几种频率域图像数字水印算法

数字水印是近年来出现的一种新的数字多媒体产品版权保护技术，用于嵌入水印的算法的不同使得该技术的不可见性、鲁棒性等特性大相径庭。对目前用于图像数字水印的几种频率域方法进行了描述，并分别从水印含量，抵抗各种攻击的能力等方面进行了定性和定量的比较，最后总结了每种方法的优缺点。     

基于混沌渐进同步思想的公钥鲁棒性水印算法

文章提出了基于混沌渐进同步思想的公钥鲁棒性数字水印算法。首先对混沌同步思想进行了简单介绍。然后提出了一种基于驱动-响应法混沌同步思想的二进制幅度键控的保密通信方案;利用该方案实现了将版权信息加载到混沌序列;并设计了一种以此序列作为水印信号的水印算法;试验证明算法思想可行。最后文章对算法的优缺点进行了讨论。     

基于字体颜色的文本数字水印算法

根据人眼对蓝色最不敏感的特性,提出了通过修改文本字符的蓝色成分使其嵌入水印信息的一种文本数字水印算法。理论分析及实验结果表明,该算法具有水印容量大、鲁棒性较强的特点,可以弥补当前文本数字水印算法存在的鲁棒性较差、水印容量小的缺点。它在电子文档的版权保护等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

数字水印算法的鲁棒性和不可见性研究

研究用于数字图像版权保护的数字水印算法。由于数字图像的直观可见性,嵌入其中并对其进行版权保护的数字水印需要隐藏在图像内,但传统的数字水印算法不能兼顾实现鲁棒性和不可见性,造成水印的抗攻击能力不强。为了解决上述难题,提出了一种基于邻域均值的水印算法,首先对原数字图像进行多尺度Contourlet域变换,将图像分解为多个子带,便于增强嵌入水印的鲁棒性,然后对水印图像进行Arnold变换并加密,根据邻域均值量化算法选取图像中重要区域嵌入水印,保证嵌入水印的不可见性,最终实现水印的有效嵌入。实验证明,这种方法能够兼顾数字水印的鲁棒性和不可见性,提高了水印的抗攻击能力,取得了满意的结果。     

基于DWT域的半脆弱“鸡尾酒水印”算法

随着数字图像技术和网络的发展,数字图像的盗版现象日益猖獗,于是数字水印技术应运而生。半脆弱水印技术主要是解决图像内容认证的问题,一般的半脆弱水印都具有鲁棒性不足的缺点。提出一种新的半脆弱“鸡尾酒”水印算法进行图像认证。从水印嵌入的调制策略入手,在图像中隐藏两种正向和负向互补的数字水印,使得水印在受到攻击时至少有一种能够存活,以提高半脆弱水印的鲁棒性。实验证明,这种水印算法具有较好的鲁棒性,能够经受各类攻击。     

基于多小波变换的彩色数字水印

随着数字多媒体技术的发展，数字水印技术已经成为数字版权保护领域的一个研究热点．多小波所拥有的对称性、正交性、有限支撑等重要特性弥补了单小波的不足．针对传统数字水印技术的有限性，通过对频域数字水印算法进行分析，提出了一种新的数字水印算法．新算法以提升格式小波变换为基础，对原始图像和水印图像进行提升格式小波变换，将水印信息嵌入到中频系数中．实现了二维彩色图像将为水印信息嵌入到二维图像数据中．实验证明，新算法在对彩色图像进行水印处理方面达到较好的效果，具有较好的健壮性．     

基于DCT的数字水印实用算法研究

作为版权保护的重要手段,数字水印技术已得到了广泛地研究和应用,但实用的图像数字水印技术不多,特别是可抵抗截图的水印算法不多。文章充分考虑到如今JPEG图像使用的广泛,采用DCT域嵌入水印,并进行抵抗截图设计。实验证明该算法对JPEG压缩、截图、高斯噪声等常见图像处理,具有较好的鲁棒性和不可见性。     

基于零树编码的数字水印算法

随着多媒体技术的发展,数字水印技术已经成为数字版权保护领域的一个研究热点。针对传统数字水印技术的有限性,通过对频域数字水印算法进行分析,提出了一种新的数字水印算法。新算法以零树编码思想为基础,对原始图像和水印图像进行小波变换和零树编码嵌入,实现了二维彩色图像将为水印信息嵌入到二维图像数据中。实验证明,新算法在对彩色图像进行水印处理方面达到较好的效果,具有较好的健壮性。     

基于小波变换的彩色图像数字水印算法

研究图形数字水印优化问题,作为一门有效的多媒体版权保护技术受到越来越多的关注.针对版权保护抵抗噪声攻击难点问题,提出了一种将彩色数字水印嵌入到原始彩色数字图像中的算法,它利用人眼视觉系统特性,将经过两级小波变换后的原始图像,根据不同频段对应的加权系数嵌入相应强度的水印,采用含水印图像和原始图像提取出嵌入的水印进行试验,实验结果表明,算法在对常见的图像处理操作攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,且主观视觉失真较小.同时算法还具有较好的不可见性和稳定性,可为设计提供参考.     

一种基于陷门单向函数的图像水印算法

数字水印技术被认为是对数字图像进行版权保护的一种科学而有效的方法。提出了一种基于陷门单向函数的空域水印算法,目的是为图像的版权保护设计一个高度安全的水印系统。实验结果证明该算法对诸如位置攻击、不重要位攻击、多幅图像攻击等具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.