Electromagnetically coupled microstrip dipoles

A new class of printed circuit radiator consisting of a microstrip dipole electromagnetically coupled to a microstrip feed line is described. Several configurations which differ in bandwidth, efficiency, and construction simplicity are presented. A geometry which has been found to be optimum for many applications is noted. Radiation characteristics of both isolated elements and arrays of elements are examined. Experimental and theoretical results are presented.     

圆极化微带贴片天线辐射和散射特性研究

提出了一种改进的宽带圆极化微带天线。该天线采用单端口、共面波导馈电。通过仿真优化,获得了32.7%的圆极化轴比带宽(AR<3dB),和47.6%的阻抗带宽(VSWR<2.0)。测量天线样机的阻抗带宽为44.4%,较好地吻合了仿真计算结果。最后,以设计天线为例,研究了圆极化微带贴片天线的辐射特性和散射特性,为圆极化天线雷达截面减缩技术打下了良好的理论和实验基础。     

Mutual coupling between microstrip dipoles in multielement arrays

An analytical method for evaluating mutual coupling in multielement microstrip arrays is discussed. The elements of the array are strip dipoles covered by an overlayer and excited by microstrip lines embedded in the substrate. In addition, two different ways of excitation are considered to evaluate the effect of the feeding lines on the coupling between the dipoles. Throughout the analysis, the transmission line and dipole widths are taken to be a fraction of the free-space wavelength, so that the longitudinal current component is the dominant contributor to the characteristics of the array. Under this assumption, the transverse component of the current is neglected without introducing appreciable error. The current distribution along the longitudinal direction is evaluated by solving an appropriate integral equation using Galerkin's method with piecewise continuous sinusoidal functions. All possible interactions between the currents on the feeding transmission lines and dipoles are included. Using the computed current distribution, transmission-line theory is applied on the feeding microstrip lines to evaluate self- and mutual impedances as well as scattering coefficients at chosen reference planes     

新型超宽带微带天线辐射和散射特性研究

提出了一种改进的超宽带微带贴片天线。天线以共面波导方式馈电,其阻抗带宽在满足VSWR<2.0条件下的仿真计算结果为2.5~20 GHz,天线样机实测结果为2.8~18.7 GHz。研究天线的辐射和散射特性,并与参考天线作对比,发现在同样满足超宽带宽的条件下,设计的天线具有良好的RCS减缩效果。以设计天线为例,分析了超宽带微带天线的散射特性,为超宽带天线雷达截面减缩技术打下了良好的理论和实验基础。     

Radiation from dipoles in a magneto-ionic medium

The radiation from elementary dipoles in a magnetoionic medium and in the presence of a grounded gyroelectric plasma slab has been studied. The problems are formulated by using the Fourier-transform technique. Solutions which are valid everywhere can be expressed only in integral forms. Asymptotic solutions for the far field are obtained by the saddle-point method. In the case of an infinite medium, the far field has been found to be composed of a number of waves propagating in different directions with unequal phase and group velocities. Each component wave has been arranged in the form of a characteristic plane wave pertinent to the medium, its direction of power flow being shown to be radial. In the case of the slab problem, the space wave has been found to be generally elliptically polarized. This is due to the characteristic of a plasma-free space interface which, except for some particular cases, has the property of coupling the two characteristic plane waves in both media. The radiation patterns are markedly influenced by the thickness of the plasma slab and the relative frequenciesomega_{c}/omegaandomega_{p}/omegaof the plasma medium.     

Radiation from a microstrip amplifier

A full-wave method is presented to investigate radiation from a microstrip amplifier. The spectral-domain dyadic Green's function, which takes into account both radiation and surface waves, is used to formulate an integral equation. The method of moments is then employed to find the current densities in microstrips and, subsequently, the scattering parameters of the amplifier. The radiated space and surface waves that are launched from the amplifier can be further expressed in terms of the dyadic Green's function and current densities. To verify the numerical results of scattering parameters and far-field radiation patterns, a UHF-band microstrip amplifier matching with single stubs has been implemented and measured. The comparison between simulation and measurement shows excellent agreement.     

Radiation field of pentagonal microstrip antenna

A pentagonal microstrip antenna is transformed into a circular microstrip antenna by conformal mapping, so that we obtain the formulas of the radiation field and patterns of the pentagonal microstrip antenna, which will be compared with experimental results.     

Radiation from half-wavelength open-circuit microstrip resonators

Calculations are described for the radiation loss of a half-wavelength open-circuit microstrip resonator, and results are given for a range of microstrip effective relative permittivities. Satisfactory correlation with experimental measurements has been obtained, and the method is believed to give a better estimate of radiation loss for this type of resonator than has formerly been available.     

Radiation modes of open microstrip with applications

The well known bound modes of open microstrip do not constitute a complete spectrum, for, continuous radiation and localized (reactive) modes are excited at discontinuities in microstrip circuits and antennas. This part of the spectrum has not been investigated before so that, up to date, radiation problems in microstrip are being investigated by nonmodal methods, such as the moment method. We derive here for the first time the complete spectrum of open microstrip, including one or more bound modes and a continuum, and demonstrate its straightforward application to a practical problem such as the excitation by a cylindrical probe of finite radius. Application of Lorentz's reciprocity principle is now possible in complete analogy to the problem of excitation of a close waveguide by a probe. Mode patterns, the equivalent circuit of a via-hole and its radiation pattern are characterized as a practical application of the foregoing theory     

Radiation characteristics of microstrip arrays with parasitic elements

The radiation characteristics of microstrip antennas consisting of one centre-fed patch and several identical parasitic patches are studied experimentally. The configurations investigated include a five-element cross and three- and seven-element linear arrays. A significant increase in gain is obtained by using close interelement spacing, with no degradation in pattern characteristics.     

Radiation characteristics of wraparound microstrip antenna onspherical body

The radiation characteristics of a wraparound microstrip antenna on a conducting sphere are investigated for different radii, frequencies, permittivities, and thickness of dielectric substrate. The near fields are determined from the magnetic ring currents at the edges of the strip by the use of spherical wave functions. Radiation patterns are obtained from a near-field-to-far-field transformation by the method of spherical wave expansion     

Radiation from picosecond photoconductors in microstrip transmission lines

Signals radiated in the microstrip autocorrelation circuit are investigated using ion-bombarded InP photoconductors. A model and empirical data are presented which suggest that this circuit radiatively couples to itself, giving rise to what appears to be a "slow" signal in the autocorrelation data. It is demonstrated that with a judicious choice of electrode geometry, a subpicosecond signal radiated by the photoconducting gap can be separated from the slower signal radiated by the microstrip electrodes.     

Radiation characteristics of wraparound microstrip antenna on cylindrical body

An analysis of a thin wraparound microstrip antenna is presented. Based on the cavity model and the equivalence principle, formulas for the far zone electric field are obtained by considering the equivalent magnetic current radiation in the presence of a cylindrical surface. The radiation patterns for the TM/sub 01/ mode are in agreement with other results. However, its formula is much more compact than the others. Finally, numerical results are given to illustrate the effect of curvature on the radiation patterns.<>     

Reflection properties of periodic surfaces of loaded dipoles

Two-dimensional periodic arrays of dipoles or slots act as reflecting or transmitting surfaces, respectively, which have bandpass filter characteristics. The resonant frequency and the bandwidth may be controlled by varying the length, spacing, and load impedance of the dipoles (slots). A theoretical and experimental investigation of the scattering by a two-dimensional array of loaded dipoles is described. The scattering through the resonance region shows that a unit reflection coefficient is achieved. The effect of grating-lobe radiation is included. The scattering properties as a function of the angle of incidence are given for both loaded and unloaded dipoles. The loaded dipole array described in this paper produces a narrower bandwidth than the array of unloaded dipoles, and the resonant frequency is much less dependent on the angle of incidence. The resonant frequency of the array as well as the bandwidth depends strongly on the resonant frequency of the dipole element as would be expected; however, it is also substantially influenced by the interelement spacing and the angle of incidence.     

Radiation pattern computation of cavity-backed and probe-fedstacked microstrip patch arrays

In this paper, two different methods based on Floquet's harmonic expansion of the electromagnetic field in half-space are proposed to determine the active element pattern of infinite planar arrays. They allow us to obtain the radiating characteristics without the limitations of the conventional method from the active reflection coefficient. Both are applied to analyze the scan performance in the case of probe-fed and cavity-backed microstrip arrays from its generalized scattering matrix (GSM), computed previously with a full wave numerical procedure. Numerical results are presented and compared with other techniques     

Radiation patterns of dual concentric conductor microstrip antennasfor superficial hyperthermia

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been used to calculate electromagnetic radiation patterns from 915-MHz dual concentric conductor (DCC) microwave antennas that are constructed from thin and flexible printed circuit board (PCB) materials. Radiated field distributions are calculated in homogeneous lossy muscle tissue loads located under variable thickness coupling bolus layers. This effort extends the results of previous investigations to consider more realistic applicator configurations with smaller 2 cm-square apertures and different coupling bolus materials and thicknesses, as well as various spacings of multiple-element arrays. Results are given for practical applicator designs with microstrip feedlines etched on the backside of the PCB antenna array instead of previously tested bulky coaxial-cable feedline connections to each radiating aperture. The results demonstrate that for an optimum coupling bolus thickness of 2.5-5 mm, the thin, flexible, and lightweight DCC antennas produce effective heating to the periphery of each aperture to a depth of approximately 1 cm, and may be combined into arrays for uniform heating of large area superficial tissue regions with the 50% power deposition contour conforming closely to the outer perimeter of the array     

Radiation characteristics and generation of higher-order modes of circular microstrip antennas

The characteristics of higher-order modes of circular micro-strip antennas, such as radiation pattern, directivity, bandwidth, efficiency, and location of the feedpoint to match a 50?line, are studied, and the effects of varying the substrate parameters are investigated. A multifeed technique to generate any particular mode is also presented.     

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas onnormally biased ferrite substrates

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas and arrays printed on ferrite substrates with a normal magnetic bias field are described. The extra degree of freedom offered by the biased ferrite can be used to obtain a number of novel characteristics, including switchable and tunable circularly polarized radiation from a microstrip antenna having a single feed point, dynamic wide-angle impedance matching for phased arrays of microstrip antennas, and a switchable radar cross section reduction technique for microstrip antennas. Results are obtained from full-wave moment method solutions for single microstrip antennas and infinite arrays of microstrip antennas. A cavity model solution for a circular patch antenna on a biased ferrite substrate is also presented, to aid in understanding the operation of these antennas     

Pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters with zero-shifting properties

The paper presents a new design of pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters. These filters employ a coupling scheme which allows shifting of transmission zeros from one side of the passband to the other by only changing the resonant frequencies of the resonators. To demonstrate the performance of these filters, a fourth-order bandpass filter with one transmission zero in the upper stopband is first designed. A second filter with a transmission zero in the lower stopband is then designed by simply adjusting the lengths of the resonators followed by minor optimization to account for the fact that the resonant frequencies can not be changed without slightly affecting the coupling coefficients in the used layout. Measured and simulated results are presented.