两种砂轮磨削S136钢的实验研究

采用氧化铝砂轮和cBN砂轮对S136模具钢进行磨削实验,研究两种砂轮磨削S136钢过程中磨削力与磨削温度随磨削参数的变化规律,以及磨削力、磨削温度与磨削表面硬度、表面烧伤、表面粗糙度等的关系。实验结果表明:在相同的磨削参数下,氧化铝砂轮的磨削力比cBN砂轮的磨削力大10～30 N;氧化铝砂轮的磨削温度远远高于cBN砂轮的磨削温度,并且随着切深的增加,两种砂轮的温度差值增大;当磨削温度达到一定值时,工件的磨削表面出现烧伤,工件表面粗糙度急剧增加,工件表面硬度显著降低。     

蠕动进给超声磨削Al2O3陶瓷实验研究

对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给机械磨削和蠕动进给超声磨削对比试验,考察了磨削参数对表面粗糙度和实际切深的影响;通过扫描电镜对工件表面形貌进行了分析;实验结果表明:超声振动显著增加了实际切深,同时表面粗糙度值略微增大,但不会引起大的亚表面损伤;材料去除仍以脆性断裂为主,同时伴随塑性流动现象.     

蠕动进给超声磨削Al2O3陶瓷实验研究：2008—0l一16

对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给机械磨削和蠕动进给超声磨削对比试验,考察了磨削参数对表面粗糙度和实际切深的影响;通过扫描电镜对工件表面形貌进行了分析;实验结果表明：超声振动显著增加了实际切深,同时表面粗糙度值略微增大,但不会引起大的亚表面损伤;材料去除仍以脆性断裂为主,同时伴随塑性流动现象。     

在深切缓进给外圆切入磨削中磨削温度的试验研究

深切缓进给磨削通常是在一次切深2～20毫米、工件进给速度5～309毫米/分的磨削用量下,对工件进行磨削的。当磨削条件或磨削用量选择不当时,常常会由于磨削弧区的高温作用引起工件表面发生严重烧伤,甚至使磨削过程无法进行。在深切缓进给外圆磨削的研究工作中,我们采用半人工热电偶法对45钢和球墨铸铁磨削时的磨削温度进行了测试和研     

粗磨粒金刚石砂轮精密磨削工程陶瓷的试验研究

为了实现粗磨粒金刚石砂轮延性域磨削加工SiC陶瓷材料,采用碟轮对粒径为297~420μm的粗磨粒金刚石砂轮进行了精密修整。然后,使用经过修整好的粗磨粒金刚石砂轮对SiC陶瓷进行磨削加工。在此基础上,对不同的砂轮线速度、工件进给速度、磨削切深对SiC陶瓷表面粗糙度和表面形貌的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明:经过精密修整的粗磨粒金刚石砂轮是能够实现SiC陶瓷材料的延性域磨削的,表面粗糙度值Ra达到0.151μm;随着砂轮线速度增大、工件进给速度和磨削切深减小,SiC陶瓷表面的脆性断裂减小,塑性去除增加。     

TiAl合金低压涡轮叶片榫头磨削温度场研究

TiAl合金低压涡轮叶片榫头磨削过程中温度分布较为复杂,因此采用有限元法模拟温度分布特征。介绍几何模型建立、传入工件的热量比例的确定以及热源的选择和加载等重要细节。最高磨削温度的仿真和试验结果差异约为15%,验证了模型的合理性。仿真结果表明:开始磨削后,工件表面的温度逐渐升高直至稳定。磨削过程的最高温度出现在齿顶圆弧处,比齿根处的最高温度高约30%～40%,原因是型面各处热传导条件存在差异。磨削温度随磨削速度、工件进给速度升高和切深增大而逐渐升高。      

复杂曲面硬脆材料零件磨削加工数值模拟

建立了大型复杂形面薄壁石英纤维复合材料的树脂金刚石磨削过程传热学模型,并基于有限元方法,利用工程数值模拟软件ANSYS对石英纤维材料磨削时的热传递过程进行了数值计算,得出工件的温度场分布规律及温度变化历程。研究表明：以现行磨削用量干磨削后,磨削最高温度达到316℃,热量主要分布在表层2 mm深范围内,对工件表面材料性能影响不大;同时得到了温度场分布随热源的移动而变化的规律及工件表面某位置下不同深度的温度变化历程。借助有限元方法对工件表层的温度场进行仿真,可以预测整个磨削过程,优化磨削参数,减少试验次数与成本,为解决磨削表面热损伤和热变形等问题提供了依据。     

工程陶瓷小砂轮轴向大切深缓进给磨削加工的砂轮磨损分析

小砂轮轴向大切深缓进给磨削以较大切深实现了较高的材料去除率,且使用的砂轮直径比常规磨削用砂轮小很多,我们针对这一特点开展了研究。实验通过改变砂轮转速、工件转速和磨削深度等加工参数,对轴向大切深缓进给磨削加工后的砂轮表面进行了形貌观测和磨损分析。分析表明,砂轮各部分的磨损形式与其在磨削过程中所起的作用有关:砂轮端面是磨削加工的主磨削区,磨粒和结合剂主要发生较大程度的磨损;砂轮圆周面主要对已加工表面进行修磨,因而结合剂和磨粒磨损为主要磨损形式;砂轮拐角作为过渡磨削区,承受的磨削力也比较大,而且由于磨粒与结合剂的结合力相对较小,因此易发生磨粒和结合剂的脱落。     

微粉金刚石钎焊砂轮磨削氧化铝陶瓷的磨削力和表面粗糙度特征

在不同磨削深度、砂轮转速和进给速度组合下,研究微粉金刚石钎焊砂轮磨削氧化铝陶瓷过程的磨削力及工件的表面粗糙度的变化规律,并筛选出低磨削力和低工件表面粗糙度的加工工艺参数。试验结果表明:在微粉金刚石钎焊砂轮的磨削过程中,氧化铝陶瓷主要通过脆性断裂的方式去除;随着磨削深度、进给速度的增加,砂轮在进给方向和切深方向的力以及工件表面粗糙度都上升;随着砂轮转速的增加,进给方向和切深方向的力以及工件表面粗糙度都下降。试验获得的低磨削力和低工件表面粗糙度精密加工工艺参数分别为:磨削深度为1.0 μm,进给速度为12 mm/min,砂轮转速为24 000 r/min和磨削深度为1.0 μm,进给速度为1 mm/min,砂轮转速为20 000 r/min。低磨削力磨削时,微粉金刚石钎焊砂轮受到的X方向和Z方向的磨削力分别为0.15 N和0.72 N;精密加工后的氧化铝陶瓷的表面粗糙度值可达0.438 μm。      

石墨砂轮精密磨削铁氧体的实验研究

本试验使用石墨白刚玉砂轮精密磨削铁氧体,可实现简化工艺的目的。实验结果表明:在磨削速度24 m/s、工件速度1~10 m/min、切深2.5~7.5 μm的普通磨削工艺条件下,铁氧体零件的表面粗糙度值均达到R_a 0.18 μm以下。最小的表面粗糙度值可以达到R_a 0.09 μm,磨削表面呈镜面。因此,该磨削工艺可以完全满足铁氧体零件的表面加工质量要求。      

Heat flux distributions and convective heat transfer in deep grinding

By using experimental data including the monitored temperature and power signals, combined with detailed theoretical analysis, the relationship between the undeformed grinding chip thickness and specific grinding energy has been studied and used to derive the heat flux distribution along the wheel-work contact zone. The relationship between the grinding chip thickness and specific grinding energy (SGE) has been shown to follow an exponential trend over a wide range of material removal rates. The distribution of the total grinding heat flux, q_t, along the grinding zone does not follow a simple linear form. It increases at the trailing edge with sharp gradients and then varies nearly linearly for the remainder of the contact length. The heat flux entering into the workpiece, q_w, is estimated by matching the measured and theoretical grinding temperatures, and it has been found that the square law heat flux distribution seems to give the best match, although the triangular heat flux is good enough for most cases to generate accurate temperature predictions. With the known heat flux distributions of q_t and q_w, the heat flux to the grinding fluid can then be estimated once the heat partitioning to the grinding wheel is determined by the Hahn model for a grain sliding on a workpiece. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the grinding fluid has been shown to vary along the grinding zone. An understanding of this variation is important in order to optimise the grinding fluid supply strategy, especially under deep grinding conditions when contact lengths are large. It has been demonstrated that the down grinding mode can provide a beneficial fluid supply condition, in which the fluid enters the grinding zone at the position of highest material removal where a high convective cooling function is needed.     

缓进深切磨削颗粒增强钛基复合材料磨削力的研究

磨削力是磨削过程中的重要参数,同加工效果之间关系密切。使用不同磨料的陶瓷结合剂砂轮进行缓进深切颗粒增强钛基复合材料的磨削试验,研究磨削力与磨削参数和磨料种类的关系。结果表明:普通刚玉砂轮的磨削力是微晶刚玉砂轮磨削力的3~4倍,被加工材料表面更容易产生缺陷。因此,在缓进深切磨削工艺条件下,微晶刚玉砂轮更适合钛基复合材料的磨削。      

Temperature measurement in high efficiency deep grinding

Temperature measurements are employed for research into the mechanics of grinding and for process monitoring. Temperature measurement in grinding presents a number of challenges particularly in High-Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG). High work-speeds require fast response and deep cuts require measurement over a large temperature field. High-speed fluid delivery creates problems for all types of temperature measurement. Electrical noise may require zero-shift filtering. Several techniques of temperature measurement are described. The merits and problems using thermocouple techniques are discussed in detail. In particular, the effect of junction size and shape are discussed. It is shown that the shape and size of the junction have a strong effect both on the reliability of the signal and on the accuracy of the signal. Other problems discussed include improvement of signal to noise ratio, measurements under wet grinding conditions and a technique for measuring contact surface temperatures when taking deep cuts in creep grinding and high-efficiency deep grinding.     

THERMAL STUDY ON THE GRINDING OF GRANITE WITH SUPERABRASIVE TOOLS

Diamondabrasivetoolsareextensivelyusedintheprocessingofstone ,frominitialsawingtofinalfinishing .Infact,abrasiveprocessingofgraniteandmarbleforconstructionisthemostimportantfactorintheconsumptionofindustrialdiamond .Duringgrinding ,diamondabrasivegritsonthewheelsurfaceinteractwiththeworkpieceanddothecutting .Theenergyexpendedbythegrindingprocesscanleadtoelevatedtemperaturesatthegrindingzone ,whichmaycausethermaldamagetotheworkpieceandpromotewheelwear.Accordinglyextensivepastresearchhasbeenconc…     

Temperatures in deep grinding of finite workpieces

This paper investigates the diverse thermal effects generated in high efficiency deep grinding (HEDG). Using a new thermal model of circular arc contact with transient analysis, the transient behaviour of the maximum contact temperature has been analysed for various grinding conditions. It is found that steady state conditions can be achieved for the conditions of sufficient workpiece length and high workspeeds. The effect is important for the understanding of the deep grinding process and for the prediction of satisfactory grinding conditions. HEDG conditions also have very apparent effects on the depth of heat penetration to the workpiece. The parameters investigated include mean contact angle, Peclet number and the heat source distribution. Experimental results are presented for specific energy, energy partition and mean temperature for high efficiency deep grinding.     

Improving grinding fluid delivery using pneumatic barrier and compound nozzle

Grinding fluid is commonly applied to control grinding defects caused by high grinding zone temperature. Delivery of fluid to the grinding zone is obstructed by the formation of a stiff air layer around the grinding wheel. This results in huge wastage of grinding fluid. In the present paper, results of using a pneumatic barrier and a compound nozzle are discussed with respect to delivering fluid deep into the grinding zone. Grinding fluid passing through the grinding wheel contact zone is measured under different modes of fluid delivery using a flood cooling, or a compound, nozzle, with or without the application of a pneumatic barrier. It is found that the system using a pneumatic barrier with flood cooling nozzle, and that employing a compound nozzle perform better than the flood cooling nozzle. A compound nozzle along with a pneumatic barrier renders substantially less wastage of grinding fluid even at a low flow rate of grinding fluid. Above a fluid discharge of 475 ml/min, the compound nozzle alone shows effective penetration of grinding fluid through the grinding zone. Reduction of grinding force, specific energy and roughness of ground surface are obtained after using compound nozzle fluid delivery system. Compound nozzle may be used instead of flood cooling nozzle as it improves grinding performance even using 52.5 % less discharge of grinding fluid.     

挤压油膜阻尼器在深孔磨削中的应用研究

基于挤压油膜阻尼理论，设计了带挤压油膜阻尼器（SFD）的深孔内圆磨削刀杆，并在高精度内圆磨床上进行了与静压支撑刀杆的磨削性能对比实验，实验表明，参数设计合理的SFD开杆较静压支撑刀杆具有更优良的磨削性能和减振效果，而且SFD刀杆较静压支撑刀杆结构简单，拆装方便，稳定性高，因此SFD在机械加工领域具有十分重要的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。     

Thermal analysis of high efficiency deep grinding

Regimes of deep grinding range from creep grinding conducted at low workspeeds to High Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG) at fast workspeeds. At intermediate depths of cut, grinding is likely to be impossible due to high temperatures and damage to the workpiece and wheel. Analytical techniques for the determination of temperatures in deep grinding processes are discussed. An explanation is proposed for why it is possible to work efficiently at these two extremes of removal rate without experiencing the severe problems experienced in the intermediate range. Methods are required for determining the transition conditions so that process engineers can select process conditions for efficient material removal and high quality of manufactured products using high efficiency deep grinding. This paper provides a method for order of magnitude estimation of temperatures. It is proposed that the angle of inclination of the contact plane is an important parameter for the achievement of high workspeeds. It is argued that workpiece melting provides an ultimate boundary for energy dissipation within the workpiece.     

高效深磨的三种解析热模型

表达了三种高效深磨的热模型，分别是圆弧热源模型、均匀热源模型和三角形热源模型。用实验方法和理论计算方法研究了在高效深磨条件下磨削区的最高磨削温度。为了用高效深磨方式研究低合金钢的磨削性能，进行了平面磨削实验，测得了高效深磨条件下磨削区的最高磨削温度，并与用本模型计算结果进行了比较，发现实验结果与采用本模型理论计算结果基本一致，证明了该磨削热模型是正确的。     

硬质合金PA30高速深磨过程中声发射信号特征的变化研究

在硬脆难加工材料硬质合金PA30高速深磨声发射实验中,随着工件速度和磨削切削深度增加,声发射信号特征参数均方根（AE_RMS）和磨削力变大;随着砂轮速度增大,AE_RMS和磨削力减小。磨削力和AE_RMS有相同的变化趋势。硬质合金PA30高速深磨AE频谱的能量在100~600kHz的频段比较集中,其AE信号频谱的能量与频率范围明显高于低速浅切磨削。