我国成品油价格形成机制改革演变过程、现状及建议

成品油价格形成机制不能仅仅等同于定价机制,定价机制只是价格形成机制的核心,而成品油价格形成机制改革是包括定价机制改革在内的一系列改革措施。我国成品油价格形成机制改革是一个长期过程,1998年以后,国家在成品油价格形成机制改革方面步伐明显加快,每一次重大改革不仅在成品油定价方面做出一定的改革和调整,而且还出台了一系列综合配套措施。现行成品油价格形成机制具有其积极的一面,例如逐步走向市场化,扭转了生产企业在高油价下严重亏损的局面,培育了市场主体,提高了透明度等;当然同时也存在不足之处,如现有定价机制上调和下降的起点不平等,为成品油零售价"易涨难落"创造了条件;带有一定的"时滞性";容易受到国际原油价格的被动影响,不能真实反映国内市场的供需状况;"非成本"因素比重过高等。成品油价格形成机制改革必须坚持市场化原则、竞争性原则、政府适当干预原则、国际化原则、协调性原则和透明化原则。建议国家进一步完善现行成品油价格形成机制,进一步加大公开透明度,逐步打破原油和成品油流通领域的垄断经营格局;建立健全相关法律法规体系和财政、货币、税收政策;加强国际石油市场话语权,规避油价大幅波动带来的风险。     

国务院关于实施成品油价格和税费改革的通知

为建立完善的成品油价格形成机制和规范的交通税费制度,促进节能减排和结构调整,公平负担,依法筹措交通基础设施维护和建设资金,国务院于2008年12月18日发出《关于实施成品油价格和税费改革的通知》（国发[2008]37号）,有关内容如下：     

我国成品油定价机制改革中的若干问题研究

2008年12月18日国务院发布了《关于实施成品油价格和税费改革的通知》,2009年5月8日国家发改委公布了《石油价格管理办法（试行）》,我国成品油定价机制改革向着市场化的道路又迈出了重要一步。这对于完善我国成品油价格的形成机制、合理调节社会供求、维护国内成品油市场稳定运行具有重要意义。但此次改革仅是我国成品油价格渐进式改革中的一步,还存在诸如浮动规则尚未完全明确、价格管制办法有待进一步完善、生产企业成本核算不够健全、生产企业利润调控机制急需改进、成品油税费改革未能与资源环保类税种衔接、消费税征管环节需要调整、成品油批发市场尚未开放、国内石油市场高度垄断格局仍未改变等问题,有待不断改进和完善。在继续完善成品油价格形成机制的同时,改革的关键是要协调好各利益相关者之间的关系,即政府与市场、企业与企业（垄断与竞争）、企业利益与民众利益之间的关系。要推动政府职能由直接制定价格向间接调控转变;国内市场的进一步开放是成品油定价与国际接轨的基石,要打破原有的垄断局面,切实开放成品油批发市场;同时逐步放松对油源的控制。     

国家发展和改革委员会就降低成品油价格发出通知

近日,国家发展和改革委员会就降低成品油价格发出通知。通知指出,根据国务院批准的成品油价格和税费改革方案,综合考虑近一段时间国际市场油价回落、成品油税费改革以及市场供求变化等情况,国家决定自2008年12月19日起实施完善后的成品油价格形成机制,并降低成品油价格。     

国家提高成品油价格

近日,国家发展改革委发出通知,决定自3月25日零时起将汽、柴油价格每吨分别提高290元和180元。     

国家提高成品油价格

近日,国家发展改革委发出通知,决定自5月24日起将汽、柴油和航空煤油价格每吨提高500元.     

当前成品油市场分析

进入3月份,市场对成品油需求开始回升,对成品油价格机制改革和后期价格上涨的预期较大,促使国内油品资源供应趋紧,价格上涨压力较大。当前国际石油产品价格仍在高位振荡。为缓解国内外价差带来的各种矛盾,提高国内成品油价格是最直接有效的办法。但考虑到下游行业的承受能力,尤     

成品油价格和税费改革实施一年成效卓著

<正>2008年12月18日,在改革开放三十周年之际,党中央、国务院审时度势,果断决策,成功出台成品油价格和税费改革方案,配套推出成品油价格、燃油税和交通收费三项重大改革,是我国在新的历史起点上推进经济体制改革采取的一项重大举措。     

国家发展和改革委员会就提高成品油价格发出通知

<正>近日,国家发展和改革委员会发出通知,决定自2009年6月1日零时起将汽、柴油价格每吨均提高400元。自2009年3月25日国内汽、柴油价格上调以来,WTI原油期货价格由每桶53.98美元上涨到66.31美元,国内成品油价格调整参考的国际市场原油价格由每桶45美元左右上涨至目前的57美元左右。     

国家发展改革委有关负责人就调整成品油价格问题答记者问

近日,国家发展改革委发出通知,提高了国内成品油价格.就此,记者采访了国家发展改革委有关负责人.     

Price controls, price dispersion and the supply of refined petroleum products

This paper analyses the petroleum industry price and allocation controls which dominated US energy policy during the 1970s. It is emphasized that since controls on refined products tied maximum prices to costs of production, the market effects of this regulatory system were quite unusual. The paper shows that controls induced firms to price refined products below marginal costs. In addition, the regulations tended to increase the degree of dispersion in prices charged by firms in the industry. Finally, in the context of multiple product analysis, it is shown that the presence of effective ceiling prices for any of the products reduced the prices of all products below marginal costs.     

中国石油储备体系探讨及对策

自1993年我国成为石油净进口国以来,石油供需缺口逐年加大,不断增加石油进口将是大势所趋。目前我国的石油储备能力远远不能适应石油企业和国家应付某些突发事件的需要。通过分析我国石油储备现状及面临的国内外严峻形势的挑战,重点阐述了建立战略石油储备的必要性和紧迫性。因此,应该借鉴美、日等国的石油储备经验,有计划地建立我国的石油储备制度,分步建立和完善符合我国国情的石油储备体系。     

Future demand of petroleum products in India

This paper examines the long-run equilibrium relationship between total petroleum products consumption and economic growth in India for the period 1970–1971 to 2001–2002 using cointegration and error-correction modeling approach. Augmented Dickey–Fuller tests reveal that both the series, after logarithmic transformation, are non-stationary and individually integrated of order one. The empirical results suggest that the series are cointegrated. The ‘long-term demand elasticity for petroleum products’ has been estimated. Furthermore, as a special case, similar sort of exercise between the consumption of middle-distillates and economic growth in India using annual data for the time span 1974–1975 to 2001–2002 has been carried out, which also confirms the existence of cointegration. In-sample forecasts fitted well against actual numbers. Finally, the paper forecasts total petroleum products and middle-distillates demands till 2011–2012 and provide an idea about the investment required in refinery sector in India till 2011–2012.     

上半年石油价格变化分析及下半年预测

受全球经济波动影响,2009年上半年国际油价先跌后涨,与前几年高价相比整体步入下跌阶段。虽然近期有所恢复性上涨,但主要是由于全球流动性充裕,美元贬值和国际石油期货市场的炒作与跟风之情再现,目前国际石油市场处于供求基本平衡甚至供略大于求的局面。下半年随着全球经济逐渐好转,石油需求增加,预计下半年国际石油价格会稳中有升。     

Demand projections of petroleum products and natural gas in India

Indian economy has moved into a dynamic phase. It is necessary to see how energy demand will grow in this phase. In this paper, econometric models are developed for the various petroleum products separately with the aim of capturing variables that are specific to the individual fuel. This study projects the demand of fuels up to 2011–2012, end period for the 11th Five Year Plan, under two scenarios of annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 6% and 8%. The demand of petroleum products for the year 2011–2012 is estimated to be 147 and 162 million tons in the business as usual scenario of 6% and optimistic scenario of 8% GDP growth, respectively. Similarly, the demand of natural gas for the year 2011–2012 has been estimated to be 46 and 49 billion cubic meters for 6% and 8% growth, respectively. The projections suggest the level of preparedness that will be required from the oil and gas sector to enable India achieve the GDP growth target that it aims to.     

The sensitivity of consumption of oil products to price changes : An econometric investigation

This paper presents a small econometric model of the supply and demand of motor spirit, diesel, fuel oil and other gas/diesel oil. By modelling at this level of disaggregation it is possible to identify the dynamic structure of each market and estimate own-price and cross-price elasticities.     

国外绿色电价项目及对我国的启示

绿色电价项目是促进可再生能源发展的一种市场化手段。本文分析了绿色电价项目的内涵及意义,介绍了绿色电价项目在美国的现状、项目类型和价格形式及相关案例,认为开展绿色电价项目是实现低碳经济的有益尝试,但在开展相关项目时需重视价格和市场营销的作用,同时电网企业要积极做好准备工作。     

The tragedy of the commons and energy price depression of China

This article indicates by example about power price of Henan province that the energy resources of Henan province are ＂the commons＂. According to analysis of the game of ＂the tragedy of the commons＂, this article demonstrates that, whether under complete information or not, energy commons are abused. Based upon the situation, the author gives out the strategy to solve ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ of China energy sources.     

石油生产耗能分析软件开发与展望

介绍了石油产耗能分析软件的开发过程。对软件的用途、功能、研制方法、技术核心以及主要特点作了介绍。结合软件的不足之处对该类软件的发展前景作了展望。     

China and the relationship between the oil price and the dollar

We study cointegration and causality between the real price of oil and the real price of the dollar over the 1974–2004 period. Our results suggest that a 10% rise in the oil price coincides with a 4.3% appreciation of the dollar in the long run, and that the causality runs from oil to the dollar. Through the development of a theoretical model, we then investigate possible reasons why this relationship could be reversed in the future due to the emergence of China as a major player on both the oil and the foreign exchange markets.