岩石材料局部化渐进剪切破坏特性及模型分析

为研究岩石材料局部化渐进剪切破坏过程和机制,利用RMT-150C岩石力学多功能试验机,对典型岩样进行三轴压缩试验,分析了岩石全应力应变过程,重点探讨应力软化、残余应力稳定2个峰后阶段,研究了岩石的破坏形式及机理.结果表明,应力在峰后阶段呈现渐进式跌落,并逐渐趋于稳定而达到残余强度.同时,基于局部化剪切带的形成过程,依据岩石应变软化机制,构建能模拟岩石渐进剪切破坏的力学模型.最后,对所建立的模型进行试验验证,模型计算与试验结果吻合较好,证明了该模型的合理性.     

3D打印类岩石材料强度特性与动态损伤本构模型

为研究基于3D打印的层状类岩石材料动态损伤力学行为，对5组不同倾角的岩样，采用分离式霍普金森杆对其进行动态压缩试验。依据所得的应力-应变数据，以朱-王-唐本构模型为基础，建立一种线性弹簧体、Weibull分布损伤体和Maxwell体并联的黏弹性本构模型，并结合试样的残余强度特性引入损伤修正系数。最后，将其推广应用于黑色页岩的变形规律研究，以检验该本构模型的适用性。结果表明：动态冲击下岩样峰值应力随着倾角的增加呈现先减小后增大的“V”形变化趋势，与天然层状岩石的变化规律相符合；所构建的损伤本构模型，能准确地表征3D打印的层状类岩石材料的应力-应变曲线形状及其力学特征；考虑损伤修正后，其还可较好地反映试样峰后阶段应力应变变化特性与残余强度。研究结果对揭示层状岩石动载下变形规律具有一定参考价值。     

深部巷道稳定的若干岩石力学问题

论述了深部岩石力学与工程问题研究的意义；评述了深部原岩应力分布对岩石性质与岩石工程的影响；指出了岩石强度失效与工程围岩破坏过程的实质；分析和评价了岩石破坏所形成的序列结构形式以及对其强度的影响．根据深部岩石工程施工以及变形破坏的特点，通过对工程开挖的卸压影响、岩石脆性与延性破坏的关系以及岩石变形、破坏的时间效应的分析，说明了深部岩石工程稳定有其不同的性质与特点．     

岩石均匀度对岩石本构关系影响的细观模拟研究

通过颗粒流程序模拟了岩石介质的均匀性对宏观力学特性的影响.结果表明:均匀度对岩石变形的非线性行为起到决定性的作用,降低均匀度,岩石变形的非线性行为明显增强,达到峰值应力后曲线出现弱化行为,残余强度的降低是渐进的;反之,变形的线性增强,变形后期出现显著的脆性和较低的残余强度特征.     

用于分析岩爆倾向性的剩余能量指数

通过分析岩石变形破坏过程中的能量变化，提出以岩石在峰值强度前储存的弹性应变能和峰值强度后稳定破坏所需的能量耗散之差（即剩余能量）与峰值强度后稳定破坏所需的能量耗散之比作为剩余能量指数，以反映岩石在峰值强度后区的动态特性；推导了剩余能量指数计算公式，并给出了其试验测定方法。此外，分析了将剩余能量指数作为岩爆倾向性指标的合理性，并采用铜陵有色金属冬瓜山深部矿床的典型矿岩进行了峰值前的循环加，卸载试验和变形破坏全过程试验，结合该矿床实际岩爆资料，对剩余能量指数与现有基于能量理论的岩爆倾向性指标进行分析，结果表明该指标能够较好地反映岩石的岩爆倾向性。     

水灰比对高水材料力学特性影响的试验研究

充填开采是实现矿山绿色开采的有效方式,研究量大适宜的充填材料成为充填开采技术应用的关键。高水材料是一种新型矿山充填材料,其受压后的物理力学性能直接影响采空区充填体的稳定性。固体颗粒和水作为高水材料主要的组成物质,其相对含量直接影响高水材料的物理力学特性。利用宏观与微观相结合的综合试验手段,对高水材料在不同水灰比条件下的基本物理性能和强度特性进行了系统研究,结果表明：高水材料结石体微观结构呈网状结构、且具有稀疏多孔等特点,使其可以吸附自身重量数倍的水。水灰比越大,网状结构中孔隙越稀疏,从而形成更大的孔隙结构。高水材料具有与岩石类似的应力应变曲线,但高水材料塑性极高,达到峰值强度后仍能保持较好的完整性。单轴压缩条件下,高水材料会出现明显的析水现象,水灰比越大,析水现象越严重。在单轴压缩条件下,高水材料有X型共轭剪切破坏、单斜剪切破坏和拉伸破坏等几种典型的破坏类型,水灰比较高时,高水材料常呈X型剪切破坏;水灰比较低时,常为劈裂破坏。高水材料单轴峰值强度和残余强度均随水灰比的增大而减小,水灰比越小其应力应变曲线峰值处越陡峻,峰后强度下降得越快,但其残余强度仍保持较高水平。该种材料塑性较好,残余强度较高,适合作为地下矿山采空区的永久充填材料。     

岩石结构面直剪试验下力学特性的研究

在对三种岩石结构面进行直接剪切试验的基础上，探讨了结构面的变形特性和表面粗糙度的效应，发现残余抗剪强度与峰值强度之比与结构面粗糙程度之间有较强的相关关系。     

岩石结构面直剪试验下力学特性的研究

在对三种岩石结构面进行直接剪切试验的基础上，探讨了结构面的变形特性和表面粗糙度的效应。发现残余抗剪强度与峰值强度之比与结构面粗糙程度之间有较强的相关关系。     

不同围压下灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型研究

为了研究围压对灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型的影响,采用MTS815对完整灰岩岩样进行三轴压缩试验。基于岩样宏观破坏形式,建立张拉剪切破坏模型,构建峰值强度与围压关系表达式;讨论张拉剪切模型与纯剪切模型对岩石剪切强度参数值（粘聚力与内摩擦角）的影响。研究结果表明：岩样弹性模量、抗压强度及残余强度均随围压升高而增大,且残余强度与围压呈非线性相关;当岩样最终破坏时,环向应变与轴向应变比值随围压升高呈负指数降低;一定围压范围内,岩石抗压强度受剪切强度参数和抗拉强度影响;张拉剪切模型确定岩石剪切强度参数值随破裂角增大而增大,与纯剪切模型相比,数值均较小。因此,低围压时,考虑岩石破坏模型具有一定的实际意义。     

巴东组岩石加卸荷力学性质及卸荷本构模型

为揭示巴东组岩石在加卸荷条件下力学参数的劣化效应以及卸荷条件下的本构模型,开展巴东组第2段(b2)和第4段(b4)红层岩石的加卸荷试验,系统研究不同应力路径下不同岩石的力学性质.试验结果表明,轴向加载是岩石压缩条件下破坏的主要原因,而岩石在卸荷条件下破坏的主要原因是横向扩容.与b4岩石相比,同围压下b2岩石的强度更高,b2岩石随围压增大的延性特征以及低围压下岩石峰后多级破坏现象更明显.卸荷条件下,b2峰值强度对应的内聚力和内摩擦角分别是压缩条件下的96.8%和92.9%,b4分别为96.6%和60.7%.卸荷量可用来表征岩石在卸荷条件下变形参数的劣化性质,并适用于卸荷屈服段的本构关系研究;提出的能量降比参数能反映峰后应力跌落阶段特征,从而建立各个阶段的岩石卸荷损伤本构模型,通过试验验证其合理性.此外,基于能量降比参数提出了残余强度的计算公式.研究表明,建立的卸荷损伤本构模型曲线与试验曲线较为吻合,能反映卸荷条件下的岩石变形特征.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

复杂应力条件下岩石的拉剪变形及破坏准则研究

根据不同围压条件下的粉细砂岩三轴压缩全程试验,分析了围压对砂岩峰值强度和破坏方式的影响,研究了压缩过程中砂岩的拉、剪变形随围压的变化规律。结果表明:粉细砂岩峰值强度与围压的关系是一条有拐点的折线,围压低于拐点对应的临界围压σ3L时,粉细砂岩的破坏方式仍为剪切破坏,但其强度受到张拉变形影响而低于Coulomb准则的计算值,岩石破裂面与最小主应力夹角大于(45°+φ/2);围压高于σ3L时,粉细砂岩的破坏仅受剪切变形控制,张拉变形对强度的影响可以忽略,岩石进入完全剪切破坏状态,破裂面角度与(45°+φ/2)吻合。在此基础上,提出了反应砂岩破坏过程中张拉应变和剪切应变相互关系的指标值ft/fγ,并据此推导了砂岩在不同围压下的强度准则,与实际情况较为吻合。     

半导体高温压力传感器的静电键合技术

分析了硅－玻璃静电键合机制，讨论了键合强度与玻璃表面、温度、键合电压的关系；通过缓慢降温等措施减小了键合后的残余应力。针对多晶硅高温压力传感器设计研制了一套装置，给出了其工作机制和键合电流－时间（I-t)关系。经大批量键合封接实验，键合的成品率达到95％以上，有效提高了多晶硅高温压力传感器的可靠性。     

Behavior of High Performance PVA Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites in Triaxial Compression

Based on an extensive experimental program,the paper studies the behavior of HPFRCC under triaxial compression. The experimental parameters are lateral confining pressure and PVA fiber content by volume. The test results indicate that ultimate strength and peak strain are significantly improved with the increases of confining pressure. The confining effect introduced by the fibers becomes minor in triaxial compression tests,where there is relatively high external confining pressure. The axial stress-strain curves with different confining pressure and different PVA fiber content by volume are obtained. Lateral confining pressure constraints the lateral expansion of HPFRCC,so there is a big plastic deformation with its ultimate strength improved. At lower confining pressure,PVA fiber content by volume has some effect on the decreased section of stress-strain curve. According to test results,the paper establishes formula of confining pressure with ultimate strength and axial peak strain respectively.     

Experimental investigation on dilatancy behavior of water-saturated sandstone

It is important to study the dilatancy property of water-saturated rock for understanding the engineering behavior of loaded rock mass. This study carried out the uniaxial and triaxial compressive experiments on the water-saturated red sandstone, analyzed the influences of confining pressure and pore pressure on dilatancy property of water-saturated rock, and discussed the reasonable basis of the stress of dilatancy onset as a strength design parameter of rock engineering, finally established the prediction model of the stress of dilatancy onset under the impacts of confining pressure and pore pressure. The results show that the strength parameters(the stress of dilatancy onset and peak strength) and deformation parameters(axial strain and circumferential strain) of water-saturated sandstone increase with the confining pressure, and the relations can be fitted with a positive linear function. The cohesion and internal friction angle obtained from the stress of dilatancy onset decrease by 11.57% and 7.33%, respectively, when compared with those obtained from the peak strength. The strength parameters and deformation parameters of water-saturated sandstone decrease basically with the increase of pore pressure, in which the relations between strength parameters or axial strain and pore pressure can be fitted with a negative linear function. However, the relation between the peak circumferential strain and the pore pressure should be characterized by a negative exponential function, and the circumferential strain at dilatancy onset isn't affected by the pore pressure.     

以等应变速率曲线为基础的岩石长期强度确定方法

长期强度是岩石时效强度的一种,是影响和评价岩体工程长期稳定性的一个重要性质.为更准确地求解长期强度,以等应变速率曲线为基础,提出了等应变速率曲线拐点法及极限应变法两种确定岩石长期强度的新方法.对锦屏二级水电站的绿片岩开展了单轴和三轴应力状态的常规和分级加载蠕变试验以验证上述方法,并利用文中提出的方法对绿片岩长期强度求解,得到了不同围压状态下绿片岩的长期强度值.同时,在极限应变法的求解过程中,结合蠕变曲线,得到了蠕变变形稳定时间以及相应的极限应变值.试验成果表明:两种方法均可求得长期强度,数值接近且符合长期强度的经验值;单轴以及三轴应力状态下长期强度分别为瞬时强度的66.9%(单轴)、68.0%(围压10 MPa)、79.6%(围压10 MPa).文中提出的确定长期强度的方法具有一定的可行性,同时,围压是影响长期强度的主要因素之一,具体表现为随着围压的升高,长期强度与瞬时强度的比值升高.     

Mechanical properties of deep-buried marble material under loading and unloading tests

The mechanical properties are essentially different when rock material is subjected to loading or unloading conditions. In this study, loading and unloading tests with various confining pressures are conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of marble material samples taken from the deep diversion tunnels of Jinping II Hydropower Station. The stress-strain relationship, failure characteristics and strength criterion are compared and analyzed based on the experiment results. The results show: in the loading and unloading test, peak strength, lateral strain, axial strain and plastic deformation increase significantly as the confining pressure increases. Lateral strain increased significantly and obvious lateral dilatancy can be observed to the change of confining pressure; The fracture mode is mainly the single shear fracture for the triaxial compression test and post-peak test, angle between the failure surface and the ends of the rock material becomes smaller as the confining pressure increases. Hoek-Brown strength criterion reflects the strength characteristics of marble material under two different unloading conditions, and has some supplementary effects to the rock material of mechanical field.     

模拟堆载作用的黄土边坡土体变形机理试验

通过固结不排水剪试验,研究了堆载作用下不同深度、含水量和围压的原状黄土的变形和破坏特征,并从 黄土的微观结构角度分析了产生这一现象的原因,结合黄土边坡特殊的工程地质条件,分析了堆载作用下黄土 边坡土体的变形破坏过程。试验结果表明,不同深度、含水量和围压的原状黄土的应力应变曲线和抗剪强度具 有不同的特征;特殊的工程地质条件,使黄土坡体的某些部位形成了堆载作用下不利于黄土材料强度保持的含 水量和围压的组合,导致了这些部位黄土的变形破坏,进而诱发坡体的变形破坏。     

Study of mechanism of strengthening materials with laser shock processing

The material of surface layer absorbs the energy of laser and produces plasma, when the high power laser radiates the surface of material. The plasma blows up and produces an intense shock wave. When the surface of material is covered with a confining medium and an absorptive coating layer, the shock wave can be strengthened greatly. There-fore a huge momentum is exerted on the surface of material. There is a plastic deformation layer in the material when the shock stress exceeds the dynamic yield strength of material. Due to the residual compressive stress, the high density of dislocation in the plastic layer, the anti-fatigue life of material is prolonged.