对覆岩离层及导水裂缝带的发育过程进行了模拟。结果表明:可致灾的"空腔型"离层发育在直罗组泥岩和宜君组粗砾岩之间,主关键层破断周期间隔距离为190 m;导水裂缝带发育高度约245 m,导通至洛河组下段砂岩裂隙潜水含水层;顶板离层突水具有动态周期性特点,当"空腔型"离层形成稳定"储水体"后,随着顶板覆岩破坏程度的增加以及主关键层的破断,稳定"储水体"被打破,沿导水裂缝带涌入矿井,造成突水事故;随顶板覆岩的周期性破断,离层突水周期性发生。     

特厚煤层综放开采导水裂隙带高度的数值模拟

以抚顺老虎台矿开采工程实践为例,针对特厚煤层的开采特点,应用立体弹塑性数值模拟方法,对综放条件下特厚煤层上覆岩体破坏规律、应力分布特点以及应力场演变规律、上覆岩体移动与变形规律及上覆岩层导水裂隙带高度的演变特性及发展规律进行了研究,所得研究结果可直接应用于老虎台矿的安全生产.     

告成矿滑动构造下导水裂隙带高度分析

为了研究告成矿滑动构造下不同类型顶板的导水裂隙带发育高度,结合告成矿地质采矿条件,利用GMS软件对25采区上覆岩层信息数字化,经算法插值后生成三维地质模型,得到了滑动构造的产状特征。基于地质模型,通过岩层拉伸率计算和数值模拟等方法,对告成矿采空区不同类型顶板的裂隙带高度进行研究。结果表明:滑动构造下的导水裂隙带高度低于常规地质采矿条件下的;滑动构造带以较厚且易碎的特征赋存,煤层采出后主要以变形为主,不易发生断裂,不能形成由下至上贯通的导水裂隙,具有一定的隔水性;滑动构造条件下,在应用《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范》中导水裂隙带计算公式时,需考虑顶板岩层的力学性质等因素。     

厚松散含水层下覆岩破坏规律分析

以钱营孜煤矿东一采区的工程实例为背景，运用FLAC^3D软件对工作面开采进行数值模拟，结果显示“两带”即覆岩垮落带和导水裂隙带的发育高度分别为10.9 m和42 m。设计并施工了两个采后“两带”高度探查孔，显示工作面垮落带高度实测值为10.66～12.00 m,导水裂隙带高度实测值为40.87～44.87 m,与按规程理论计算和数值软件模拟所得结果接近，可作为相似条件下工作面煤岩柱留设与安全评价的依据。     

超高水材料开放式充填开采覆岩控制研究

以陶一矿超高水材料开放式充填开采为背景,介绍了超高水材料开放式充填开采效果的评价方法,并对其覆岩控制效果进行了分析和评价.结果表明：超高水材料的渗透效果与存在裂隙的多少及其导通性有关.采用该方法进行充填开采后,充填率可接近90%,覆岩控制效果良好,地表未发生明显变化,采空区及其顶底板岩层中几乎所有导通的缝隙和部分离层空间都被超高水材料充填密实,工作面瓦斯含量也有明显降低.     

导水裂缝带的广义损伤因子研究

用导水裂缝带广义损伤因子确定了导水裂缝带的最大高度.采用概率积分法研究了导水裂缝带的移动变形对其断裂损伤的影响.结果表明:导水裂缝带广义损伤因子的大小与其断裂损伤程度成正比,当导水裂缝带广义损伤因子小于某一特定值时,此处覆岩的断裂损伤不具有导水性,并以榆树湾煤矿20102上工作面开采为例,计算出其导水裂缝带广义损伤因子D0为1.67×10-3,裂缝带的最大高度为89m,与现场实测90m基本吻合,验证了该方法的可靠性.     

Predicting the height of water-flow fractured zone during coal mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir

It is very important to determine the extent of the fractured zone through which water can flow before coal mining under the water bodies.This paper deals with methods to obtain information about overburden rock failure and the development of the fractured zone while coal mining in Xin'an Coal Mine.The risk of water inrush in this mine is great because 40% of the mining area is under the Xiaolangdi reservoir.Numerical simulations combined with geophysical methods were used in this paper to obtain the development law of the fractured zone under different mining conditions.The comprehensive geophysical method described in this paper has been demonstrated to accurately predict the height of the water-flow fractured zone.Results from the new model,which created from the results of numerical simulations and field measurements,were successfully used for making decisions in the Xin'an Coal Mine when mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Industrial scale experiments at the number 11201,14141 and14191 working faces were safely carried out.These achievements provide a successful background for the evaluation and application of coal mining under large reservoirs.     

Overburden fracture evolution laws and water-controlling technologies in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof

Considering the danger of water inrush in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof in Majialiang Coal Mine, the universal discrete element (UDEC) software was used to simulate the overburden fracture evolution laws when mining 4# coal seam. Besides, this study researched on the influence of face advancing length, speed and mining height on the height of the water flowing fractured zones (HWFFZ), and analyzed the correlation of face advancing length and change rules of aquifer water levels and goaf water inflow. Based on those mentioned above, this research proposed the following water-controlling technologies: draining the roof water before mining, draining goaf water, reasonable advancing speed and mining thickness. These water-controlling technologies were successfully used in the field, thus ensured safely mining the very thick coal seam under water-rich roof.     

Fissure evolution and evaluation of pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams

Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field, rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams. The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer. The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C 13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m, which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results. The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects. It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam. The method is applicable for the study of rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of the overburden, using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.     

Time effect and prediction of broken rock bulking coefficient on the base of particle discrete element method

Bulking characteristics of gangue are of great significance for the stability of goafs in mining overburden in the caving zones. In this paper, a particle discrete element method with clusters to represent gangue was adopted to explore the bulking coefficient time effect of the broken rock in the caving zone under three-dimensional triaxial compression condition. The phenomena of stress corrosion, deformation,and failure of rock blocks were simulated in the numerical model. Meanwhile, a new criterion of rock fragments damage was put forward. It was found that the broken rock has obvious viscoelastic properties. A new equation based on the Burgers creep model was proposed to predict the bulking coefficient of broken rock. A deformation characteristic parameter of the prediction equation was analyzed, which can be set as a fixed value in the mid-and long-term prediction of the bulking coefficient. There are quadratic function relationships between the deformation characteristic parameter value and Talbot gradation index, axial pressure and confining pressure.     

Structure and deformation measurements of shallow overburden during top coal caving longwall mining

Mining induced pressures are strong and overburden failure areas are large in top coal caving longwall mining, which constrains high production and safety mining. By employing the combination of the full view borehole photography technique and the seismic CT scanner technique, the deformation and failure of overlying strata of fully mechanized caving face in shallow coal seam were studied and the failure development of overburden was determined. Results show that the full view borehole photography can reveal the characteristics of strata, and the seismic CT scanner can reflect the characteristics of strata between the boreholes. The combined measurement technique can effectively determine the height of fractured and caved zones. The top end of the caved zone in Yangwangou coal mine employing the top coal caving longwall mining was at the depth of 171 m and fractured zone was at the depth of 106-110 m. The results provide a theoretic foundation for controlling the overburden strata in the shallow buried top coal caving panel.     

Fractured zone height of longwall mining and its effects on the overburden aquifers

As mining depth becomes deeper and deeper, the possibility of undermining overburden aquifers is increasing. It is very important for coal miners to undertake studies on the height of fractured zone during longwall mining and the effects of longwall mining on the underground water while mining under surface water bodies and underground aquifers. In order to study this problem, piezometers for monitoring underground water levels were installed above the longwall panels in an American coalmine. Large amounts of pre-mining, during mining and post-mining monitoring data were collected. Based on the data, the heights of fractured zones were obtained and the effects of longwall mining on the underground water were studied. The results demonstrate that when the piezometer monitoring wells had an interburden thickness of less than 72.7 m, the groundwater level decreased immediately to immeasurable levels and the wells went dry after undermining the face of longwall. The height of the fractured zone is 72.7–85.3 m in the geological and mining conditions. The results also show that the calculated values of fractured zones by the empirical formulae used in China are smaller than the actual results. Therefore, it is not always safe to use them for analyses while mining under water bodies.     

基于RS-ANN的某矿山井下开采防水安全岩柱厚度的确定

水下矿床是难采矿体的一个重要方面,针对某矿山的实际情况,深入分析了该矿的地质资料后,在查阅相关文献的基础上,建立了该矿导水裂隙带高度的粗糙集—神经网络预测模型.在比较了粗糙集—神经网络预测结果、地质详查报告提供的结果及采用经验公式计算的结果后,认为神经网络预测的结果较准确,其结论在该矿水下开采设计中可以采用.在预测的导水裂隙带高度基础上,参考采矿设计手册中的经验公式,并类比其它矿山水下开采的情况,计算出了防水安全岩柱的厚度.此项研究为该矿重新编制开采设计方案和安全专篇提供了依据,同时为矿山安全管理提供了参考.