ND钢耐低温露点腐蚀性能的研究

ND钢是目前国内外最理想的"耐硫酸低温露点腐蚀"钢材。采用浸泡质量损失实验对ND钢、304不锈钢和20R在硫酸介质中的腐蚀情况进行了研究,来模拟硫酸的低温露点腐蚀。讨论了硫酸质量分数、腐蚀温度对腐蚀速率的影响,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学工作站对材料的表面形貌及电化学性能进行分析。结果表明:ND钢的耐腐蚀效果明显高于20R,温度20℃和40℃时,不同质量分数硫酸中的腐蚀速率分别为2.22~9.52 mm/a和11.41~13.56 mm/a;其耐蚀性也优于304不锈钢,且硫酸质量分数对其腐蚀速率的影响不大,同时ND钢具有更高的破膜电位为1 104.5 mV,抵抗腐蚀性能更强。因此ND钢具有耐硫酸低温露点腐蚀的能力。     

NaCl对X80管线钢冲刷腐蚀行为的影响

长输管道的内腐蚀主要由原油中的腐蚀介质引起,腐蚀介质以氯化物为主。以X80管线钢为研究对象,研究不同质量分数NaCl对X80管线钢在含砂溶液中质量损失和冲刷腐蚀行为的影响。采用旋转圆柱电极装置,通过失重法、动电位极化和电化学阻抗技术进行实验分析。研究结果表明:在实验浓度范围内,X80管线钢在不同质量分数NaCl下的冲刷腐蚀过程存在相似性特征;NaCl对X80管线钢冲刷腐蚀过程的影响存在临界浓度,在NaCl质量分数小于7%时,冲刷腐蚀速率随着NaCl质量分数的增加而增大,当NaCl质量分数为9%时,冲刷腐蚀速率开始减小;Cl~-在X80管线钢的冲刷腐蚀过程中起到重要作用,导致冲刷腐蚀过程加剧。该研究结果对长输管道的防护具有重要意义。     

压力容器用调质钢的H2S应力腐蚀行为

用慢应变拉伸的试验方法研究了压力容器用调质钢07MnCrMoVR在H2S水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,调质钢在H2S水溶液中的应力腐蚀性能与H2S的质量分数有很大的关系,调质钢可以用于H2S质量分数为50×10^-6的水溶液介质中或者H2S质量分数为100×10^-6但不含水溶液的介质中。     

双曼尼希碱型缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

采用苯乙酮、甲醛与芳香胺等原料合成出双曼尼希碱并以此作为主剂,通过添加丙炔醇进行复配,制备出一种具有协同效应的双曼尼希碱型缓蚀剂,缓蚀剂的质量配比为:双曼尼希碱∶丙炔醇=1∶0.4。采用静态挂片法评价该剂在不同条件下的缓蚀性能。试验结果表明,在常压、90℃及腐蚀时间为4 h条件下,质量分数为15%的盐酸对N80钢片的腐蚀速率随着缓蚀剂用量的增加呈减小的趋势;当缓蚀剂质量分数超过1.5%以后,腐蚀速率减小的趋势减慢;质量分数为15%的盐酸对N80钢片的腐蚀速率随着腐蚀温度的升高逐渐增大,当温度达到90℃时,腐蚀速率仅为1.652 3 g/(m~2·h),在盐酸、氢氟酸及土酸介质中对N80钢片腐蚀速率均可满足3~4 g/(m~2·h)的缓蚀剂评价一级指标,可用于现场不同酸化环境中的腐蚀防护。     

二乙氨基甲基苯并三氮唑缓蚀剂的合成及其性能

以甲醛（质量分数为40%）、苯并三氮唑和二乙胺为原料,经反应合成曼尼希碱缓蚀剂二乙氨基甲基苯并三氮唑（简称DMBM）。合成DMBM的优化反应条件：甲醛、二乙胺、苯并三氮唑物质的量比为3∶2∶3,反应温度为25 ℃,反应时间为0.5 h。使用红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对合成产物进行结构表征,釆用失重法考察其在10%盐酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效果,结果表明：所合成的DMBM在酸性介质中有着良好的缓蚀效果;其通过分子中的苯并三氮唑环以及胺基上带孤对电子的N原子与金属表面发生吸附而抑制金属的腐蚀。在10%盐酸溶液中加入质量分数为2%的DMBM,测得50 ℃下碳钢的腐蚀速率为0.94 mm/a,缓蚀率为93%。极化曲线测试结果表明,DMBM是以抑制阳极腐蚀反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂。     

2,2''-二氯氢化偶氮苯重排生成3,3''-二氯联苯胺的研究

采用Pd/C催化剂催化邻硝基氯苯加氢,制得2,2'-二氯氢化偶氮苯(DHB),再经过重排反应得到3,3'-二氯联苯胺(DCB).研究了反应温度、硫酸质量分数和用量、反应时间等因素对重排反应的影响规律,确定了最佳重排反应条件,即反应温度0～5℃、硫酸质量分数50%、硫酸与DHB的摩尔比7:1、反应时间4 h.在最佳条件下,产物3,3'-二氯联苯胺盐酸盐的收率为80%-83%,总氨基值大于95.0%.     

克拉2气田00Cr22Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢焊接接头应力腐蚀研究

采用恒载荷法、恒应变法对采用不同焊接方法（TIG、SMAW、TIG＋SMAW）得到的克拉2气田OOCr22Ni5M03N双相不锈钢焊接接头进行了不同介质浓度下的应力腐蚀试验。结果表明,在质量分数25％MgCl2和质量分数为40％CaCl。溶液中,不同焊接方法得到的焊接接头均具有良好的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

二乙醇胺在酸洗介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

借助静态质量损失法研究二乙醇胺作为缓蚀剂在质量分数分别为3%的氢氟酸、盐酸、硫酸和硝酸中对Q235A钢和20号碳钢的缓蚀性能,确定了二乙醇胺在上述酸介质中的最佳量。结果表明,二乙醇胺在质量分数分别为3%的氢氟酸、盐酸和硫酸介质中对Q235A钢和20号碳钢均有较好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率均在80%以上。     

有机胺法硫回收装置中仪表选型的探讨

有机胺法脱硫工艺在脱硫过程中会产生腐蚀性较强的硫酸酸雾,本文介绍了在不同温度和酸碱环境下耐腐蚀性良好的4种常用非金属材料,通过比较4种常用金属在不同质量分数和温度条件的硫酸介质中腐蚀情况,研究在该条件下影响金属腐蚀的关键因素,同时介绍了仪表的选型要求和注意事项。通过选择合适的仪表材料既实现了防腐的目的,又保障了装置的长期稳定运行和操作维护人员的人身安全。     

利用C5馏分制备戊醇

研究了以C5馏分为原料，用硫酸加成水解法制备戊醇的工艺条件。当C5馏分中异戊烯、1-戊烯、2-戊烯和硫酸的质量分数分别为5％以下、5％左右、28％左右和80％，硫酸与总烯烃的物质的量比为1．2-1．5，反应温度为15—30℃，反应时间1．5～2．0h，水蒸气蒸馏中硫酸的质量分数不大于40％时，戊烯总的转化率大于82％，戊醇选择性大于67％，收率大于55％。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.