有机可燃气体爆炸极限的推荐计算方法

提出一种利用氧气系数计算纯净有机可燃气体和由多种有机可燃气体组成的混合气体爆炸极限的计算方法,对目前常用的经验公式进行了整合与修正,简化了对混合气体爆炸极限的计算,也提供了对复杂组成的混合有机可燃气体爆炸极限的快速估算,估算结果与实测值能较好吻合.     

可燃制冷剂爆炸极限及抑制的理论与实验研究

对影响可燃制冷剂爆炸极限的因素进行了讨论分析,指出仅凭测试的爆炸极限来确定可燃工质的爆炸范围是不可靠的,应考虑测试条件和安全系数.用具有阻燃作用的制冷剂与可燃制冷剂组成混合制冷剂抑制可燃制冷剂的可燃性,研制了可燃工质爆炸极限测试装置,对18种抑制后的混合制冷剂爆炸极限进行了实验研究.     

可燃制冷剂爆炸极限及抑制的理论与实验研究

对影响可燃制冷剂爆炸极限的因素进行了讨论分析,指出仅凭测试的爆炸极限来确定可燃工质的爆炸范围是不可靠的,应考虑测试条件和安全系数。用具有阻燃作用的制冷剂与可燃制冷剂组成混合制冷剂抑制可燃制冷剂的可燃性,研制了可燃工质爆炸极限测试装置,对18种抑制后的混合制冷剂爆炸极限进行了实验研究。     

流动态可燃气体爆炸极限的试验研究

利用自行建立的可燃气体动态爆炸特性试验装置,通过试验研究了甲烷、液化石油气(含杂质)和氢气的动态爆炸极限.测试数据表明,甲烷的动态爆炸上限为5.25%,动态爆炸下限为17.05%;液化石油气(含杂质)的动态爆炸上限为2.55%,动态爆炸下限为12.85%;氢气的动态爆炸上限为4.35%,动态爆炸下限为76.05%.通过比较发现这3种可燃气体在动态条件下的爆炸下限值比静态时的爆炸下限高,动态条件下的爆炸上限值比静态时的爆炸上限低,说明动态条件下的爆炸极限范围比静态爆炸极限范围小.     

可燃制冷剂爆炸抑制模拟实验研究

CFC_5(氯氟烃)及HCFC_5(氢氯氟烃)正在逐步淘汰,研究制冷用替代物并安全使用已成为制冷技术发展的重要趋势。文章通过建立可燃制冷剂爆炸极限测试实验台,研究了三种阻燃工质分别与六种可燃制冷剂混合后爆炸极限的变化情况,分析了可燃制冷剂爆炸极限的影响因素,阻燃工质对单一组元可燃工质抑爆程度受阻燃工质自身物化特性、外界环境温度、遇明火火焰能量高低、盛装计量容器外形尺寸等因素的影响。主要探索了不可燃工质对爆炸极限的抑制作用,并通过建立两种临界抑制浓度估算模型,对具有阻燃作用的制冷剂与可燃制冷剂的混合工质进行了深入实验研究。结果表明:HFC类可燃制冷剂加入阻燃工质后爆炸极限范围变化明显,而HC类可燃工质变化不大;计算出不可燃组元混合工质临界抑爆浓度,计算结果与实验结果误差小于10%;研究得到具有理想阻燃作用的哈龙替代物(CF_3I、R134a等),其不同程度的掺混,将使可燃制冷剂失去可燃特性。     

城市燃气爆炸极限计算与分析

对影响城市燃气爆炸极限的因素进行了讨论.指出有关文献上公布的燃气爆炸极限是在一定条件下测定的,空气中含有略超出文献公布爆炸上、下限范围的可燃气体,在一定的条件下也可能产生爆炸.对燃气爆炸极限的计算方法和计算误差进行了分析,指出在使用爆炸极限时应考虑安全系数.同时推荐了在实际工程中可以采用的估算燃气爆炸极限的计算式.     

二元气态烷烃混合物爆炸特性研究

采用HY12474B型可燃气体爆炸极限实验装置,将CH4、C2H6和C3H8按不同组分比两两混合,研究三类二元气态烷烃混合物的爆炸特性。结果表明:在二元气态烷烃混合物的爆炸极限处,火焰传播速度较缓慢,火焰不太明显;二元气态烷烃混合物组分比对爆炸极限影响较大,三种单烷烃对爆炸极限的影响能力依次为CH4C3H8C2H6;当气态烷烃混合物组分比下降时,其爆炸极限范围能缩小3倍以上,而最大爆炸压力峰值逐渐增大。     

城市燃气爆炸极限计算与分析

对影响城市燃气爆炸极限的因素进行了讨论。指出有关文献上公布的燃气爆炸极限是在一定条件下测定的，空气中含有略超出文献公布爆炸上、下限范围的可燃气体，在一定的条件下也可能产生爆炸。对燃气爆炸极限的计算方法和计算误差进行了分析，指出在使用爆炸极限时应考虑安全系数。同时推荐了在实际工程中可以采用的估算燃气爆炸极限的计算式。     

多孔介质对贫燃料燃烧极限的影响

根据多孔介质的对流－辐射能量转换原理，研究多孔介质对贫燃料的可燃极限的影响。实验结果表明，多孔介质的作用可明显地降低燃气的贫可燃极限。     

可燃气体爆炸对刚壁冲击特性的实验研究

为研究可燃气体爆炸对石油化工设施及建筑结构的冲击荷载特性,利用可燃气体爆轰实验装置,通过乙炔/空气混合气体沿管道爆轰产生的冲击波对实验平台刚壁的冲击实验,分别测得壁面超压时程曲线以及刚壁和爆轰管道的振动加速度时程曲线.通过对超压和振动加速度时程曲线的分析,研究可燃气体爆炸对结构的冲击荷载及其引发结构振动响应的规律.实验...     

Effect of CO2 on explosion limits of flammable gases in goafs

In order to reduce the number of accidents due to explosions of flammable gases in the goaf of coalmines,the conditions for explosion of flammable gases and their explosion limits,affected to a considerable extent by COz,are explored.With the use of our experimental equipment suitable for the study of explosion of polybasic explosive gas mixtures,we investigated the effect of CH4/H2=10/1 and CH4/C2H4=10/1 gases mixed with CO2 on their explosion limits.The results indicate that after adding CO2,the explosion limit of the CH4/H2 (or C2H4) = 10/1 gas mixtures decreased markedly with increasing amounts of CO2.When the amount of CO2 exceeded 25%,the CH4/C2H4=10/1 flammable gas mixture did not lead to explosions.Similar results were obtained when the amount of CO2 exceeded 23% in the CH4/H2=10/1 flammable gas mixture.We also compared the explosion limits and the explosion suppression effect of N2 or CO2 on the explosion limits of the CH4+CO and CH4+C2H4 dual explosive gas mixtures.Along with the increases in the amounts of CO2 or N2,the area of the explosion limits of gas mixtures decreased.Under the same conditions,the explosion suppression effect of CO2 was greater than that of N2.CO2 has clearly the better suppression effect on the explosion of flammable gases in goafs.     

Explosion limits for combustible gases

Combustible gases in coal mines are composed of methane, hydrogen, some multi-carbon alkane gases and other gases. Based on a numerical calculation, the explosion limits of combustible gases were studied, showing that these limits are related to the concentrations of different components in the mixture. With an increase of C4H10 and C6H14, the Lower ExplosionLimit (LEL) and Upper Explosion-Limit (UEL) of a combustible gas mixture will decrease clearly. For every 0.1% increase in C4H10 and C6H14, the LEL decreases by about 0.19% and the UEL by about 0.3%. The results also prove that, by increasing the amount of H2, the UEL of a combustible gas mixture will increase considerably. If the level of H2 increases by 0.1%, the UEL will increase by about 0.3%. However, H2 has only a small effect on the LEL of the combustible gas mixture. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for judging the explosion risk of an explosive gas mixture in mines.     

Explosive limits of mixed gases containing CH4, CO and C2H4 in the goaf area

The explosive gases CO and C2H4, released mainly flammable gases during the process of coal self-ignition, are of the most important ingredients of the multi-component gases in goaf areas, along with CH4. We have determined some of the parameters of explosive properties of the one-component gases CH4, CO and C2H4 using an explosive trial device of polybasic explosive gas mixtures and emphasized particularly the effect on the limits of explosive concentration of the binary explosive mixed gases CH4+CO, CH4+C2H4, as a function of the amount of CO, C2H4 and inert flame resisting gases (N2, CO2). The experimental results show that the effect of inert gases on the explosive limits of mixed gases, given the property of explosive gas, is obvious: the inert gases (N2, CO2) possess some inhibitory effects on the explosion of the multi-component explosive gas mixtures. The results will provide some experimental support to suppress the occurrence of the gas explosions in goaf areas and provide some directions for designing explosion-proof electric equipment and fire arresters.     

烷烃气体对甲烷爆炸下限影响的实验研究

为确定烷烃类混合气体中甲烷的爆炸极限,设计了混合气体爆炸实验系统.在实验系统中,采用高精度计算机配气系统配气,其所得到的混合气体含量误差小于1%,从而使气体爆炸下限更加精确.运用该实验系统研究了丙烷、异丁烷混合气体对甲烷爆炸下限的影响.实验结果表明：当混有丙烷的体积分数达到0.60%时,甲烷的爆炸下限可以降到1.35%;当异丁烷的体积分数约为0.30%时,甲烷的爆炸下限可降到1.80%.研究结果对煤矿瓦斯监测的可靠预警具有重要意义.     

Effect of CO_2 on explosion limits of flammable gases in goafs

In order to reduce the number of accidents due to explosions of flammable gases in the goaf of coalmines,the conditions for explosion of flammable gases and their explosion limits,affected to a considerable extent by CO2,are explored.With the use of our experimental equipment suitable for the study of explosion of polybasic explosive gas mixtures,we investigated the effect of CH4/H2=10/1 and CH4/C2H4=10/1 gases mixed with CO2 on their explosion limits.The results indicate that after adding CO2,the explosion limit of the CH4/H2(or C2H4) =10/1 gas mixtures decreased markedly with increasing amounts of CO2.When the amount of CO2 exceeded 25%,the CH4/C2H4=10/1 flammable gas mixture did not lead to explosions.Similar results were obtained when the amount of CO2 exceeded 23% in the CH4/H2=10/1 flammable gas mixture.We also compared the explosion limits and the explosion suppression effect of N2 or CO2 on the explosion limits of the CH4+CO and CH4+C2H4 dual explosive gas mixtures.Along with the increases in the amounts of CO2 or N2,the area of the explosion limits of gas mixtures decreased.Under the same conditions,the explosion suppression effect of CO2 was greater than that of N2.CO2 has clearly the better suppression effect on the explosion of flammable gases in goafs.     

管道条件下超细煤粉尘的爆炸特性研究

研究了4种不同粒径的超细煤粉尘在管道条件下的爆炸过程和爆炸特性.研究了超细煤粉尘爆炸前后工业成分及物理状态的变化;研究了煤粉尘的浓度和粒径对超细煤粉尘在管道条件下的最大爆炸压力及最大爆炸压力上升速率的影响规律.研究表明,随着煤粉尘粒径的减小,爆炸后产生的灰分减少,而最大爆炸压力越大,最大爆炸压力上升速率也越大.     

半封闭受限空间煤尘与瓦斯耦合爆炸研究

煤尘参与的瓦斯爆炸事故具有很强的破坏性和伤害性,是煤矿的重大事故之一.用一端开口的半封闭管道爆炸实验装置,通过改变瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸浓度及点火条件,揭示受限空间瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸的规律.实验结果表明,封闭下的耦合体爆炸火焰传播速度较开口状态达到极值快,但极值点距点火位置较近,开口爆炸火焰传播距离是积聚耦合体长度的2倍左右;瓦斯参与的煤尘爆炸,爆炸相对强度随瓦斯浓度的增加而增加,传播距离更远;理论推导瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸超压传播距离与爆炸能量的平方根成正比,与巷道断面积的平方根成反比,研究结果为防治瓦斯爆炸、事故勘验以及阻隔爆装置的研制提供了可靠的实验数据.     

煤粉—惰性介质混合体系爆炸特性实验研究

为深入认识煤粉—惰性介质混合体系爆炸行为,在Siwek 20 L球形爆炸测试系统内研究了煤粉—惰性介质混合体系的爆炸威力(最大爆炸压力、最大升压速率、燃烧持续时间)、敏感度(爆炸上、下限)和惰性介质的抑爆效力,并重点考察了点火能量、煤粉热值、惰性介质组分、煤粉浓度、煤/惰性介质混合比等因素的影响。结果表明,添加惰性介质能显著降低煤粉爆炸威力,其抑爆效力随点火能量增加而下降,并由此建议采用5～10 kJ点火能量考察惰化效应;煤粉热值增加可显著提高混合体系的爆炸威力;就惰化效应而言,湿分的抑爆效力优于磷酸二氢铵和碳酸钙,而磷酸二氢铵的抑爆效力又优于碳酸钙,其中煤粉完全惰化所需惰化剂量与煤尘浓度密切相关,在200～400 g/m3处有最大值,为"最危险浓度";增加惰性介质添加量可降低爆炸上限,提高爆炸下限,有效压缩煤粉尘可爆浓度范围。研究结果对深入理解粉尘爆炸规律、优化惰化标准,完善测试方法有参考价值。     

煤与瓦斯突出的压力容器物理爆炸假说

根据掘进工作面前方支承压力分布特征,建立了掘进工作面前方煤体的压力容器模型．通过分析认为,该模型满足压力容器爆炸的2个条件：气体迅速膨胀和容器壁脆性断裂．进而,基于压力容器发生物理爆炸前的孕育、爆炸后的能量及破坏能力,解释了煤与瓦斯突出的预兆、基本特点和一般规律,并分析了石门自行突出等问题的原因．最后,基于压力容器物理爆炸条件,给出了煤与瓦斯突出的预测指标和防突施工的努力方向,并对已有防突措施进行分析和评价．煤与瓦斯突出的压力容器物理爆炸假说的提出,对揭示煤与瓦斯突出机理具有重要意义．     

显像管金属体与玻壳封接炸裂力学模型计算

本文对显像管金属体与玻壳封接紧固圆孔边含对称裂纹在排气过程中的受力进行了分析,得出裂纹缺陷结构的炸裂力学模型。用该炸裂力学模型对57cm彩色显像管在排气过程中销钉、阳极帽与玻壳封接的玻壳表面和玻壳厚度中心进行了断裂计算,确定了升温和降温时炸裂与不炸裂的部位及影响炸裂的载荷性质,为研究显像管玻壳炸裂提供了理论依据。