黑甜玉米酸奶的工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的黑甜玉米酸奶的加工工艺进行了初步探讨.实验结果表明以黑甜玉米、牛乳为原料,按照黑甜玉米浆牛乳=12的配比,将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以11混合作为发酵剂进行发酵,采用接种量3%,加蔗糖量10%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间5h等工艺条件,可得到品质风味优良的黑甜玉米酸奶.     

黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋的研制

对营养型黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋进行了配方设计研究,用黑甜玉米油代替脂肪,用黑甜玉米酸奶强化营养,研制出一种新型保健冰淇淋。并通过一系列正交试验确定冰淇淋复合稳定剂的最佳配比和黑甜玉米酸奶冰淇淋的最佳配方,即瓜胶:耐酸CMC-Na:黄原胶:单甘酯为=2:1:1:2,黑甜玉米发酵乳40%,复合乳化稳定剂0.5%,全脂乳粉为12%,黑甜玉米油2%,白砂糖15%。按此工艺生产的冰淇淋不仅具有紧密的外观,而且具有光滑细腻的组织结构和醇厚持久的风味,同时提高了冰淇淋的营养价值。     

玉米花粉保健酸奶的研制

以玉米花粉和鲜牛奶为原料,研制出营养全面、具有玉米花粉风味和乳香的保健型酸奶.对玉米花粉酸奶的配方和加工工艺进行了研究,得出最佳工艺条件为：鲜牛奶与花粉乳的比例为6：1,接种量4%,发酵时间6h,加糖量8%.     

藜麦酸奶的制备工艺研究

以藜麦膨化粉和纯牛奶为主要原料,对藜麦酸奶的制备工艺进行研究。采用星点设计、响应面模拟试验,得出最佳制备工艺为:接种量3%,发酵时间3.7 h,发酵温度40℃。以最佳工艺生产的藜麦酸奶色微黄偏白,具有藜麦清香样香味,组织状态等俱佳。     

特制玉米粉酸奶的加工初探

以特制 (膨化 )玉米粉 (普通玉米、糯玉米 )和鲜牛乳为主要原料 ,并就玉米粉的添加量、发酵条件等加工工艺进行了初步探讨 ,设计出具有浓郁玉米香味的发酵酸奶 ,开发了风味独特、口感新颖、营养丰富的酸奶新产品。     

黑甜玉米营养早餐食品的工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的黑甜玉米片的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。黑甜玉米粒经去皮脱胚、磨粉调配、挤压膨化、成型冷却后制得黑甜玉米片。以黑甜玉米粉用量为100％计，其它原料用量为，水30％、黑麦而粉30％、黄玉米粉10％、马铃薯淀粉7％及甘薯淀粉4％。挤压膨化时，螺杆转速为100r／min，膨化机三段加热温度分别为80、130和170℃，膨化前后产品的含水率分别为15％和8％。     

膨化谷物粉在酸奶中的应用研究

目的：研究膨化谷物粉在酸奶工艺中的应用；方法：对工艺中影响膨化谷物粉在酸奶中应用的主要因素膨化粉的水溶性指数、吸水性指数、冲调性、糊化度进行探讨，并用正交试验确定了适合于酸奶工艺中膨化粉的最佳工艺参数和产品改良剂的配比；结果：挤压膨化谷物最佳工艺参数为：物料加水量3％、进料量50kg／h、螺杆转速800r／min、模头温度180℃：品质改良剂最佳配比为：大豆磷脂0．8％，单甘酯0．7％、蔗糖酯0．3％。     

黑甜玉米片发酵乳的研制

对具有营养保健功能的黑甜玉米片发酵乳的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明:以黑甜玉米粒为原料,经过系列加工及强化后制得营养丰富的黑甜玉米片;按照黑甜玉米片浆:牛乳=1:3的配比,将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以1:1混合作为发酵剂进行发酵,采用接种量3%,加蔗糖量8%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间6h等工艺条件,可得到品质优良、风味独特的黑甜玉米片发酵乳。     

特制玉米粉酸奶的加工初探

以特制(膨化)玉米粉(普通玉米、糯玉米)和鲜牛乳为主要原料，并就玉米粉的添加量、发酵条件等加工工艺进行了初步探讨，设计出具有浓郁玉米香味的发酵酸奶。开发了风味独特、口感新颖、营养丰富的酸奶新产品。     

基于BP神经网络的木糖醇红枣酸奶工艺参数的优化

以木糖醇、发酵枣粉与乳粉混合进行发酵制成木糖醇红枣酸奶,并通过单因素试验设计和正交试验设计对其工艺进行优化,优选出最佳工艺参数。最佳工艺条件为:当发酵枣粉添加量为1%,木糖醇添加量为8%,复合稳定剂添加量为0.4%,发酵剂添加量1%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间8h。并以正交试验为基础建立了BP人工神经网络模型,该神经网络模型优化结果为:当发酵枣粉添加量为1%,木糖醇添加量为8%,复合稳定剂添加量为0.35%,发酵剂添加量1%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间8h,优于正交试验设计的最佳工艺条件组合,主要是考虑了因素与因素之间的交互作用。在酸奶发酵过程中,发酵枣粉能在一定程度上缓解冷藏期间因酸度过高而对有益菌的抑制作用,从而使酸奶口感细腻,并且具有独特的红枣风味。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the