玻纤增强聚丙烯多腔微注塑中纤维取向与流动偏移

采用3D模拟技术和各项异性旋转扩散-诱导应变闭合(ARD-RSC)等模型以及集成式热电偶传感器温度测量系统和可视化全息示踪技术,对多型腔微注塑成型过程中玻纤增强聚丙烯(GFRPP)熔体在流道中的纤维取向、温度和流动速度偏移现象进行模拟和分析。结果表明,低速注射时,GFRPP熔体中纤维取向明显,流道表层区域的纤维取向程度大于芯层区域的纤维取向,存在着明显的、不对称的表层-芯层-表层结构,纤维取向加剧了塑料熔体前沿温度与流动速度的向下偏移。高速注射时,纤维取向仍然存在不对称的表层-芯层-表层结构,但比低速注射时不明显得多,纤维取向对熔体前沿高温区和流动速度向下侧偏移幅度的影响也较低速注射时更大。即GFRPP熔体在不同注射速度下熔体的流动速度、流动状态、温度变化相互作用与影响,使得熔体的纤维取向,流动速度、温度分布产生偏移,导致流道系统和型腔充型不均衡。     

梳理塑模技术创新塑模理论——三板式注射模“中间板”剖析

塑料注射成型中的双分型面模具也即三板式模具,是注射成型模具中的重要一类,使用数量多,注射成型件形状复杂,模具生产技术难度大。它把单分型面模具也就是两板式模具中定模部分的型腔板与定模板的螺栓固定连接替换成了弹簧一限位螺钉的弹性连接,原来的固定型腔板成了一面是流道和浇口慷浇口）另一面是型腔的浮动流道一一型腔板。     

不同流道截面型腔的水穿透行为

纤维取向分布直接影响水辅注塑成型制品的使用性能,如冲击强度、屈服强度及拉伸强度等。多样化的流道截面型腔用于满足水辅制品在不同场合中的应用,不同的流道截面型腔势必会影响水辅制品中纤维取向分布。文中旨在研究圆形、上圆下方形及方形的截面流道型腔中短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的水辅助注射成型过程。结果发现,随着熔体温度的升高、注水压力的增大及注水延迟时间的缩短,3种流道截面型腔制品的中间端处残余壁厚减薄及短玻纤沿聚合物熔体流动方向的取向度提高,且在相同加工变量下,圆形截面流道型腔制品的中间端处残余壁厚最薄及短玻纤沿聚合物熔体流动方向的取向度最高,其次是上圆下方形,最后是方形。综合制品的中间端1处及2处残余壁厚可知,聚合物熔体温度在210～230℃、注水压力7～10 MPa及注水延迟时间1～5 s时,上圆下方形截面型腔制品的中间端处残余壁厚及短玻纤沿聚合物熔体流动方向的取向度更趋近于圆形。     

尺寸效应对多型腔注射成型过程影响的可视化实验

利用可视化注塑模具和高速摄像机对注塑成型过程中熔体在型腔内的充填不平衡现象进行了动态观察,探讨了尺寸效应对熔体充填型腔速率及充填平衡性的影响。实验结果表明,熔体的充填平衡性与型腔的厚度有关,根据实验结果可以较好地描述熔体注射成型过程中充填不平衡现象的产生规律,为薄壁及微细尺寸下的精密注射成型技术的发展提供实验依据。     

PET薄膜挤出成型有限元模拟和阻流分析

设计了厚度为0.12mm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜衣架式挤出流道,使用有限元软件模拟了聚合物熔体的流动规律,获得了流道内部的压力场、速度场和温度场的分布,分析了阻流设计对流场的影响。研究表明,流道结构对压力分布影响显著,对速度、温度分布影响不明显;流道阻流部分尺寸较小的改变,会引起流道内部熔体压力较大的变化,易导致挤出成型过程的不稳定,从而显著影响产品质量。此外,挤出流量对流场压力分布影响很小。     

聚丙烯单聚合物复合材料嵌件式注射成型过程的数值模拟

单聚合物复合材料(SPC)是基体和增强体来自同种聚合物的复合材料,具有密度小、界面粘接性好和回收成本低等优点。嵌件式注射成型可实现SPC的快速制备。为了检验加工温度窗口的大小,掌握型腔内部温度分布情况,文中使用Moldex3D软件模拟分析了聚丙烯单聚合物复合材料(PP SPC)嵌件式注射成型过程,比较了PP SPC嵌件式注射成型与PP注射成型的模拟结果,讨论了温度、黏度和翘曲变形情况。将不同熔融温度下数值计算得到的温度分布结果与实验样品照片进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,在180℃条件下嵌件式注射成型PP SPC,纤维不会熔融而能保持增强效果。     

用光纤进行树脂基复合材料的成型过程监测

研究了用光纤对碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料成型监测的方法和系统。通过测量复合材料成型过程中树脂折射率的变化来反映树脂的粘度变化和固化过程。     

分布式光纤传感温度测试系统性能标定方法

正一、引言分布式光纤温度传感系统是一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布的传感系统,实质上是分布光纤拉曼(Raman)光子传感器(DOFRPS)系统,它是近年来发展起来的一种用于实时测量空间温度场的光纤传感系统。本文拟在简要阐述分布式光纤监测技术和分布式光纤温度监测技术及其校准原理的基础上,对分布式光纤传感温度测试系统性能标定方法进行介绍,为该系统在工程结构监测中的应用提供借鉴。     

微注塑成型充模流动中的对流换热实验

微注塑成型中,聚合物熔体与微型腔壁面间的对流换热行为与常规注塑成型不同,对流换热系数也发生了变化。通过采用微模具和温度传感器,对聚丙烯(PP)、ABS和两种聚甲醛(POM)熔体,以不同注射速度填充厚度为0.510 mm和0.420 mm,表面粗糙度为0.062μm、0.393μm和0.695μm的不同微型腔时的模具温度分布进行测量,从而求得对流换热系数。结果表明,微注塑成型中对流换热系数,与聚合物材料热物理性质紧密相关,热物性参数值高的材料,对流换热系数也大;且随注射速度和型腔表面粗糙度的增加以及型腔厚度的减小而增大。     

热膨胀工艺硅橡胶芯模对复合材料圆管成型的影响

在建立硅橡胶芯模尺寸及工艺间隙设计公式的基础上,采用硅橡胶热膨胀工艺制备了碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料圆管,考察了不同厚度硅橡胶芯模对成型过程温度分布及预浸料铺层内部树脂压力的影响,并分析了圆管的成型质量。结果表明：硅橡胶芯模的厚度对温度分布影响较大,厚度为5mm时,温度分布比较均匀;铺层内的树脂压力能够达到设计压力,但不...     

A model for fiber length attrition in injection-molded long-fiber composites

Long-fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composites consist of an engineering thermoplastic matrix with glass or carbon reinforcing fibers that are initially 10–13 mm long. When an LFT is injection molded, flow during mold filling degrades the fiber length. Here we present a detailed quantitative model for fiber length attrition in a flowing fiber suspension. The model tracks a discrete fiber length distribution at each spatial node. A conservation equation for total fiber length is combined with a breakage rate that is based on buckling of fibers due to hydrodynamic forces. The model is combined with a mold filling simulation to predict spatial and temporal variations in fiber length distribution in a mold cavity during filling. The predictions compare well to experiments on a glass–fiber/PP LFT molding. Fiber length distributions predicted by the model are easily incorporated into micromechanics models to predict the stress–strain behavior of molded LFT materials.     

注射成型时纤维取向的计算机模拟

基于Ｈｅｌｅ－Ｓｈｏｗ流动，采用Ｄｉｎｈ－Ａｒｍｓｔｒｏｎｇ本构模型，本文研究了一种数值方法用来模拟中等浓度短纤维增强塑料在注塑成型过程中纤维的取向状态。纤维的取向状态由取向椭球的投影表示，而取向椭球由计算二阶取向张量得到。本文推导了注射成型过程中纤维取向 概率分布函数，并将模拟的结果与以前研究者所做的实验进行了比较。     

Analysis of non-isothermal mold filling process in resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM)

In this paper, we present a modeling and numerical simulation of a mold filling process in resin transfer molding/structural reaction injection molding utilizing the homogenization method. Conventionally, most of the mold filling analyses have been based on a macroscopic flow model utilizing Darcy's law. While Darcy's law is successful in describing the averaged flow field within the mold cavity packed with a porous fiber preform, it requires experiments to obtain the permeability tensor and is limited to the case of porous fiber preform-it can not be used to model the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform. In the current approach, the actual flow field is considered, to which the homogenization method is applied to obtain the averaged flow model. The advantages of the current approach are: parameters such as the permeability and effective heat conductivity of the impregnanted fiber preform can be calculated; the actual flow field as well as averaged flow field can be obtained; and the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform can be modelled. In the presentation, we first derive the averaged flow model for the resin flow through a porous fiber preform and compare it with that of other methods. Next, we extend the result to the case of double porous fiber preform. An averaged flow model for the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform is derived, and a simulation program is developed which is capable of predicting the flow pattern and temperature distribution in the mold filling process. Finally, an example of a three dimensional part is provided.     

变模温与型腔气体反压辅助微孔发泡注塑技术及其产品内外泡孔结构演变

建立了一种变模温和型腔气体反压协同控制的微孔发泡注塑技术,研制了相应的变模温控制系统与型腔气体反压控制系统,构建了变模温与型腔气体反压辅助微孔发泡注塑试验线,并对变模温与型腔气体反压作用下的产品内外泡孔结构演变进行了研究。结果表明,变模温与型腔气体反压辅助工艺单独施加于微孔发泡注塑技术时,对其产品内外泡孔结构均具有双重影响:变模温可以改善产品大部分的表面形貌,但其对填充过程中的熔体发泡影响不大;型腔气体反压可以基本抑制填充过程中的熔体发泡,但却对产品内部泡孔密度有比较明显的降低影响。通过变模温与型腔气体反压的协同控制,可以实现微孔发泡注塑产品表面气泡形貌和内部泡孔结构的良好调控。     

Three-dimensional process cycle simulation of composite parts manufactured by resin transfer molding

A process cycle of resin transfer molding (RTM) consists of two sequential stages, i.e. filling and curing stages. These two stages are interrelated in non-isothermal processes so that the curing stage is dominated by the resin flow as well as temperature and conversion distributions during the filling stage. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account both filling and curing stages to analyze the process cycle accurately. In this paper, a full three-dimensional process cycle simulation of RTM is performed. Full three-dimensional analysis is necessary for thick parts or parts having complex shape. A computer code is developed based on the control volume/finite element method (CV/FEM). The resulting computer code can provide information regarding flow progression and pressure field during mold filling; and temperature distribution and degree of cure distribution for a process cycle. The computer code can also be used for process cycle simulation of composite structures with complex geometry and with various molding strategies including switching injection strategy, multiple gate injection strategy and variable mold wall temperature. Numerical examples provided in the present work show the capabilities of the computer code in analyzing the process cycle.     

Experimental determination and numerical prediction of mechanical properties of injection molded self-reinforcing polymer composites

A novel method to calculate the distribution of tensile modulus of injection molded PET/LCP blends across the thickness of the mold cavity has been developed, based on the generalized Halpin–Tsai composite model, but with a variable fiber aspect ratio. Using this method, we are able to make a number of predictions regarding the effects of melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, and LCP volume fraction on the moduli of the injection molded blends. Our predictions show that in order to optimize the reinforcement effect of the in-situ formed LCP fibers in the blends, low mold temperature and low injection speed are required. These results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

Development of adaptive injection flow rate and pressure control algorithms for resin transfer molding

To prevent dry spot formation during fabrication of composite parts by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), a control interface and four different adaptive control algorithms have been developed and tested with numerical simulations. The interface is capable of controlling the flow pattern of resin as it fills a mold containing a preform of fiber reinforcement, provided that the mold is equipped with multiple inlet gates, a single vent and a spinal sensor system that continuously feeds the interface with the resin flow front locations along the spine lines connecting the inlet gates to the vent. Four different adaptive control algorithms targeting on injection flow rate control, injection pressure control, linearly-corrected pressure control, and the combined flow rate and linearly-corrected pressure control have been proposed and incorporated with the control interface. To provide desirable controllability of the filling process and effective utilization of the resin dispensing equipment, the final formulations were optimized by means of numerical simulations of a rectangular RTM part containing different permeability distributions. The results were compared to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the spinal adaptive control algorithms in terms of dry spot size, filling speed, and the minimum responding speed of injection pump. Finally, a complex geometry case study was conducted to validate and highlight the spinal adaptive control algorithms’ capability in handling flow disturbance for a complex RTM mold filling process which involves irregular mold geometry, multiple inserts, significant permeability and racetracking variations, and non-straight spinal sensors.     

A numerical study of filling process through multilayer preforms in resin injection/compression molding

In resin injection/compression molding (RI/CM), a preform often comprises layers of different fiber reinforcements. Each fiber reinforcement has unique through thickness and in-plane permeabilities as well as compressibility, creating a heterogeneous porous medium in the mold cavity. In the present article, numerical simulation is utilized to investigate the filling process of RI/CM in such a heterogeneous porous medium. The filling stage is simulated in a full three-dimensional space by using control volume/finite element method and based upon an appropriate filling algorithm. The flow in the open gap which may be present in the mold cavity is modeled by Darcy’s law using an equivalent permeability. Numerical simulations of filling process for preforms containing two and three layers of different reinforcements in various stacking sequences are conducted with the aid of computer code developed in this study. Results show that the injection time as well as flow front progression depends on fiber types in the whole preform, fiber stacking sequence and open gap provided in the mold cavity. Simulated results also suggest that the presence of open gap at top of reinforcement can lead to both low injection time and uniform flow pattern.     

Three-Dimensional Flow Simulations for the Resin Transfer Molding Process

In resin transfer molding (RTM) a stack of fiber mats or woven rovings is laid inside the mold cavity. Then the mold is sealed and resin is injected. The computer simulation of the injection phase in resin transfer molding (RTM) can help the mold designer to position properly the injection ports and the air vents, to select an adequate injection presssure and to optimize the cycle time. The purpose of this article is to present a finite element simulation model of the filling process that can be applied to three-dimensional “thin shell” molds. An application to a subway seat is described to illustrate the various stages of the simulation