易逝品最优定价、订货量和广告投入的联合确定

以需求受价格和广告投入影响的报童问题为研究对象,需求函数采用混合形式,研究了一类随机需求下易逝品最优定价、订货量和广告投入联合确定的报童问题.建立了需求受价格和广告投入影响的报童问题的数学模型,求解得出最优定价、广告投入和订货量.并与需求仅受价格影响的报童问题做了比较,最后给出算例说明了所得的结论.     

Scheduling with multi-attribute set-up times on unrelated parallel machines

This paper studies a problem in the knitting process of the textile industry. In such a production system, each job has a number of attributes and each attribute has one or more levels. Because there is at least one different attribute level between two adjacent jobs, it is necessary to make a set-up adjustment whenever there is a switch to a different job. The problem can be formulated as a scheduling problem with multi-attribute set-up times on unrelated parallel machines. The objective of the problem is to assign jobs to different machines to minimise the makespan. A constructive heuristic is developed to obtain a qualified solution. To improve the solution further, a meta-heuristic that uses a genetic algorithm with a new crossover operator and three local searches are proposed. The computational experiments show that the proposed constructive heuristic outperforms two existed heuristics and the current scheduling method used by the case textile plant.     

回购激励和广告投入下的供应链协调研究

在假设零售商的广告投入能提高需求期望但不会增加需求方差的前提下,以供应链的最大期望利润为目标,针对由单一供应商和单一零售商所组成的两级供应链,运用Stackelberg博弈方法,分别研究了在有无广告投入的条件下,集中式和分散式决策两种模式下的零售商的最优订货量和最佳广告投入的决策,并探讨了供应商销售奖励的回购契约协调机...     

武汉公共自行车亭广告包装的价值

以武汉公共自行车亭广告的现状、运作模式为启示,对此新兴绿色媒体的广告价值、特征和优势作了论述,讨论了市场对于这种广告形式的良性反应,并就其发展趋势进行了初步分析。在此基础上,提出了在后金融危机、能源紧缺、环境污染、交通紧张的现实环境中,在目前国情和世界发展趋势下,公益事业需加强自身造血功能,做好打基础管长远的工作,公共自行车广告系统必须在运行中完善,希望引起广泛关注。     

用户对移动广告视觉设计的态度和关注探究

目的互联网环境下,研究用户群体对移动广告设计的态度、习惯和关注重点。方法前期选取日常使用移动手机的用户进行问卷调查、用户访谈,中期统计数据进行交叉分析对比不同用户群体的特征,最后总结数据讨论移动广告视觉设计的原则。结果超过50%的用户非常重视广告的视觉,大部分用户明确表明会因为喜欢产品的视觉设计而购买此产品,并且不同年龄段和不同性别的用户在关注广告的侧重点上也不一样。结论通过对用户自身特征和关注习惯进行分析,得出不同用户群的关注重点和习惯,为广告的视觉设计师提出广告设计重点。     

Experimental study of the effect of digitizing parameters on digitizing uncertainty with a CMM

Planning of an automated digitization or inspection process takes time and requires experience. The accuracy of digitization and inspection depends directly on the planning of digitization strategies. This paper uses the fractional factorial experimentation approach to investigate the relationship between digitizing (inspection) uncertainty and digitizing (inspection) parameters with a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM). The parameters include travel speeds, pitch, probe angles (part orientations), probe sizes and feature sizes. Robust digitization (inspection) strategies are identified given the part geometry, dimensions and accuracy. Finally, future research directions are highlighted.     

构建具有中国特色的广告设计批评体系的探究

针对中国商品经济、广告事业持续发展并融入国际市场，需要构建具有中国特色的广告设计批评体系的问题，从为什么、凭什么两个方面论述，探讨了构建具有中国特色的广告设计批评体系的重要性、必然性、可行性等问题，说明构建包含国际共性的中国特色的广告批评体系，对中国、对世界商品经济、广告事业都具有重要的意义。     

Optimal stocking strategies for inventory mechanism with a stochastic short-term price discount and partial backordering

Price discount is an important research topic in the field of inventory management. The existing research on this topic mainly considers fixed price discount, but ignores the situation in which stochastic short-term price discount may be involved. In this paper, we study an inventory problem considering stochastic short-term price discount and partial backordering. To address this problem, we propose an optimal replenishment and stocking model to maximise the retailers' profit. After that, a cost–benefit analysis-based heuristic method for solving the developed model is presented by considering two scenarios depending on whether a replenishment point belongs to a discount period or not. Furthermore, an algorithm is provided to elicit an optimal ordering policy from multiple solutions derived from the given heuristic solution method. Finally, a real case is offered to demonstrate the application of the proposed model, followed by a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that a retailer can identify the optimal replenishment policy with the aim of achieving maximal profit in situations where stochastic short-term price discount and partial backordering are considered for certain inventory problems at hand. In addition, sensitivity analysis illustrates a fact that different values of the introduced parameters may influence the optimal replenishment policy.     

短缺量拖后率与价格折扣相关变质品VMI模型

考虑短缺量拖后率与订货商给予顾客的价格折扣正线性相关,提出一种需求指数时变的变质物品供应商管理库存模型,研究了供应链最优库存策略。数值仿真和主要参数灵敏度分析表明,订货商在缺货期间向顾客提供价格折扣有利于降低丢单损失和系统库存总成本;当需求增长因子变化时,VMI系统应保持库存控制策略不变;当变质系数和拖后率上限变大时,VMI系统则应保持订货商补货次数和价格折扣不变,同时适当降低订货商服务水平。     

允许缺货的可控提前期供应链库存优化与协调

将单个企业的可控提前期库存模型拓展到供应链环境中,并考虑了允许部分缺货后补的情形,分别建立了分散决策和联合决策情形下允许部分缺货后补的可控提前期供应链库存优化模型,并提出价格折扣机制来协调供应链成员的利益.采用数值实验方法,对所建的库存优化模型和协调机制进行了分析,结果表明:随着缺货后补比例的不断减少,供应链必须不断增大订货批量和压缩提前期以提高顾客服务水平;价格折扣机制可以使得允许缺货的可控提前期供应链达到协调的目的.     

大学生消费群广告名人效应的心理加工机制研究

从自动化加工和控制性加工这个视角研究了名人效应的心理加工机制。实验运用加工分离程序，探讨了大学生消费对名人广告的信息加工模式。结果发现：①与用一般消费做代言人相比，大学生消费对名人广告明显存在更多的自动化加工；②在非注意条件下，代言人的专业化程度明显地影响了大学生消费的控制性加工，但与自动化加工关系不大。     

A framework for decision-making in investment alternatives selection

Investment alternatives selection involves a variety of criteria that should be evaluated to provide a solid basis for decision-making. Some prior research has proposed methodologies and frameworks to support such alternatives selection. However, many of them present intrinsic limitations related to their applicability and complexity. Thus, this paper presents a framework for decision-making concerning investment alternatives that are usually related to equipment selection for a manufacturing process, technology selection for product development, product portfolio selection, and production strategy selection, among others. The framework is based on a multi-criteria approach that considers three main criteria: (i) strategy, which considers company market competitiveness; (ii) quality, which considers client requirements; and (iii) economic aspects, considering the overall financial benefits of the investment. These criteria are evaluated with the support of well-known tools from traditional management engineering such as SWOT, QFD, NPV and Payback. The results obtained through the use of these tools are rated using the MAUT method. Two major contributions are offered by this framework: (i) the integration of three key criteria for decision-making that enables to obtain a balanced analysis of the investment alternatives and (ii) the intrinsic easy-to-implement characteristic of the framework – based on the use of traditional tools. The proposed framework was applied in a tailor-made furniture company to support a make-or-buy decision, and the obtained results are discussed.     

心理测评应用于招聘工作的尝试及问题分析

心理测评理论与技术在人力资源管理工人中的应用早已得到重视，但应用中暴露的问题也不容忽视，特别是如何才能保证心理测评技术，方法和工具在实际应用中的效度，文章介绍了将心理测评技术应用于干部招聘工作的尝试和对有关问题的探索。围绕招聘工具的制订、施测及其信度问题，讨论了工作分析的未来性、心理测评的过程性效应及招聘决策，岗位匹配性与招聘决策等。     

基于四维空间相似度的军械紧急调运方案优选方法

分析了军械紧急调运方案优选决策的混合多属性特点。基于TOPSIS方法的基本原理，首先通过方案属性值的四维属性值转化，将不同类型的属性值统一成相同的形式，然后通过定义四维空间相似度，将各类型属性值的相似度计算规范到统一的度量空间，解决了含有实数、区间数、语言值和不确定语言值等多种不同决策属性值的的军械紧急调运方案优选这一混合型多属性决策问题。计算示例表明了该方法的可操性和有效性。     

Joint pricing and advertising strategy with reference price effect

Consumers are susceptible to reference price effects when they make purchase decisions for a certain product. Meanwhile, the sales price and advertisement are the determinable factors that have impact on consumers’ reference price which are also fundamental marketing strategies. Therefore, how to determine an appropriate sales price and advertising effort level to maximise firms’ profits is an essential task. A joint pricing and advertising problem for a monopolistic firm with consideration of reference price effect is investigated, where consumer demand rate is price-sensitivity and depends on the gap between the sales price and the reference price in consumers’ mind. An optimisation model is established to maximise the firm’s total profit by making a joint pricing and advertising strategy. The static and dynamic joint strategies are obtained by applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Results show that the dynamic strategies dominate the static ones. Furthermore, the dynamic pricing and dynamic advertising strategies are strategic complements. Additionally, the length of the sales period plays a key role in determining the superiority of the two dynamic strategies. Specifically, a relatively short sales period highlights the value of the dynamic advertising while a long sales period strengthens the function of the dynamic pricing.     

Bullwhip effect and complexity analysis in a multi-channel supply chain considering price game with discount sensitivity

This paper constructs a multi-channel supply chain that includes a manufacturer, a dual-channel retailer and an online retailer. The dual-channel retailer has a traditional channel and an online channel, while the manufacturer cooperates with the retailers and opens a direct channel simultaneously. The horizontal and historical price discount sensitivities are taken into account to establish the price-sensitive demand functions. A price game model with the heterogeneous expectations is proposed and analysed with the methods of the stability domain, the bifurcation diagram and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The complexity and bullwhip effect of each channel are investigated with respect to the price adjustment speed and historical price discount sensitivity. The results show that a moderate or low price discount sensitivity keeps the system stable and a high price discount sensitivity brings the system into the twofold cycle state or chaotic state. It is interesting that if both online channels increase the adjustment speeds with similar strategy the system will enter chaos through the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. The bullwhip effect is affected by the price adjustment speed and the price discount sensitivity, especially in the double-period or chaotic state, where the bullwhip of the overall supply chain is increased significantly. The results show that controlling price discount sensitivity is useful for supply chain node companies.     

考虑价格折扣和运输柔性的库存运输优化研究

在考虑运输能力柔性和销售价格折扣的基础上,建立了零售商主导的分散优化模型、供应商主导的分散优化模型和库存运输联合优化模型,分析得出模型的性质。通过比较研究得出不同决策模式下最优策略和系统绩效的关系。研究表明,零售商主导的分散优化模型的库存成本小于运输库存联合优化模型的库存成本;零售商主导的分散优化模型的运输成本大于运输库存联合优化模型的运输成本;运输库存联合优化供应链的总成本小于零售商主导的供应链总成本。     

Optimal decision-making via binary decision diagrams for investments under a risky environment

This paper presents two methods for supporting investments and resource allocation in a constrained risky environment. These methods are based on the application of logical decision trees and binary decision diagrams as an approach that allows quantitative analysis of a qualitative study. The scenario considered in this paper is a decision-making process under risk environment, where stochastic variables are considered. The two novel procedures are introduced to facilitate the resource allocation as the objective of the decision-making process. The first procedure uses the analytic expression provided by binary decision diagrams as an objective function of a non-linear programing model. The second procedure introduces an importance measure that takes into account some external constraints, unlike the classical importance measures that only consider the topology of the tree. The first technique will optimise the outcomes and the second will provide a good approximation of the outcomes using simpler calculations.     

考虑再制造投资的闭环供应链网络均衡模型

针对企业投入资金以提高回收产品再制造率的闭环供应链问题,建立了再制造率的投资函数,构建了制造商回收的两层闭环供应链网络。利用均衡理论和变分不等式理论描述决策者的决策行为,在利润最大化的基础上考虑排放最小化。运用修正投影算法,求解出网络中不同回收标准与补贴政策下企业的最优生产决策,并分析企业的投资效率对回收再制造过程的均衡决策的影响。算例结果表明,最低回收标准的上升会减少环境排放,提高回收补贴却会导致排放量的上升,且再制造投资效率越高的企业此效应越明显。     

Price determinants for remanufactured electronic products: a case study on eBay UK

In this paper, we analyse the market determinants of price differentials between new and remanufactured products in Electronics using data on purchases made on eBay UK. The empirical analysis is carried out by means of linear regression methods, which are capable of controlling for the presence of collinearity among the explanatory variables. Our empirical results suggest that the seller reputation, length of warranties, proxies of demand and supply of remanufactured products, duration, end day of product listings as well as the availability of return policies are important determinants of price differentials. Most importantly, we find that the seller identity plays an important role, as our empirical results are predominantly driven by transactions carried out by non-manufacturer-approved vendors.