空间用斯特林制冷机结构的发展

斯特林制冷具有工作范围宽、启动快、效率高、操作简便等诸多特点,是我国目前急需突破的空间制冷技术。随着影响制冷机性能的各种因素逐步得到解决,制冷机寿命及可靠性大大提高,现在正向空间工程应用转化。主要介绍了空间斯特林制冷机结构的发展情况,将对制冷机的设计优化,进一步提高制冷机工作寿命和可靠性提供有益参考。     

20K以下温区斯特林型脉管制冷机的最新研究进展与损失机理分析

系统介绍了20 K以下温区斯特林型脉管制冷机的最新研究进展,指出了多级斯特林型脉管制冷机的应用前景与发展趋势.深入分析了多级斯特林型脉管制冷机20 K以下温区的主要损失特性,以及其难以达到更低制冷温度和更高制冷效率的内在原因,着重说明进一步提高高频回热器效率、发展高效线性压缩机技术是实现突破的关键.     

星载斯特林制冷机污染控制工艺研究

污染是影响星载斯特林制冷机寿命的关键因素。为提高制冷机可靠性,必须对污染进行控制。主要介绍了污染对制冷机性能的影响以及污染控制的工艺处理方法。     

自由活塞斯特林制冷机的研究与应用进展

对自由活塞斯特林制冷机(FPSC)的发展历史以及当前的研究进展进行总结,比较了自由活塞斯特林制冷机与分置式斯特林制冷机的性能,结果显示自由活塞斯特林制冷机的相对卡诺效率明显高于分置式斯特林制冷机。自由活塞斯特林制冷机具有高效、紧凑、制冷温区广等优势,分别从航天、超导、低温冰箱、家用制冷等方面详细总结了自由活塞斯特林制冷机应用情况。最后,根据自由活塞斯特林制冷机的发展现状,提出了一些有用的建议,对自由活塞斯特林制冷机的发展及应用具有一定指导意义。     

斯特林制冷机污染失效研究进展

斯特林制冷机内部放气造成的失效严重影响制冷机寿命。制冷机内部放气气体会在回热器冷端及膨胀腔低温表面凝结,降低回热器的回热效率和冷头换热面传热能力,并加大制冷工质流动阻力。主要介绍了斯特林制冷机加速寿命试验和污染放气模拟数值计算方法等,提出了制冷机污染失效研究发展方向。对今后主要研究方向进行了展望。     

铁磁斯特林制冷机的生态学优化性能

应用有限时间热力学理论,建立铁磁斯特林制冷循环模型,考虑有限速率热传导、回热损失和回热时间等因素,基于铁磁材料的热力学性质,导出铁磁斯特林制冷循环的优化性能,进而研究热阻及回热损失对铁磁斯特林制冷机生态学优化性能的影响,所得结论可为铁磁斯特林制冷机的研制和设计提供理论指导.     

斯特林制冷机真空环境热模拟试验研究

为了验证空间斯特林制冷与辐射制冷、实现复合制冷系统的可行性,获取斯特林制冷机在真空条件下的散热情况,进行了斯特林制冷机空间真空环境热模拟试验。试验结果表明,真空条件下斯特林制冷机的散热是影响制冷机性能的重要因素。     

脉管型斯特林制冷机的能量方程推导及性能分析

通过对脉管型斯特林制冷机的分析和讨论，提出了此类制冷机的物理模型，对能量方程进行了推导，并编制了程序。计算结果显示，脉管斯特林制冷机在较高的制冷温区比单纯的斯特林制冷机有更大的制冷系数和更高的制冷量。     

80K/2W斯特林制冷机全性能实验研究

80 K/2 W斯特林制冷机是上海技术物理研究所自行研制的分置式牛津型制冷机.为验证斯特林制冷机在各种工况下的广泛适应性,针对80 K/2 W制冷机进行实验,测试制冷机在不同压缩机行程、制冷温度以及环境温度下的全性能特性,总结斯特林制冷机部分实用的规律.     

双级斯特林制冷机的模拟及优化设计

为了获得1.5 W@40 K的制冷性能,设计了一台双级斯特林制冷机。建立了双级斯特林制冷机的Sage一维整机模型,并进行数值模拟。在限制频率和排出器长度条件下,对双级斯特林制冷机的热力学和动力学参数进行了优化设计,优化后的双级斯特林制冷机在达到所要求的1.5 W@40 K的制冷性能时,其膨胀机效率为2.72%。     

空间制冷技术在星载红外遥感器中的应用与发展

介绍了星载红外遥感器对空间低温制冷技术的要求,综述了长寿命空间低温制冷技术在星载红外光学遥感器中的应用,分析了空间红外遥感器低温制冷技术的现状和发展趋势,指出我国的空间低温制冷技术正向大冷量、长寿命、高可靠性方向发展,并在此基础上讨论了中国空间低温制冷技术的发展方向和应用前景。     

Design and performance of a room-temperature hybrid magnetic refrigerator combined with Stirling gas refrigeration effect

The experimental prototype described in this work is a hybrid refrigerator that combines the active magnetic refrigeration effect with the Stirling gas regenerative refrigeration effect. In this prototype, gadolinium sheets are packed in the regenerator matrix for both Stirling and active magnetic regenerative refrigeration. Experimental tests were carried out to measure the cooling performance of this hybrid prototype. The influence of the phase angle on the cooling performance was investigated, and a reasonable phase angle of 90° was determined to obtain optimal cooling performance. By combining the two refrigeration effects, a minimum cooling temperature without heat load of 3.5 °C was reached, which is lower than that of 6.5 °C for the pure Stirling refrigeration effect without the magnetic cooling effect. The results of this study show that the cooling performance is improved by 24% for the hybrid effects compared with that exploiting only the Stirling gas refrigeration effect.     

斯特林制冷机用于冰箱技术的发展优势

相对于常用的蒸汽压缩节流制冷冰箱系统,采用逆向斯特林循环自由活塞斯特林制冷机的新型冰箱具有高效率采用"绿色"制冷剂制冷温区广启动电流低制冷量易控等特点,在环保及节能方面具有明显的优势.论文结合自由活塞式斯特林制冷机自身特点,分析其用于小容量家用冰箱以及低温冷柜的优越性;介绍了国外斯特林冰箱的研究进展;展望了这种极具潜力的冰箱制冷系统在我国的发展前景.     

Development in refrigeration: technical advances and opportunities for the 1990s

The world-wide of refrigeration applications is the result of expanding markets, international competition and improved products based on advanced technology. This plenary lecture outlines the potential impact of technical advances in solid-state microelectronics and computers, new working fluids and space-age structural materials on refrigeration products of the 1990s. Future equipment developments that are reviewed include advanced compressors, solid-state drives, desiccant cooling systems and products such as engine-driven and Stirling heat pumps. Environmental impact of CFCs and the recent breakthroughs in superconducting materials are likely to create both disruptions and opportunities for refrigeration in the next decade.

Résumé

The world-wide of refrigeration applications is the result of expanding markets, international competition and improved products based on advanced technology. This plenary lecture outlines the potential impact of technical advances in solid-state microelectronics and computers, new working fluids and space-age structural materials on refrigeration products of the 1990s. Future equipment developments that are reviewed include advanced compressors, solid-state drives, desiccant cooling systems and products such as engine-driven and Stirling heat pumps. Environmental impact of CFCs and the recent breakthroughs in superconducting materials are likely to create both disruptions and opportunities for refrigeration in the next decade.     

快速发展中的回热式气体制冷技术

概述回热式气体制冷技术的现状和前景，对ＰＴ，Ｇ－Ｍ，Ｓｔ和Ｂｏｒｅａｓ等各种制冷机的重大技术革新进行了扼要介绍，指出发展趋势。     

Japanese activities in refrigeration technology

This paper reviews recent activities in refrigeration technology in Japan. The projects described are stimulated by growing industrial needs or form part of large national projects. The JNR project on the MAGLEV train is currently the most powerful activity and it demands knowledge in all the different disciplines of cryogenics in particular on various scales of refrigeration. Research activities are also directed towards the development of Stirling cycle and magnetic refrigerators for applications in a wider area.     

斯特林制冷机静态真空系统设计与试验

静态真空是星载斯特林制冷机在地面进行各项性能试验的必备条件,它主要由杜瓦和真空保持系统组成。主要介绍斯特林制冷机杜瓦和真空抽气系统的设计。通过试验证明,该系统能够满足斯特林制冷机进行性能试验所需的真空条件。     

行波热声发动机驱动的脉管制冷机研究

通过改变热声发动机谐振直路长度,研究系统在不同工作频率下的性能.研究发现,在一定条件下降低频率可以显著改善脉管制冷机的性能.在工作压力为2.7 MPa,加热功率为2 350W,工作频率为45 Hz时,双向进气型单级脉管制冷机获得了80.9 K的最低制冷温度,这是目前用热声制冷方法获得的最低制冷温度.     

脉管型斯特林制冷机的实验研究

对脉管型斯特林制冷机用于普冷的可行性进行了分析研究。用实验的方法对脉管到斯特林制冷机和单纯的斯特林制冷机的性能进行了对比，得出了在２４５Ｋ以上温区脉管型斯特林制冷机的性能优于单纯的斯特林制冷机的重要结论．对小孔和脉管长度变化对脉管型斯特林制冷机性能的影响进行了讨论．     

Improvements of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerator combined with Stirling cycle refrigeration effect

A high pressure hybrid refrigerator that combines the active magnetic refrigeration effect with the Stirling cycle refrigeration effect at room temperature is studied here. In the apparatus, a helium-gas-filled alfa-type Stirling refrigerator uses Gd sheets as the regenerator and the regenerator is put in a magnetic field varying from 0 to 1.4 T, which is provided by a Halbach-type rotary permanent magnet assembly. With an operating pressure of 5.5 MPa and a frequency of 2.5 Hz, a no-load temperature of 273.8 K was reached in 9 minutes, which is lower than that of 277.6 K for pure Stirling cycle. For the hybrid operation, cooling powers of 40.3 W and 56.4 W were achieved over temperature spans of 15 K and 12 K, respectively. For the latter case, the cooling power improves by 28.5% if compared with that exploiting only the Stirling cycle refrigeration effect.