水热法由富锰渣制备4A分子筛工艺初探

研究了由富锰渣制备锰的过程中产生的硅铝废渣(酸浸渣)制备4A分子筛的工艺.以浓硫酸为浸取介质,将富锰渣中锰、铁、钙、镁等可溶性物质溶出,过滤所得固相酸浸渣在反应釜器中150℃、0.4MPa下与碱反应将硅铝溶出,以分析纯Al(OH)3,为铝源,补铝调整比例到4A分子筛合适的硅/铝比,使溶液中各物质摩尔比为SiO2/Al2O3≈2,H2O/Na2O≈28,Na2O/SiO2≈0.9.浓缩溶液至过饱和状态,加入EDTA.将过饱和状态的溶液在90℃恒温5h左右,加入NaCl少许,放冷使之结晶.过滤并洗涤晶体至pH值至9～10,在烘箱中105℃干燥,于马弗炉中5000℃右煅烧1h脱水,即得4A分子筛产品.研究了EDTA对结晶母液中有色离子的络合效果,结果表明对Fe3 有一定去除效果.由XRD分析,产品主要成分为4A分子筛,但还有杂晶.     

微波法由富锰渣制备4A分子筛

研究了以富锰渣为原料制备分子筛的工艺.作者以浓硫酸为浸取介质,在90～100 ℃下反应3 h,将富锰渣中锰、铁、钙、镁等可溶性物质溶出,液相中的锰用来制备硫酸锰.过滤所得固相酸浸渣在微波反应器中与碱反应将硅铝溶出,以分析纯Al(OH)3为铝源,补铝调整比例到4 A分子筛合适的硅/铝比,使溶液中各物质摩尔比为SiO2/Al2O3≈2,H2O/Na2O≈28,Na2O/SiO2≈0.9.浓缩溶液至过饱和状态,为结晶做准备.将过饱和状态的溶液放在空气中冷却到30 ℃,稍等片刻,再升温至90 ℃左右,恒温5 h左右,加入NaCl少许,放冷使之结晶.过滤并洗涤晶体至pH值至9～10,于马弗炉中500 ℃左右煅烧1 h脱水,即得4A分子筛产品.4A分子筛的质量指标符合GB1768-93,XRD分析与文献数据基本吻合.     

煤矸石除杂及碱融活化制取硅酸钠的实验研究

研究利用煤矸石中的硅元素制取硅酸钠,先将煤矸石粉在750 ℃下煅烧2 h,除去有机质并破坏了煤矸石中的高岭石等矿物的晶型结构,再将煅烧过的煤矸石粉在95 ℃、液固比（mL/g）为8∶1、质量分数为40%的硫酸中酸浸5 h,煤矸石煅烧粉中的铁和铝等金属杂质离子的总去除率为86.93%;还研究了碱融活化条件对硅元素溶出率的影响,获得了适宜的碱融活化条件：m（酸浸粉）∶m（碳酸钠）=1∶1.5、碱融温度为800 ℃、碱融时间为2 h。在此条件下,硅元素溶出率大于75%,最终获得了硅酸钠溶液。     

高铝煤矸石铝硅分级提取实验研究

分级研究了热活化条件下高铝煤矸石在盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的铝硅溶出行为。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和比表面积测定仪（BET）对煤矸石试样做了表征分析。通过正交实验分析了反应温度、反应时间、初始酸碱浓度和固液比对热活化处理后高铝煤矸石中Al2O3和酸浸渣SiO2溶出率的影响。结果表明：酸浸溶出Al2O3反应过程中,固液质量比和酸浸时间对溶出率的影响最为显著,酸浸过程的最优工艺条件：初始盐酸质量分数为20%、酸浸温度为90 ℃、酸浸时间为2.5 h、固液质量比为1∶6,在此条件下,Al2O3的浸取率达82.95%;强碱溶解酸浸渣溶出SiO2反应过程最优工艺条件：碱溶温度为95 ℃、碱溶时间为2.0 h、NaOH质量分数为20%、固液质量比为1∶10,在此条件下SiO2溶出率为69.74%,碱溶温度和碱液浓度对溶出率的影响最为显著。     

体型化NaA分子筛的制备研究

以粉煤灰一步酸溶法提取氧化铝剩余的酸溶渣为原料制备具有一定强度的地质聚合物,经过水热反应原位转化NaA分子筛。通过研究合成过程中的硅铝比、碱量、液固比等因素对制备体型化分子筛的影响,得到了制备酸溶渣基地质聚合物原位转化NaA型分子筛的最佳条件：在二氧化硅与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.8、氧化钠与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.0、水与酸溶渣质量比为1.2条件下制备出地质聚合物,之后在0.5 mol/L的75 mL氢氧化钠溶液中晶化,在晶化温度为100 ℃、晶化时间为8 h条件下可以制备出晶相单一、结晶度高的NaA体型化分子筛。制备的NaA体型化分子筛具有明显的立方体形貌,颗粒分布均匀,孔径为0.685 nm,比表面积为86.75 m²/g,抗压强度为4.5 MPa。     

粉煤灰提铝残渣低温碱溶过程工艺研究

循环流化床粉煤灰“一步酸溶法”提取氧化铝工艺过程中产生的尾渣主要成分为无定形二氧化硅,且具有较高的活性,是制备白炭黑、分子筛、硅酸钠水玻璃的理想原料。对该提铝残渣在氢氧化钠溶液中的溶出过程做了研究,探讨了液固比、碱浓度、溶出时间、溶出温度工艺条件对二氧化硅和氧化铝溶出效果的影响。研究结果表明：在氢氧化钠碱液的浓度为4 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、液固比为6、反应时间为4 h的条件下,二氧化硅的溶出率最高,达到93%。提铝残渣碱溶后固体渣经XRD分析,其无定形二氧化硅基本已溶出,剩余物主要为锐钛矿与莫来石等。     

常压碱溶法提取软锰矿酸浸渣中的硅

软锰矿经还原焙烧酸浸提取锰后,渣中二氧化硅质量分数超过60%,而且其他杂质较少,是较好的含硅原料。采用在常压下用氢氧化钠溶液浸出软锰矿酸浸渣中硅的工艺,通过正交实验和单因素实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间、氢氧化钠浓度和液固比等因素对硅浸出率的影响,并对浸出机理进行了探讨。结果表明：影响硅浸出率的主要因素依次为反应温度、液固比、反应时间和氢氧化钠浓度。当反应温度为120 ℃、液固比（溶液体积与软锰矿酸浸渣质量比,mL/g）为2∶1、反应时间为5.5 h、氢氧化钠浓度为20 mol/L时,硅的浸出率达到70.9%。     

废旧硅橡胶裂解残余物制备纳米白炭黑试验

试验采用高温煅烧、酸浸、碱溶等提纯手段脱出残余物中的油分及Fe等显色金属氧化物,得较纯净的硅酸钠水溶液,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备白炭黑。结果表明,残余物在900℃煅烧2h后用质量分数20％的HCl溶液在80～90℃酸浸3h,盐酸用量为6mL／g固体原料,二氧化硅获得率为50％;在碱溶除杂后的硅酸钠溶液中加入表面活性荆,在50℃下,控制体系pH=7～9,反应时间0．5h,制得的溶胶白炭黑,经共沸干燥及在400℃煅烧2h．获平均粒径为3．5μm的球形白炭黑。     

碱法提高铝硅矿物的铝硅比

采用NaOH溶液时铝硅矿物进行预脱硅处理,测出溶渣中SiO2和Al1O3的含量,计算得出渣中的铝硅比.考察液固比、溶出温度、溶出时间、碱浓度等因素对铝硅矿物溶出后渣中铝硅比的影响.实验表明,在液固比为40∶1、温度95℃、溶出时间3 h、40%碱浓度条件下,矿物的脱硅率可达55%以上.预脱硅后渣中铝硅比由0.89提高到...     

煤矸石合成4A分子筛及其在废水中的应用

铝、硅主要是以高岭土形式存在于煤矸石中的,活性非常低。通过添加碳酸钠在一定温度下焙烧煤矸石,使煤矸石中的氧化铝和氧化硅转化为可溶硅铝酸钠,并通过实验确定了影响合成4A分子筛性能的因素。实验表明,碳酸钠与煤矸石质量比为1.2、活化温度为800 ℃、活化时间为1.5 h、n（氧化钠）/n（二氧化硅）为1.8、n（水）/n（氧化钠）为42、晶化温度控制在90 ℃、晶化时间为3 h,制得的4A分子筛的钙离子交换能力为305 mg/g,对废水中铬离子的去除率达到83.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。