Raleigh多径信道下自适应OFDM系统性能分析

在Raleigh信道下对自适应调制结合空频分组码的OFDM方案进行性能分析.针对多径传播引起的快衰落问题,在简化为广义稳态非相关散射多径信道的基础上给出改进的Raleigh信道模型,并提出了一种基于信道状态信息的自适应SFBC-OFDM方案,该方法运用了Chow自适应比特分配算法及Alamouti分集算法,并给出自适应OFDM方案与之比较.仿真结果表明,在有信道信息延时的两种条件下增益分别高出了1.3～14 dB和3～17.5 dB.系统显示出较好的对抗多径影响的性能.     

适用于多径衰落信道的OFDM同步方法

针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统在多径衰落信道中容易受到同步误差的影响,本文提出了两种OFDM符号同步方法.该方法利用重复共轭对称的训练序列和改进的定时测度与判决方法完成符号定时;利用序列的一致性与频域差分编码进行频偏估计.分析与仿真结果表明,在多径衰落信道中与传统方法相比,本文提出的方法具有更好的同步性能和较低的计算复杂度.     

LDPC-COFDM系统在多径衰落信道下的性能分析

将正交频分复用(OFDM)技术应用于多径衰落信道下的高速数据传输是一个极富吸引力的方案,包括卷积码、RS码、Turbo码在内的多种纠错编码都曾被应用在OFDM系统中.最近,一种新的编码方案--低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)引起了人们的注意.LDPC具有低的解码复杂度和逼近香农限的性能.文中仿真分析了LDPC-COFDM(编码正交频分复用)系统的性能,并与Turbo码系统进行了对比,结果表明该系统在多径衰落信道下显示出更为优越的性能.     

频率选择性衰落信道中多用户OFDM系统的自适应分配算法

本文提出一种适用于多径频率选择性衰落信道中多用户OFDM系统的自适应分配算法.算法根据信道瞬时估计值,自适应地为多用户分配子信道和传输比特数,在给定误比特率的条件下,使系统总的发送功率达到最小.作者根据时分复用的基本思想,提出多用户最佳子信道和比特分配算法,导出系统最小发送功率的下限,并在此基础上,进一步提出次佳自适应分配算法.数值模拟表明:次佳算法所需的发送功率比下限值高约1dB;与等比特分配方案相比自适应分配算法可节省功率约3-4dB;与静态信道分配方案相比,自适应分配算法可节省功率6-8dB.     

复杂多径信道下的OFDM抗干扰同步算法

时间、频率同步是OFDM系统的关键技术之一。针对存在干扰的复杂多径信道场景,本文提出了在一个OFDM符号内利用两个重复的CAZAC序列进行时间频率同步的新方法。该方法通过在频域生成训练序列并进行时域加窗,减小干扰的影响;通过设置相对门限值和多个相关峰联合判决,提高定时同步性能;利用相关值进行频偏估计,减小干扰对频率同步的影响。仿真表明,该方法能够有效地提高系统的同步精度与抗干扰能力,适用于存在干扰的复杂多径信道环境。      

多径衰落信道下的OFDM时频联合同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。这种算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计,然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相对经典算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能,相比CAZAC序列算法,提升了多径信道下的同步性能。     

一种时变信道条件下OFDM系统的信道估计方法

针对正交频分复用（OFDM）系统，本文提出了一种时变条件下的信道估计方法。文中假设数据以包为单位进行传输，导频序列以叠加的方式和数据序列相结合，在得到对应于数据包内每帧OFDM信号的信道冲激响应之后，再在一个包内对这些信道冲激响应进行加权平均，从而提高信道估计的精度。     

移动衰落信道中的自适应OFDM调制

在宽带移动OFDM(正交频分复用)系统中，不同的子信道经受不同的信道衰落，具有不同的传输能力。若采用固定速率调制方案，信道容量和发送功率未能获得充分应用。自适应调制技术能充分利用信道容量和信号功率，满足不同传输速率和服务质量的要求。研究了一种适用于宽带移动OFDM系统的自适应算法。在平均发送功率不变务件下，算法根据子信道的衰落特性，自适应地分配子信道中数据比特，选择不同的信号星座和发送功率，使得系统的功率和频谱效率达到最佳。首先推导了在平均发送功率受限条件下，瑞利衰落信道中最大频谱效率；其次，分析了在给定误比特率(BER)条件下，采用连续功率、连续星座MQAM(多进制正交幅度调制信号)调制的最大功率频谱效率，在此基础上提出适用于实际系统的离散功率、离散星座MQAM调制算法；最后进一步优化系统的功率密度谱。计算机模拟表明：该算法能明显地提高移动OFDM系统的频谱效率。     

一种适用于多径衰落信道的OFDM系统同步算法

该文针对多径衰落信道的具体特点,提出了一种适用于无线衰落信道环境下的OFDM符号同步方法。此种方法利用前一帧估计的信道最大时延来调整相关窗长度,在最大程度上避开了多径的影响;并利用本帧信道估计得到的多径信息进一步完成符号精细同步。仿真证明,该方法比传统的方法有较大的性能改善,比较适合多径衰落信道环境下的符号定时同步。     

多径衰落信道下射频识别系统抗干扰技术

射频识别(RFID)系统通信环境由简单近距离的室内通信向复杂远距离的都市通信发展,在读写器和电子标签之间出现了由多径效应引起的带多普勒频移的瑞利衰落。针对 B 类标签信号在多径瑞利衰落信道中的传输进行系统建模与分析,并将正交频分复用(OFDM)系统引入以提高 RFID信号对信噪比的敏感度。仿真结果表明,标签信号在多径瑞利衰落信道中对信噪比变化不敏感,引入 OFDM后信号对信噪比的敏感度明显提高,RFID系统抗干扰能力得到增强。     

Maximum-likelihood frequency recovery for OFDM signals transmitted over multipath fading channels

In this paper, a novel feedback frequency synchronizer for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals transmitted over multipath fading channels is described. Its derivation is based on maximum-likelihood estimation techniques and assumes an approximate statistical knowledge of the communication channel. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed by computer simulation, and is compared with that provided by other synchronization algorithms and with Cramer-Rao bounds.     

ICI cancellation for OFDM communication systems in time-varying multipath fading channels

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, time-varying multipath fading leads to the loss of subcarrier orthogonality and the occurrence of intercarrier interference (ICI). In this study, an efficient ICI suppression with less noise enhancement for multicarrier equalization is presented by using a parallel canceling scheme via frequency-domain equalization techniques, with the assumption that the channel impulse response (CIR) varies linearly during a block period. In order to avoid performance deterioration due to unreliable initial estimations in the parallel cancellation scheme, a cost function with proper weighting factor is introduced to improve the performance of the proposed equalizer. The proposed equalizer consists of a set of prefilters and a set of ICI cancellation filters, with two stages to perform different functions to achieve minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization. The prefilters compensate for the multiplicative distortion at the first stage, and the ICI cancellation filters remove the effects of ICI by a parallel cancellation scheme at the second stage. Finally, the performance of the proposed equalizer is analyzed and compared with that of other equalizers, indicating significant performance improvement.     

Joint weighted least-squares estimation of carrier-frequency offset and timing offset for OFDM systems over multipath fading channels

This work presents an algorithm for joint estimation of carrier-frequency offset and timing offset for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in the tracking mode. The proposed weighted least-squares algorithm derives its estimates based on phase differences in the received pilot subcarrier signals between two symbols. Moreover, the optimal weights in two different channel conditions are derived. Both analysis and simulation show that the weighted least-squares algorithm can effectively and accurately estimate the carrier-frequency offset as well as the timing offset of OFDM signals in multipath fading channels.     

SMC-based blind detection for DS-CDMA systems over multipath fading channels

This letter derives a computationally efficient sequential Monte Carlo solution for blind detection of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems over multipath fading channels by decomposing the observed data into a number of signal components. Then the parameters of each component can be estimated by the sequential importance sampling and Kalman filtering. In comparison with other similar receivers, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves the desirable performance with a significantly reduced computational complexity.     

瑞利衰落下的空时频(STF)分组编码OFDM系统

基于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统，提出了一种发射分集方案——比特交织空时频(BI—STF)分组编码。其基本思路是：应用子载波分群方法并选择合适的系统参数，将OFDM系统转化成分群OFDM(G-OFDM)，对每个群分别进行空时频分组编码(GSTFBC)；在编码比特被重组和映射成GSTF分组编码前进行合理的比特交织，并按一定的规则分配给各个单群子载波进行酉星座旋转(CR)预编码。随后讨论了该方案的频谱利用率和成对错误概率(PEP)。仿真结果表明，同其它编码方案相比，提出的方案能在频率选择性瑞利衰落信道下获得最大的空间分集和频率分集增益，且只有较低的解码复杂性。     

Space-time-frequency coded OFDM over frequency-selective fading channels

This paper proposes novel space-time-frequency (STF) coding for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. Incorporating subchannel grouping and choosing appropriate system parameters, we first convert our system into a set of group STF (GSTF) systems. This enables simplification of STF coding within each GSTF system. We derive design criteria for STF coding and exploit existing ST coding techniques to construct both STF block and trellis codes. The resulting codes are shown to be capable of achieving maximum diversity and coding gains, while affording low-complexity decoding. The performance merits of our design are confirmed by corroborating simulations and compared with existing alternatives.     

On CDMA with space-time codes over multipath fading channels

We explore code-division multiple-access systems with multiple transmitter and receiver antennas combined with algebraic constellations over a quasi-static multipath fading channel. We first propose a technique to obtain transmit diversity for a single user over quasi-static fading channels by combining algebraic constellations with full spatial diversity and spreading sequences with good cross-correlation properties. The proposed scheme is then generalized to a multiuser system using the same algebraic constellation and different spreading sequences. We also propose a linear multiuser detector based on the combination of linear decorrelation with respect to all users, and the application of the sphere decoder to decode each user separately. Finally, we consider the generalization to multipath fading channels where the additional diversity advantage due to multipath is exploited by the sphere decoder, and a method of blind channel estimation based on subspace decomposition is examined.     

Complex-field coding for OFDM over fading wireless channels

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) converts a time-dispersive channel into parallel subchannels, and thus facilitates equalization and (de)coding. But when the channel has s close to or on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) grid, uncoded OFDM faces serious symbol recovery problems. As an alternative to various error-control coding techniques that have been proposed to ameliorate the problem, we perform complex-field coding (CFC) before the symbols are multiplexed. We quantify the maximum achievable diversity order for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) or correlated Rayleigh-fading channels, and also provide design rules for achieving the maximum diversity order. The maximum coding gain is given, and the encoder enabling the maximum coding gain is also found. Simulated performance comparisons of CFC-OFDM with existing block and convolutionally coded OFDM alternatives favor CFC-OFDM for the code rates used in a HiperLAN2 experiment.     

Cyclostationarity-based OFDM signal sensing over doubly-selective fading channels

In this paper, using cyclostationarity-based sensing method to detect the presence of Or-thogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal over doubly-selective fading channels is studied. By approximating the channel with Basis Expansion Model (BEM), we derive the second-order cyclostationary statistics of the received OFDM signal over doubly-selective fading channels. Theo-retical analysis indicates that new cyclostationary signatures produced by Doppler spread and mul-tipath delay can be further exploited in the detecting process. Simulation examples demonstrate that the sensing methods using channel-induced cyclostationary features provide substantial improvements on detection performance.