循环泵法兰螺栓断裂分析

通过金相检验、断口分析和化学成分分析等方法对循环泵法兰螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓早期断裂失效的主要原因是材料使用有误,加上受海水中的氯离子腐蚀引起奥氏体不锈钢螺栓产生应力腐蚀裂纹并扩展所致。     

不锈钢U形螺栓的断裂原因

某S30408不锈钢U形螺栓使用约0.5 a(年)后就发生了断裂。通过化学成分分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验、金相检验、非金属夹杂物测试、断口分析及能谱测试等方法对该U形螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该S30408不锈钢U形螺栓在冷加工硬化时产生了残余应力,后又叠加了工作应力,再加上在潮湿的腐蚀环境下工作,螺栓发生了应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹不断扩展最终导致该U形螺栓断裂。     

快卸卡箍螺栓断裂原因分析

通过断口形貌观察、X射线能谱分析、金相检验和硬度检测等试验方法,对某燃油供油导管快卸卡箍螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析,并与螺栓冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口进行了比较分析。结果表明:该快卸卡箍螺栓断口特征与冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口明显不同,其断裂性质为应力腐蚀断裂,裂纹起源于螺栓光杆段的侧表面;螺栓表面加工粗糙且没有防护对裂纹的萌生有一定的影响。对螺栓表面进行防腐处理可有效避免该类故障的再次发生。     

螺栓断裂原因与抽检结果分析

采用断口宏观形貌观察、化学成分分析、显微组织检验、力学性能测试及腐蚀产物的X射线衍射分析等手段，对断裂与部分抽检的卡瓦螺栓进行了综合试验分析。结果表明，断裂螺栓为应力腐蚀断裂。而从抽检的螺栓中发现，有的化学成分不符合要求，有的热处理工艺不合理，有的存在表面淬火裂纹等，螺栓质量的不合格率约10％。在质量分析的基础上，提出相应的改进措施。     

换热器紧固螺栓的应力腐蚀断裂分析

紧固螺栓服役2年后发生成批断裂.采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验和扫描电镜与能谱分析等方法对失效螺栓进行了分析.结果表明,由于紧固螺栓长期浸在含有H2S介质的油料中,并在所承受的各种应力下又与腐蚀环境相互作用便产生了应力腐蚀,加上螺栓材质选用不当和硬度、显微组织不合理等其他因素,最终导致螺栓断裂.     

汽车螺栓断裂失效分析

对汽车上某一连接发动机和车身的高强度级别螺栓在使用过程中发生的断裂进行了分析.结果表明,螺栓的化学成分和金相组织均正常,其断裂为多源疲劳断裂.经对螺栓使用过程中的受力情况分析,认为螺栓断裂主要是由于该螺栓在安装时预紧力不足或汽车在运行过程中,发动机自身振动和汽车行进中颠簸而使螺栓产生了松动,从而受到交变载荷而在应力集中最为严重的螺纹根部发生疲劳断裂.     

轮胎螺栓断裂失效分析

某汽车轮胎螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂。采用宏、微观检验和化学成分分析等方法对失效件进行了检测。结果表明，其断裂形式为弯曲疲劳断裂。疲劳裂纹的形成是由于螺纹牙底存在脱碳和折叠裂纹等缺陷，这些缺陷的存在使该材料产生了较大的应力集中，从而导致螺栓开裂失效。     

储气塔阀门紧固螺栓的断裂分析

储气塔运行半年即发生了阀门紧固螺栓的断裂事故。采用化学成分分析、硬度测定、金相检验以及断口的宏、微分析等方法,对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,由于塔内腐蚀性介质的微量渗出,导致了阀门紧固螺栓的应力腐蚀断裂。     

飞机螺栓断裂原因分析

某飞机升降舵调整片电动机构固定螺栓,材料为30CrMnSiA,在使用约180小时左右,发生断裂。采用化学成分分析、硬度检测及断口分析等方法对该螺栓的断裂性质及原因进行了分析。结果表明,该螺栓碳含量偏高,导致该螺栓脆性增大并最终在应力集中处产生脆性双侧解理疲劳断裂。     

20MnTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析

应用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜、显微硬度仪和电子探针X射线显微分析仪,对发射架20MnTiB高强度螺栓断裂件的金相组织、显微硬度、断口微观形貌和合金元素分布状态进行了分析。结果表明,断裂螺栓金相组织正常,力学性能符合技术要求;螺栓断裂失效是由于在螺栓根部存在因加工不当产生的初始裂纹,在初始裂纹尖端的应力集中和露天使用环境中水介质的共同作用下,螺栓发生应力腐蚀开裂。应力腐蚀开裂的方式是阳极溶解型。     

三相分离器失效分析研究

分析了三相分离器失效的原因，认为造成该分离器失效的主要原因为沟状腐蚀。阐述了沟状腐蚀发生的原因及过程，最后提出了防止该类分离器失效的措施及方法。     

泵体端盖螺栓失效分析

以某企业HWD100-400燃料油泵端盖的紧固螺栓为研究对象,介绍了紧固螺栓的服役条件及常见失效形式,并通过宏观形貌分析、化学成分测试、金相组织分析、硬度测试分析等分析方法,分析了该紧固螺栓断裂的原因。结果表明,紧固螺栓在安装时预紧力过大,而产生的应力集中造成该紧固螺栓失效。     

Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Galvanic Corrosion of Internal Bolts from a Multistage Water Injection Pump

Nineteen out of 26 bolts (studs) used for assembly of multistage water pump showed severe corrosion and cracking after brief service in a severe working environment that contained saline water, CO₂, and H₂S. The failed bolts and intact nuts were supposed to be made out of a special type of austenitic stainless steel as per ASTM A 193 B8S and ASTM A 194, respectively. However, the investigation showed that bolts and nuts are made from two different alloys: an austenitic stainless steel and a nickel-base alloy. The difference in the corrosion resistance of these two alloys led to severe galvanic corrosion. The galvanic coupling between bolts and nuts in addition to the severe working environment played major role in the premature failure of bolts. The mechanisms of bolt failure were galvanic corrosion for bolts that were in direct contact with the environment and stress-corrosion cracking in the bolts remote from the severe environment. The stress-corrosion cracking was influenced by a bad fit between the bolts and nuts threads. This resulted in a crevice and the development of an aggressive chemistry between the engaged bolt/nut threads. All factors required to cause stress-corrosion cracking were available, namely, stressed bolts (bolts under tensile stress), temperatures above 60 °C, and chloride ions.     

16Co14Ni10Cr2MoE钢制M56螺栓的可靠性分析

通过试验和有限元模拟分析了螺栓在使用过程中的安全可靠性,结果表明16Co14Ni10Cr2MoE钢制M56螺栓是安全可靠的。     

水翼船大王柱断裂原因分析

对水翼船断裂的大王柱进行了化学成分、力学性能、断口等分析,并结合其使用环境、受力情况及工作状况进行研究。结果表明,大王柱的断裂是由于采用低强度材料进行表面补焊所致,其不合理的尖角设计以及表面加工粗糙也是造成其断裂的原因。     

Analysis on the Rupture Failure of Railway Cross Rails

In this paper the failure of two railway cross rails that ruptured during a simulation test under alternating load was investigated. The railway cross rails were made of alloy steel. Visual inspection found that the macrofracture surfaces of the ruptured rails were very flat without macroscopic plastic deformation, and there were conchoidal structures on the fractures that were covered with corrosion products. These are the typical macrofracture characteristics of corrosion fatigue cracking. Tensile and impact tests showed that the mechanical properties of the steel plates met the proper specifications. Optical microscopy found the microstructure of the steel also qualified. Macrofracture analysis revealed that the two ruptures originated at the transitional line from flat plane to camber area on the outer surface of the steel plates. Microfracture observations showed that there were some machining notches near the rupture origins. It was concluded that there was localized stress concentration near the transitional line that was caused by machining notches or the transition structure from the flat plane to camber or by both. The localized stress concentration induced the initiation of a fatigue crack under alternating load, which propagated by corrosion fatigue under alternating load in a humid atmosphere.     

Failure of a 17-4 PH stainless steel sailboat propeller shaft

In this study, a 17-4 PH precipitation hardening stainless steel propeller shaft failed in use when installed in a sailboat working in a marine environment. Failure analysis was conducted on the propeller shaft. Results indicate that the failure was caused by the fracture of the propeller shaft by torsional fatigue and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). SCC progressed transgranulary in the martensitic matrix.     

胶接绝缘钢轨用10.9级高强度螺栓断裂分析

某客运专线道岔胶接绝缘钢轨用高强度螺栓在安装使用1a(年)后出现少量断裂失效。采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验以及扫描电镜断口分析等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该高强度螺栓断裂主要是由第一类回火脆性引起的,而淬火时形成的少量上贝氏体加速了螺栓的断裂。最后提出了改进措施。     

高强度铝合金的氢脆

氢脆是高强度铝合金在腐蚀环境中应用遇到的突出问题。本文简要介绍了高强度铝合金中的氢脆现象，氢脆特点，影响氢脆敏感性的因素以及氢脆理论等，并对这一研究领域的未来进行了展望。