二烷基胺基单硫磷酸酯基三嗪衍生物的摩擦学研究

合成了一系列双烷基胺基三嗪衍生物,2,4-双-二烷基胺基-6-(O,O′-二正丁基二硫代磷酸酯)基-s-l,3,5-均三嗪.在四球摩擦磨损试验机上研究了它们作为菜籽油添加剂的摩擦学性能。实验结果表明,该类化合物具有良好的极压抗磨性能,能提高菜籽油的极压抗磨性能。用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了钢球磨损表面典型元素的化学状态，结果表明，在摩擦过程中，钢球表面形成了一层含硫，磷光机膜和含氮的有机膜。     

血清在菜籽油和水中的摩擦学性能研究

通过四球试验机考察了牛血清在水和菜籽油(RO)中的抗磨性能与极压性能，结果表明：血清在两种基础液中具有优良的抗磨和减摩性能，其润滑作用机理是由于蛋白质中的碳、氧、氮、硫、磷等功能元素在摩擦过程中与钢球表面发生了摩擦化学反应生成了化学反应膜.     

含氮杂环硼酸酯衍生物与TCP的摩擦学协同性能研究

合成一种含氮杂环硼酸酯(NHB),利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察单剂NHB、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)以及它们不同质量比的复合添加剂在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,所合成的NHB能够有效的提高菜籽油的极压和抗磨性能,并且与TCP具有良好的复配作用。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析钢球表面形貌及元素分布,发现其主导作用的是边界膜中存在B、P、N活性元素,它们形成复合膜是添加剂具有良好摩擦学性能的主要原因。     

水-乙二醇液压液极压抗磨添加剂二聚酸钾的研究

本对合成的一种应用于水-乙二醇液压液的极压抗磨添加剂二聚酸钾进行了润滑性能测试和抗磨作用机理研究．四球实验表明,二聚酸钾的水溶性能和抗磨性能优于水溶性改性ZDDP和Lubrizol5642,以二聚酸钾作为极压抗磨添加剂的水-乙二醇液压液KGY的润滑性能与N46抗磨液压油相当。钢球磨斑表面元素EDS分析表明,在极压条件下,二聚酸钾与摩擦表面发生某种摩擦化学反应,形成了一层有机类抗磨膜。     

磷、氮改性油酸水溶性润滑添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能

以油酸为原料,合成了一种新型含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂,用红外光谱仪对其主要官能团进行了鉴定,用摩擦磨损试验机考察了合成产物在水中的摩擦学性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌,并用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了钢球磨损表面典型元素的化学状态。结果表明：含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂具有优良的抗磨和减摩性能,添加剂在钢球磨损表面形成了吸附膜和（或）摩擦化学反应膜,表现出良好的抗磨和极压作用,从而提高了添加剂在中水的摩擦学性能。     

含酯基苯并噻唑衍生物在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能及作用机制

合成了2种无灰无磷环境友好抗磨添加剂(含酯基苯并噻唑衍生物MBTA和MBTT),利用红外光谱和元素分析对其分子结构进行了表征.使用四球机考察了2种添加剂在菜籽油中的极压、抗磨和减摩性能,结果表明,2种苯并噻唑衍生物在适当范围内改善了菜籽油的抗磨性能,且添加剂MBTA的抗磨性能优于添加剂MBTT;2种添加剂仅仅在低载荷下有一定的减摩作用,添加剂MBTA和MBTT分别将菜籽油的最大无卡咬负荷提高了75.5% 和66.7%.使用XPS分析了添加剂MBTA在钢球磨斑表面的摩擦膜化学组成,发现添加剂MBTA在摩擦过程中活性硫元素与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应,其生成的摩擦膜主要由FeS和/或FeS2组成.     

硼氮化蓖麻油对菜籽油和矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响

通过化学改性的方法在蓖麻油分子中引入硼、氮元素,合成出一种新型绿色润滑油添加剂硼氮化蓖麻油(简称BNC);采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察BNC对菜籽油和400SN矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析试球磨痕的表面形貌及磨斑表面的化学元素。结果表明:BNC对菜籽油基础油的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能明显优于400SN基础油,这可能是由于BNC分子极性较大,在菜籽油基础油中感受性较好。BNC能在一定程度上提高基础油的承载能力、极压能力和抗磨减摩能力,这可能是由于长链蓖麻油分子的载体作用、硼的缺电子性、氮的高反应活性在摩擦副表面形成复杂的化学反应膜后具有良好的抗磨减摩性能。EDS分析表明,BNC中的B、N功能元素在摩擦副表面有较多的沉积,说明添加剂中的B元素、N元素均参与了摩擦化学反应。     

新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

从分子设计的观点出发,合成了一种新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯润滑油添加剂2-硫酮苯并噻唑啉-3-甲基二异辛基硼酸酯（ITTB）。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价了其摩擦学性能。结果表明：在菜籽油（RO）中加入添加剂以后,其承载能力明显提高,磨斑直径和摩擦因数均显著降低。从磨斑表面SEM,XPS分析结果可以推断,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学降解反应,硫元素在钢球的表面形成了一层含Fe2（SO4）3和FeS2的反应膜,氮、硼元素则以吸附膜的形式存在于摩擦表面,2种膜的共同作用提高了菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能及承载能力。     

硼氮型改性菜籽油润滑添加剂的制造及其摩擦学性能

在菜籽油（RO）中引入硼,氮,合成了新型润滑油添加剂－硼氮型改性菜籽油添加剂,并利用红外光谱对其主要官能团进行了鉴定,通过四球机考察了它在菜籽油和水中的抗磨性能与极压性能,结果表明：硼氮型改性菜籽油添加剂具有明显的减摩,抗磨和极压性能,其润滑作用机理是由于长链菜籽油分子的载体作用,硼的缺电子,氮的反应活性以及三的协同作用与摩擦金属表现形成了一层高强度的吸附膜和／或摩擦化学反应膜。     

几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的润滑行为研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了实验室合成的几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的减摩抗磨和极压性能。试验结果表明：这些含氧添加剂具有一定的减摩抗磨能力,但对菜籽油的极压性能的没有影响。双羟基脂肪酸比单羟基脂肪酸的减摩抗磨效果更为明显;烷基链较长的羟基甘二酸比羟基十八酸的减摩抗磨性能略好。     

Frictional characteristics of molybdenum dithiophosphates

The friction and wear characteristics of molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP) types of additives were investigated under reciprocating sliding conditions. Additives composed of pure MoDTP were ineffective with a paraffinic base oil but were effective with an engine oil containing P-S compounds such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In contrast, additives containing P-O and P-S compounds together with MoDTP were effective with both the base oil and the engine oil.The surface film effective in reducing friction and enhancing wear resistance was composed mainly of molybdenum sulphide and iron phosphate at the surface and molybdenum trioxide and iron phosphate in the subsurface.     

A study of the tribological behaviour and action mechanism of thiophosphates in rape seed oil

Tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and two thiophosphates, tri‐n‐butyl thiophosphate and tri‐n‐octyl thiophosphate, were synthesised. The tribological properties of the compounds as additives in rape seed oil for a steel‐steel friction pair were investigated with two four‐ball machines. The worn surfaces of the steel balls lubricated with the additive‐containing rape seed oil were analysed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Typical elemental distributions in the worn steel surfaces were analysed with an electron probe micro‐analyser. It was found that rape seed oil containing thiophosphates as additives at appropriate concentrations demonstrated better tribological properties than tri‐n‐butyl phosphate. Tribochemical reactions were found to be involved for the steel‐steel friction pair lubricated with the rape seed oil containing the synthetic phosphates, with the formation of a boundary lubricating film composed of a glyceride of the rape seed oil and the tribochemical reaction products of the additives. This is assumed to contribute to the improvement of the tribological properties of the rape seed oil base stock. The action mechanism of the additives is also discussed.     

2-烷基硫甲基噻吩系列添加剂对菜籽油磨擦学性能的影响

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了噻吩及实验室合成的2－烷基硫甲基噻吩对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响，用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析了磨损表面的形貌和元素存在状态。用差示扫描量热法（DSC）评价了合成添加剂对菜籽油氧化稳定性的影响，结果表明：2－烷基硫甲基噻吩系列化合物大大提高了菜籽油的承载能力，但加剧了钢－钢摩擦副的磨损。含上述添加剂的菜籽油在摩擦副表面发生摩擦化学反应，生成菜籽油和添加剂共同作用所产生的边界润滑膜，从而改变了菜籽油的润滑性能，2－烷基硫甲基噻吩可明显改善菜籽油的抗氧化性能。     

Synergistic lubricating effect of several ashless dithiocarbamates with Mo-donor additives

Several kinds of alkylenebis(dialkyldithiocarbamates) were synthesized and the tribological properties as additives in base oil (100N) and Li-soap greases were evaluated using 4-ball tester and SRV tester (Schwingreibverschleissprüfung für Schmierstoffe). The results show that all additives reduce wear. Especially, when Mo(Zn)-donor additives such as Mo-DTC, Zn-DTP, and a vegetable oil modified organomolybdenum complex were blended in base oil containing methylenebisdibutyldithiocarbamate as sulfur donor, synergism was seen both in terms of oxidation stability through thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and wear properties using a 4-ball tester. TGA showed that oils containing sulfur-donor and Mo(Zn)-donor additive mixtures possess improved oxidation stabilities. Also, these oils have good antiwear properties under mild pressure conditions. The elemental composition of the antiwear films generated on steel counterfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that sulfur-donor and Mo-donor additives reacted with the counterface metal and generated a surface protective film consisting of FeS and MoS₂.     

The Tribological Properties of Oils Added with Diamond Nano-Particles

A technique of relative optical interference intensity (ROII) and a high-precision force measuring system were used to measure film thickness and friction force of the oils added with ultra-fine diamond powder (UDP) in the nano-scale. The results show that the oil containing UDP nano-particles forms a thicker film than does the pure base oil. In the rubbing process, the hard spherical UDP nano-particles plow the two surfaces and produce many smooth micro-grooves. The friction force decreases with sliding distance. The possible mechanisms for such reduction and physical model of diamond nano-particles as additives in oils are discussed.     

苯并三氮唑羧酸衍生物和磷酸三丁酯的摩擦学协同性能

合成了一种新型无磷苯并三氮唑衍生物（BTB），利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了单剂BTB、磷酸三丁酯（TBP）以及不同配比的BTB和TBP的复合添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦磨损性能；用带散射能谱的扫描电镜分析了磨损表面形貌和元素分布。结果表明：所合成的BTB添加剂能提高基础油的承栽能力和减摩、抗磨性能，并且与TBP具有协同作用；在摩擦过程中发生物理、化学吸附的同时，与金属表面发生摩擦化学反应，生成一层复合膜，从而起到了极压抗磨作用。     

The tribological behavior of thiophosphates as additives in rapeseed oil

Two kinds of thiophosphate, tri-n-octyl thiophosphate and tri-n-octyl tetrathiophosphate, were synthesized. The tribological behavior of the synthetic compounds and tricresyl phosphate as additives in rapeseed oil for steel-steel frictional pair was investigated with a four-ball machine. The relationship between the additive structure and tribological properties was explored, while the lubrication mechanisms of the additives were investigated as well. Thus the worn surfaces of the steel ball lubricated with the additive-containing rapeseed oil were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental compositions and distributions in the worn steel surfaces were observed and determined with an EPMA-810Q electron probe micro-analyzer. It has been found that the synthetic thiophosphates as additives in rapeseed oil at proper concentrations show better tribological properties than tricresyl phosphate. Tribochemical reactions were involved for steel–steel frictional pair lubricated with the rapeseed oil containing thiophosphates, with the formation of a boundary lubricating and protecting film composed of glyceride of rapeseed oil and tribochemical reaction products of the lubricants. This contributes to improve the tribological properties of the rapeseed oil base stock.     

Film-forming tendencies of some base fluids and viscosity modifiers

The film-forming tendencies of selected mineral base oils and synthetic base fluids were investigated with and without conventional GL-5 additive packages. A pressurised falling-body viscometer and a concentrated contact simulator were used to measure low-shear viscosities, central film thicknesses, and traction coefficients. Analysis of the mineral—based oils showed that a paraffinic base oil and a naphthenic base oil had similar film thicknesses, even though the naphthenic base oil has higher pressure-viscosity coefficients. A very high viscosity index oil gave thinner film thicknesses and lower pressure—viscosity coefficients than the paraffinic or naphthenic base oils. Analysis of the synthetic base fluids showed that a PAO-4 base fluid gave thicker film thicknesses than an ester base fluid. The analysis of fully-formulated oils showed that the PAO-4 oil containing a proprietary polyolefin provided a similar filnz thickness to the PAO-4 oil containing a more expensive PAO-100.     

油溶性CuO纳米颗粒的抗磨性能研究

利用四球摩擦磨损实验机考察了油酸铜修饰CuO纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对钢球磨损表面进行了分析。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,当添加质量分数仅为0.025%时,油酸铜修饰CuO纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂即能够明显提高基础油的抗磨能力。SEM及XPS分析结果表明,油酸铜修饰CuO纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂在摩擦过程中形成了一层富含Cu2O和Fe2O3的化学反应膜,正是这层膜的存在使得其表现出良好的抗磨性能。     

硫化脂肪和磷系添加剂在菜子油中的复配性研究

以精制菜子油为基础油，在四球摩擦磨损实验机上考察了几种硫化脂肪添加剂和磷系添加剂P120的复配性。试验结果表明，菜子油中加入硫化脂肪和P120的复剂后，WSD明显下降，而PB值和PD值则大幅度增加，表明硫化脂肪和含磷添加剂P120复配，可以有效提高润滑油的油膜承载能力和极压抗磨性能。