具有负温度系数效应的导电硬质聚氨酯泡沫

采用高能球磨分散方法制备了稳定的聚合物多元醇/碳纳米管分散液,并通过原位聚合制备了导电聚氨酯（PU）/碳纳米管（CNTs）硬质泡沫复合材料。采用扫描电镜（SEM）表征了泡沫复合材料的结构,研究了CNTs含量对泡沫材料导电性的影响以及泡沫材料的负温度系数（NTC）效应,通过压缩测试考察了泡沫材料的力学性能。结果表明,CN...     

CNTs/PBO复合材料的合成及性能

利用原位液晶聚合制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)/PBO复合材料,并利用取样对比分析、热重分析和纤维的强力测定对原位液晶聚合及材料的耐热和拉伸性能进行了研究。与同等条件下PBO控制聚合取样对比分析表明:碳纳米管表面活性基团会影响聚合,减少碳纳米管的加入量或推迟其加入的时间可以改善CNTs/PBO原位聚合状况。研究表明:CNTs/PBO复合材料保持了PBO的优异耐高温性能。纤维拉伸性能与同条件下PBO纤维相比提高40％~70％。      

羰基铁粉/硅橡胶磁性复合软材料的制备及力学性能研究

在无外磁场条件下以硅橡胶为基体,夹杂不同体积分数的微米级磁性羰基铁粉颗粒,经过室温硫化等过程,制备了羰基铁粉/硅橡胶磁性复合薄片材料,并对其在无外磁场以及磁场加载下开展了拉伸力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明,外加磁场增强了该类磁性复合软材料的力学性能;其拉伸强度、拉伸模量随夹杂体积分数的增大显著增强,断裂伸长率随羰基铁粉颗粒夹杂体积分数的增加出现先增大后减小的特征与趋势。通过对无外场与磁场下磁性颗粒复合软材料的实验测试与对比分析发现,羰基铁粉/硅橡胶磁性复合软材料的力学行为仍表现为与单一高分子聚合物基体材料类似的超弹性行为,含有较少参数的修正Mooney-Rivlin超弹性模型能够较好地描述其应力-应变关系,为该类磁性智能复合软材料的工程应用、力学性能与行为表征研究提供了可能的便捷分析途径与方法。     

含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的制备及其微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法,以二茂铁为催化剂,噻吩为助催化剂,苯为碳源通过催化裂解反应制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径为20-50nm,内径10-30nm,长度50-1000μm.分别以碳纳米管、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管与羰基铁粉的混合物为吸收剂制备了微波吸收材料,研究了上述三种微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸波性能,与纯碳纳米管和纯羰基铁粉微波吸收材料相比, 碳纳米管与羰基铁粉复合微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸收峰明显向低频移动.在含碳纳米管的微波吸收材料中,碳纳米管作为偶极子在交变电场的作用下,产生极化电流,电磁波的能量转换为其他形式的能量,瑞利散射效应和界面极化也是含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的主要吸波机理.     

一步法制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合泡沫材料及其性能

采用球磨法将碳纳米管分散到聚醚三元醇中,以水为发泡剂,采用一步法原位聚合制备了聚氨酯(PU)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合泡沫材料,研究了发泡剂水的添加量和碳纳米管的含量对复合材料密度和性能的影响.结果表明,随水添加量的增加,泡沫材料的密度、压缩模量、拉伸模量以及断裂伸长率呈下降的趋势;碳纳米管的加入大幅度提高了材料的压缩...     

碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈基复合材料的热导率研究

采用原位聚合法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈(CNT/PAN)复合材料,用MDSC的测试方法研究了复合材料的热性能,并由此推导了复合材料的热导率.应用Cheng-Vachon、Nielsen-Lewis和Okamoto-Ishida 3种导热理论模型对CNT/PAN复合材料的热导率进行估算.对比实验测试与导热理论模型的计算结果,考虑到碳纳米管在聚合物基体中的分散和取向情况,得出Nielsen-Lewis理论在低填充含量及室温条件下可以较准确地估算无规分散的CNT/PAN复合材料体系的热导率.     

碳纳米材料的界面性能对环氧树脂复合材料固化行为的影响探究

采用原位聚合的方法制备碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料,透射电镜表征了该杂化材料的三维结构。通过碳纳米材料在乙醇溶液中的分散性实验,研究碳纳米材料与有机溶剂之间的界面性能。接着,按照0.3%(质量分数)的比例将碳纳米管、石墨烯以及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料分别分散在环氧树脂中,通过DSC测试,分析杂化材料对环氧树脂固化行为的影响。结果表明:碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料在乙醇溶液中分散最稳定,同时杂化材料这种良好的分散性使其与树脂基体结合更为紧密,在树脂的固化过程中起到较好的促进作用。     

气相原位聚合制备碳纳米管/乙丙橡胶复合材料及其性能表征

以碳纳米管为防黏助剂,通过气相原位聚合制备了乙丙橡胶复合材料。加入适量的碳纳米管可以防止聚合过程中由于温度升高导致的橡胶颗粒软化粘结问题,且碳纳米管的加入对乙丙橡胶的熔融温度和热解温度没有影响;与导电炭黑相比,碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合材料的导电性能和拉伸强度;通过气相原位聚合制备的复合材料,碳纳米管在乙丙橡胶中的分散良好,其导电性能优于机械共混法制备的碳纳米管-橡胶复合材料。     

MWNTs/PBO共混纤维的制备及性能

通过原位分散方法将不同含量的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）引入聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑（PBO）聚合体系,共混产物采用液晶纺丝法纺制成高性能MWNTs/PBO纤维。用偏光显微镜观察了MWNTs的分散状况,发现将MWNTs先预分散在多聚磷酸（PPA）中再添加可以有效地改善其分散性,热失重分析仪、强力仪研究了纤维的热稳定性能和力学性能。结果表明,MWNTs质量分数为2%的共混纤维的拉伸强度和模量分别达到4.69 GPa和128.8 GPa,比相同卷绕速度下PBO纤维提高了24.2%和23.5%,起始热分解温度也从668.9℃提高到700.8℃。MWNTs的质量分数达到5%时由于团聚严重,降低了PBO的可纺性,影响了纤维的性能。      

羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚苯胺复合吸波剂的制备与性能

以苯胺(ANI)、羰基铁粉(CIP)和甲基丙烯酸甲脂(MMA)等为原料,采用化学氧化法和原位复合技术制备了掺杂态聚苯胺(PANI)、羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(CIP/PMMA)和羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂/聚苯胺(CIP/PMMA/PANI)吸波剂,用XRD、SEM、TEM表征了吸波剂的结构与形貌,通过矢量网络分析仪测定吸波剂的电磁参数表明CIP/PMMA/PANI复合吸波剂既有电损耗又有磁损耗。在2～18 GHz频段内,材料厚度为1.0 mm时,计算出其最小反射率达-11.26 dB,反射率小于-10 dB的带宽为9.2 GHz、小于-8 dB的带宽达14 GHz,计算结果表明该复合吸波剂具有良好的宽频吸波性能。      

Synergistic electro-co-deposition and molecular mixing for reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotube in copper

Carbon nanotube-reinforced copper composite powder was prepared by a modified electro-co-deposition method that was carried out on small diameter (3 mm) tip of the cathode. The deposition was done at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Samples were prepared under constant stirring by a magnetic stirrer. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirms the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the copper matrix. Dispersion of MWCNTs in copper matrix by this method is very easy and the set up can be easily scaled up for the bulk production of MWCNT reinforced copper powder. The method for the fabrication of MWCNT reinforced copper powder; microstructure and morphology of the powder formed are reported.     

导电聚苯胺/ 羰基铁粉复合吸波材料

借助导电聚合物和软磁金属良好的电磁波吸收特性, 制备了导电聚苯胺/ 羰基铁粉复合材料。实验中把导电聚苯胺与羰基铁粉以2∶8 的比例制成复合粉, 然后再将复合粉与聚脲粘和剂以2∶8 的比例混合成吸波涂料。检测结果显示, 当聚苯胺电导率为10 -2 S/ cm、羰基铁粉平均颗粒尺寸为1～2μm, 在2～12 GHz 的频段范围可获得优于- 10 dB 的吸波性能。分析表明, 这类材料有望发展成宽频、强吸收、可人为设计特殊频段的优良吸波材料。     

碳纤维/羰基铁粉复合涂层吸波效果及机理分析

在碳纤维表面化学镀镍,再将其与羰基铁粉混合制备成吸波涂层,对其吸波性能进行了测试.结果表明:在2～18 GHz内,碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层,最大吸收峰在5.92 GHz,此时反射率为-8.89 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为9.50 GHz;单层羰基铁粉涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰为7.94 GHz,对应的反射率为-10.36 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为6.90 GHz;碳纤维与羰基铁粉混合后,涂层反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽增大,有利于吸收雷达波.最后,对碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层的吸波机理进行了初步分析.     

Influence of shape and size on the alignment of multi-wall carbon nanotubes under magnetic fields

The influence of the shape and size of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the alignment of multi-wall CNTs was investigated. A CNT suspension with polyethylenimine (PEI) added as a dispersant showed stable dispersion. Stable CNT dispersion had a relatively high zeta potential value compared with poor dispersion. In addition, a strong magnetic field of 12 T was applied to the CNT suspension to investigate the alignment behavior of the CNTs. Good alignment of the CNTs according to the direction of the magnetic field was obtained. The degree of alignment depended on the shape and size of the CNTs, with the thick, straight CNTs showing better alignment than the thin, curved CNTs.     

Formation of stainless steel–carbon nanotube composites using a scalable chemical vapor infiltration process

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the strongest materials known, making their use in composites, a field with very high commercial potential for structural applications. Many of the methods reported to date to form metal composites have an excessive number of steps. Here, a facile chemical vapor deposition method to infiltrate multiwalled carbon nanotubes directly into pure stainless steel pellets and pellets from stainless steel mixed with iron particles is reported. The iron powder was dry-coated before vapor filtration with nanosized iron oxide catalyst precursor, a critical step to increase catalytic activity. This CVD method results in a substantial increase in the elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness by 47, 104, and over 93 %, respectively, for composites made from mixed, dry-coated particles compared with corresponding control samples without nanotubes. This is the highest enhancement reported, to the best of our knowledge, of the mechanical properties for a metal–nanotube composite prepared using a metal other than copper. The addition of CNTs results in a relatively small increase in corrosion rate which can be mitigated to negligible levels by coating with a thin epoxy–carbon nanotube composite.     

A carbonyl iron/carbon fiber material for electromagnetic wave absorption

A carbonyl iron/carbon fiber material consisting of carbon fibers grown on micrometer-sized carbonyl iron sphere, was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of C2H2 and H2. The hollow-core carbon fibers (outer diameter: 140 nm and inner diameter: 40 nm) were composed of well-ordered graphene layers which were almost parallel to the long axis of the fibers. A composite (2 mm thick) consisting of the carbonyl iron/carbon fibers and epoxy resin demonstrated excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. Minimum reflection losses of -36 dB (99.95% of EM wave absorption) at 7.6 GHz and -32 dB (99.92% of EM wave absorption) at 34.1 GHz were achieved. The well-dispersed and network-like carbon fibers in the resin matrix affected the dielectric loss of the EM wave while the carbonyl iron affected the magnetic loss.     

可降解包装材料中ATBC的迁移规律

目的 研究基于PLA/PBAT可生物降解食品保鲜袋中成分的测定,以及其中增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)的迁移规律.方法 采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测材料中的成分及向食品模拟物中的迁移情况,并以此为基础,研究不同温度、不同厚度、不同时间、不同模拟物对ATBC迁移规律的影响;并采用红外光谱和扫描电镜从微观分析薄膜浸泡前后的变化.结果 在温度和厚度相同的条件下,ATBC在体积分数为95％的乙醇中迁移量最大;在同一种食品模拟物中,温度越高、时间越长,ATBC的迁移量越大;在温度和食品模拟物保持相同的条件下,厚度越小,ATBC的迁移量越大.结论 食品模拟物的性质、温度、厚度和时间都是影响ATBC迁移行为的重要因素.     

Coating and filling of carbon nanotubes with homogeneous magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were obtained by decoration of metal oxide nanoparticles on or in carbon nanotubes. The method involved the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)₅ followed by vacuum thermolysis and subsequent oxidation. The magnetic iron oxide particle deposition was always homogeneous and could be controlled selectively on the outer, inner, or both surfaces of MWCNTs by using different MWCNTs. Since the hollow channels remained intact, these MWCNT based composites could find special applications in cellular delivery systems.