大分子链转移剂活性对聚合物分散液晶电光性能的影响

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)、引发转移终止(Iniferter)、反向原子转移自由基聚合(RATRP)等活性自由基聚合方法,合成了分子量相近而带有不同端基的大分子链转移剂。通过紫外光聚合诱导相分离法制备聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)膜。通过研究大分子链转移剂光引发活性,发现采用RAFT聚合制备的大分子链转移剂具有较高的光活性,带有Iniferter活性基团的大分子链转移剂光活性很低。对不同大分子链转移剂制备的PDLC膜的电光性能进行比较,发现采用RAFT法合成的具有高光活性的大分子链转移剂能够使PDLC膜具有较高的开态透光率和较低的驱动电压。加入大分子链转移剂会导致PDLC记忆效应升高。     

两亲性四臂星型PEO_4-PCL_4温敏性水凝胶的合成

通过阴离子开环聚合和配位开环聚合合成了两亲性四臂星型聚合物PEO4-PCL4。核磁氢谱和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结果显示,合成的聚合物结构和相对分子质量与设计的相符。胶束粒径测定结果表明,随着温度升高,胶束粒径逐渐增大。对溶胶-凝胶相转变温度的测定发现,聚合物在人体温度附近发生溶胶-凝胶相转变。对载药水凝胶在磷酸盐溶液中的释放行为进行了研究,药物释放呈现先快-后慢的整体释放现象,随着疏水性链段相对分子质量的增加,药物的释放速率减缓,累积释放率降低。     

以β-CPDN为链转移剂的苯乙烯RAFT聚合

以二硫代β-萘甲酸异丁腈酯（β-CPDN）为链转移剂,研究了偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）引发和热引发条件下的苯乙烯（St）RAFT聚合,结果显示：聚合动力学虽然未呈现一级线性关系,但所得聚合物的分子量（n）随单体转化率升高而线性增大,与理论值（n,th）较吻合,分子量分布指数（PDI）维持在较低值（＜1.3）.同时考察了配比以及聚合温度对聚合可控性的影响,发现AIBN引发时,[β-CPDN]0/[AIBN]0值为2至3时聚合的可控性较好,热引发时聚合温度采用100 ℃,聚合的控制性最佳。     

基于梳状结构的复杂交联聚己内酯的合成及形状记忆行为

以正丁基锂为引发剂,通过活性阴离子聚合得到窄分布的聚丁二烯,然后通过环氧化和羟基化反应得到多羟基聚丁二烯.并以多羟基聚丁二烯作为大分子引发剂,通过开环聚合方法合成了梳状聚己内酯(gPCL),通过核磁共振波谱和凝胶渗透色谱测定结构信息,证明得到了分子量分布窄(PDI<1.18)的具有接枝结构的梳状聚己内酯.通过合成的梳状...     

ATRP法合成新型双亲性嵌段大分子单体

首先以对氯甲基苯乙烯为引发剂，联二吡啶为配位剂，氯化亚铜为催化剂，使单体苯乙烯进行原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP），合成了末端分别带有不饱和双键和卤素原子的聚苯乙烯（PSt-Cl）大分子引发剂，并对此大分子引发剂的ATRP规律进行了初步探讨，发现有ATRP“活性”聚合的特征，但CMSt的引发效率不够高，所得聚合物的实测分子量大于理论分子量。然后以上述合成的PSt-Cl大分子引发剂引发N-异丙基丙烯酰胺进行ATRP，合成了双亲性两嵌段（PSt-b-PNIPAAm）大分子单体。对PSt-b-PNIPAAm大分子单体进行了均聚反应，由GPC测定发现其分子量都增长了一个数量级，证明此大分子单体的双键具有聚合反应活性。     

聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚丙烯酸嵌段聚合物的合成

结合配位-插入开环聚合(CROP)及原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)成功制备出一种两亲性新型四臂星型聚合物聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚丙烯酸(PCL4-b-PAA4)。首先以季戊四醇为四官能团引发剂,辛酸亚锡Sn(Oct)2为催化剂,由ε-己内酯制备出分子量为8000、分子量分布为1.13的四臂星型聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL4),其末端羟基与小分子2-溴异丁酰溴进行酯化反应,得到用于ATRP聚合的星型大分子引发剂(PCL-Br)4,然后引发丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBA)聚合,把得到的PCL4-b-Pt-BA4水解,得到目标产物PCL4-b-PAA4。水解3 h和6 h的样品通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试可知,分子量分布很窄,分别为1.31和1.40。用核磁共振(1H-NMR)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段,对中间及最终产物进行了详细表征。     

双亲性嵌段共聚物PS-b-PNVA的RAFT制备及其自组装行为研究

以偶氮二异丁氰(AIBN)为引发剂,二硫化二异丙基黄原酸酯(DIP)为RAFT试剂,引发活性较大的单体苯乙烯(S)和活性较小的单体N-乙烯基乙酰胺(NVA)聚合,成功合成了结构明确、分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn=1.39)的PSb-PNVA嵌段共聚物并对嵌段共聚物的自组装行为进行了研究。利用凝胶渗透色谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振、纳米粒度仪和透射电镜对嵌段共聚物的分子量、结构及其在水溶液中的聚集行为进行了研究。详细考察了聚合反应温度、RAFT试剂用量、聚苯乙烯分子量等条件对嵌段共聚物的分子量及分布的影响以及嵌段共聚物结构、浓度和水含量等因素对嵌段共聚物形成的胶束的粒径的影响。     

单分散聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯的制备与性能研究

活性阴离子聚合为聚合物分子设计和合成提供了一种有效方法.以1,1二苯基己基锂(DPHLi)为引发剂,添加LiClO4络合剂,采用活性阴离子聚合体系制备了单分散聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PEMA).考察了聚合温度、引发剂、添加剂等工艺参数对聚合反应的影响规律,并研究了不同pH值聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯的降解性能.     

CuX/bpy催化体系中聚氧乙烯大单体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以正丁基溴为引发剂，卤化亚铜／联吡啶(bpy)为催化剂，研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）与末端为丙烯酰胺基的聚氧化乙烯（PEO）大单体的原子转移自由基聚合（AWTRP）反应，得到的实测分子量与理论分子量相近，分子量分布较窄，有预期结构的接枝共聚物，用IR，^1H-NMR,VPO,GPC,DSC等进行表征，并对单体总浓度，投料比，引发剂及反应时间对共聚物的组成和分子量的影响进行了讨论。     

PMMA-b-PBMA-b-PNVIm(Bu)BF_4离子液体嵌段聚合物的RAFT合成及表征

以S-十二烷基-S′-(α,α′-二甲基-α″-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯为链转移剂,制备了窄分布的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)大分子链转移剂,用大分子链转移剂来引发第二单体甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)制备了PMMA-b-PBMA二嵌段聚合物。再以二嵌段聚合物为大分子链转移剂引发N-乙烯基咪唑(NVIm)合成PMMA-b-PBMA-b-PNVIm三嵌段聚合物。通过与溴代正丁烷发生季铵化反应并与氟硼酸钠进行阴离子交换得到离子液体嵌段聚合物PMMA-b-PNVIm(Bu)BF_4。运用核磁、红外和凝胶渗透色谱及差示扫描量热等技术对产物的结构、分子量及分子量分布和玻璃化转变温度进行表征。结果表明,嵌段聚合物为PMMA166-b-PBMA145-b-PNVIm144,分子量分布为1.68,合成过程具有活性/可控聚合特征。     

RAFT聚合合成聚丙烯酸-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)嵌段共聚物的自组装行为

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合方法制备了聚丙烯酸叔丁酯-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PtBA-b-PNIAAm)嵌段共聚物,用核磁共振谱和凝胶渗透色谱对其结构和组成进行了表征。通过水解反应脱去嵌段PtBA的叔丁基得到聚丙烯酸-b-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PAA-b-PNIAAm)嵌段共聚物,使用核磁共振谱确定了其水解率约为85.5%。使用动态光散射和原子力显微镜技术对其在水溶液中的温度和pH敏感性自组装行为做了初步研究。结果表明,PAA-b-PNIAAm胶束的临界聚集pH值约为5.3,最低临界溶解温度(LCST)约为34.0℃。     

New biomaterial: triblock copolymers of poly [3(S)-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione]-poly(ethylene oxide)

ABA-type block copolymers with poly[3(S)-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione](PIBMD, A) and poly(ethylene oxide) (M_n = 6000, PEO, B) blocks, PIBMD-b-PEO-b-PIBMD, were synthesised via ring-opening polymerization of 3(S)-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione in the presence of hydroxytelechelic poly(ethylene oxide) with stannous octoate as a catalyst. These block copolymers may find applications in cell encapsulation and in drug delivery. M_n of the resulting copolymers increases with increasing 3(S)-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione content in the feed at constant molar ratio of monomer (M) to catalyst (C) (M/C = 125). No racemization of the leucine residue takes place during both homopolymerization of IBMD and polymerization of IBMD in the presence of PEO and Sn(Oct)₂. The melting temperature of the PIBMD segments in the block copolymers depends on the length of the PIBMD blocks. The melting temperature of the PEO blocks is lower than that of the homopolymer, and the crystallinity of the PEO block decreases with increasing length of the PIBMD blocks. The PIBMD block crystallizes first upon cooling from the melt. This leads to only imperfect crystallization or no crystallization of the PEO blocks.     

Synthesis of amphiphilic [PEO(PCL)<Subscript>2</Subscript>] triarm star-shaped block copolymers: a promising system for <Emphasis Type="Italic">in cell</Emphasis> delivery

The paper reports on a simple method of synthesizing [PEO(PCL)₂] triarm star-shaped copolymers by a combination of Michael-addition type reaction and ring-opening polymerization. A Michael-addition reaction yielded a PEO end-capped by two hydroxyl groups—a [PEO(OH)₂] macroinitiator—which was used for sequential building of PCL blocks. The macroinitiator and copolymers were analyzed by FTIR, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and SEC. The self-assembly behavior of the copolymers in aqueous media was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The size and morphology of the obtained micelles were determined by TEM. None of the polymers had cytotoxic effects in vitro. Cellular uptake studies showed the accumulation of neutral red loaded micelles in the perinuclear area of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells revealing a cellular uptake associated with macropinocytosis and caveolae mediated endocytosis. The accumulation had a sustained effect over 3 days pointing at the potential application of the copolymers micelles as a drug delivery system.     

Characterization of poly(L-lactide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymer by liquid chromatography at the critical condition and by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Poly(L-lactide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymers (PLLA-b-PEO-b-PLLA) were fractionated in terms of the number of LLA units by liquid chromatography at the critical condition (LCCC) of PEO block. The fractionated samples were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The dependence of the LCCC retention of the diblock and triblock copolymers on the degree of polymerization of PLLA block(s) follows Martin's rule very well. Unlike the case of PEO-b-PLLA diblock copolymer reported earlier (Lee, H.; et al. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4143), however, a splitting of the elution peaks containing the same number of LLA units was found. The peak splitting was ascribed to the different length distributions of PLLA blocks at the two ends of the PEO block. From the relative intensities of the peaks, the split peaks were assigned to different isomeric structures of the PLLA blocks. From these results we conclude that the interaction of the triblock copolymers with the stationary phase is affected by the distribution of the interacting blocks at the two ends of the center PEO block, in addition to the total number of LLA units in the triblock copolymer.     

星形聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以不同臂数和分子量的星型聚乙二醇(sPEG)和L-丙交酯为原料,采用开环聚合法合成了以星型聚乙二醇为内部嵌段、聚L-乳酸为外部嵌段的多臂星形聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(sPEG-b-PLLA)。研究了sPEG的臂数、分子量及L-丙交酯/sPEG投料比等参数对产物结构与性能的影响。并分别用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热(DSC)对产物进行了表征,证实所合成的嵌段共聚物具有预期的结构。结果表明,sPEG-b-PLLA为结晶性聚合物,且表现出与PLLA相似的晶型,随着PLLA链段的增加,产物的结晶度也呈增大的趋势;与PLLA相比,sPEG-b-PLLA的接触角随着PEG链段的增多而增大,表明其亲水性明显改善。     

RAFT聚合方法在碳纳米管表面接枝嵌段共聚物

首先在碳纳米管表面接上可用做RAFT聚合的链转移剂——二硫代碳酸酯,然后用这些管壁接有二硫代碳酸酯的碳纳米管作为链转移剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯单体进行可控的嵌段聚合反应,首次报道了采用二步加料方式在碳纳米管的管壁上接枝上嵌段共聚物链。对嵌段共聚物的结构进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)表征。     

One-step preparation of hierarchical porous carbons from poly(vinylidene chloride)-based block copolymers

A facile self-templating and activation-free method to fabricate the hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) from poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)-based block copolymers is reported in this article. A series of block copolymers consisted of PVDC and the polystyrene (PS) blocks were prepared via RAFT living radical polymerization. Effects of molar ratio between the PVDC and the PS blocks on the microphase separation and thermal degradation of the PVDC-b-PS copolymers, and the microstructure of the as-prepared porous carbons were investigated. The results show that the PVDC block acts as a good kind of carbon precursor capable of forming micropores (0.5–0.6 nm) due to the diffusion of small molecules eliminated during the degradation of the PVDC block, and the microdispersed PS block acts as a mesopore extender to generate the mesopores (3–30 nm) by the decomposition of the PS phase. The as-prepared HPCs have the unique structures with three-dimensionally interconnected micropores and mesopores. The high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (1220 m²/g) and total pore volume (0.92 cm³/g) were achieved through controlling the composition of block copolymer. The method is facile to prepare the HPCs and suitable to the PVDC-based copolymers with other pyrolyzable block.     

Ion transport within random-sulfonated and block-sulfonated copolyimides

A series of sulfonated copolyimides was prepared from 4,4-oxydianiline, sulfonated 4,4′-oxydianiline, and 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride). Both random- and block structures were prepared by varying the timing of monomer addition to the polymerization reaction. The polymers were converted to their acid forms and then cast into films. ¹H NMR, FTIR, and non-aqueous titration verified the degree of polymer sulfonation. The block copolymers showed higher water uptake and proton conductivities than random copolymers with similar ion exchange capacity (IEC) values. These differences became pronounced as the IEC value was increased.     

SBP嵌段共聚物的合成和鉴定EI

用正丁基锂为引发剂,四氢呋喃为添加剂,按阴离子顺序加料方法合成了聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-4-乙烯吡啶(SBP)嵌段共聚物,经FTIR、UV、DSC、DDV等测试方法表征,证实了所合成的聚合物为聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物。研究表明4-乙烯吡啶在聚合体系中聚合反应极为迅速且由于吡啶环上N原子对碳阴离子较为敏感,故嵌段共聚物中含有部分分子量较高的支化高分子。透射电镜表明样品具有精细的微相结构。聚合物的微相结构随聚合物中聚丁二烯含量提高,可以从蜂窝状结构转变成层状结构。     

Temperature-sensitive star-shaped block copolymers hydrogels for an injection application: phase transition behavior and biocompatibility

A series of star-shaped poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b–methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA–mPEG) block copolymers with varying PLGA/mPEG block weight ratios, mPEG block length, and arm numbers were synthesized and phase transition behaviors were investigated. Phase transition characteristics, such as critical gel concentration (CGC) and critical gel temperature (CGT), were closely related to the molecular structure of the star-shaped block copolymers. The CGC was mainly determined by the balance of hydrophobic PLGA and hydrophilic mPEG block (PLGA/mPEG block ratio). The CGTs showed a stronger dependence on mPEG block length and arm number. Also, the CGTs can be adjusted by adding mPEG homopolymer additives. The weight fraction of mPEG had a stronger influence on the CGT values than molecular weight of mPEG. In addition, the MTT assay and histological observations confirmed the acceptable biocompatibility of the star-shaped block copolymer. Hence, the star-shaped PLGA-mPEG block copolymer was a promising candidate as a novel injectable gel.